Clear insights

Backlighting mesh-laminated glass for dramatic interior features

Mon, 27 Apr 2026 22:45:07 GMT

Looking for a dramatic interior design feature? Find out how backlit mesh-laminated glass can help you complete the look.

Interior design is all about contrast – the contrast of materials, colours and textures. So, it's no surprise that for centuries, if not longer, designers have been using glass and light to create dramatic interior features.

At the grander end of the scale is stained glass – those mighty multi-coloured tableaux that still shine in medieval cathedrals. At the subtler end is frosted glass. Often used to ensure privacy in bathrooms and other contexts, frosted glass diffuses natural and electric light through a fine gauze.

Today, the possibilities for dramatic interior features that harness glass and light are immense.

Perhaps the most talked-about product is smart glass . This type of glass can be switched from transparent to translucent to opaque and back again with a few clicks on a smartphone app.

But there's also mesh-laminated glass . This is a kind of laminated glass unit with a metallic mesh interlayer.

On its own, a mesh-laminated glass unit can create a strong impression in an interior. But when backlit with LEDs or other back lights, it can create a statement piece or conversation starter – or, at the very least, a dramatic effect.

This makes it popular in high-end settings such as hotels, boutique shops and restaurants. It shows a commitment to interior design and a sense of adventure. These are two things people look for, whether consciously or subconsciously, when checking out places at higher price points.

In this article, we look at the dramatic interior features you can create by backlighting mesh-laminated glass. We hope it inspires you in your next project.

What is mesh-laminated glass and how can it be backlit?

Mesh-laminated glass is a type of safety glass that sandwiches a woven mesh interlayer between two or more glass panes. This interlayer can be copper, bronze, aluminium or stainless steel, to take just four common options.

You can then illuminate this unit from behind or from the edges, whether using LED lights or another kind of electric light. This light can be coloured. Whatever source of light is used, the effect is the same: a glowing, textured light diffused through the mesh.

Backlit mesh-laminated glass combines the rugged look of metal with the softness of light. The backlighting (or, in some cases, LED edge lighting) adds depth and shimmer. The look could be dubbed "industrial impressionism", combining as it does the gritty and the gauzy.

Where can backlit mesh-laminated glass be used?

Backlit mesh-laminated glass can be used in a wide range of commercial and domestic settings. However, it tends to be associated with high-end hotels, premium office spaces and boutique retail locations.

Restaurants, hotels and offices all use backlit mesh-laminated glass for interior dividers and partitions. These create privacy zones while letting the light flow through.

In similar settings, you might see backlit mesh-laminated wall cladding or feature walls. These create a luxurious shimmer that can enhance comfort. This kind of application is especially popular in waiting areas and lounges in restaurants, hotels and shops.

Backlit mesh-laminated glass is also used in restaurants and bars. You might see a feature wall behind the bar. This adds decorative flair to the space while also being easy to clean. The lack of maintenance required works wonders in a high-traffic environment where spills and stains are inevitable.

Other kinds of buildings use backlit mesh-laminated glass for balustrades on staircases and balcony railings. The laminated glass ensures high levels of safety, while the mesh and backlight provide high levels of sophistication.

Finally, backlit mesh-laminated glass is used for the interior cladding in lift cabins.

What are the benefits of backlighting mesh-laminated glass in interior design?

The biggest advantage of backlighting mesh-laminated glass in interior design is quite simply that it can look amazing.

Designers get to choose from a wide variety of weaves, colours and metals for the glass unit.

Combined with the endless possibilities of the light spectrum, this can create virtually any effect – bold or delicate, industrial or rustic, lofty or light-hearted.

This versatility is a godsend to an interior designer because it allows them to play with more variables.

From one point of view, interior design is all about juxtaposition. Mesh-laminated glass is a perfect example of how juxtaposition can create special effects and how these can interact in myriad ways with the surrounding elements in the design.

On top of this, mesh-laminated glass acts as a privacy screen. The mesh allows the backlights through while obscuring whatever's behind the glass unit. This combination of functionality and aesthetic interest opens up all sorts of possibilities.

Moreover, mesh-laminated glass harnesses all the advantages of the laminated glass it's made from.

It's up to six times stronger than standard glass and, when broken, is designed to retain its structural integrity by staying in the frame.

The mesh is sealed, meaning it doesn't gather dust, dirt or gunk. The unit can simply be wiped down with a soft detergent, water and a microfibre cloth.

And finally, laminated glass has appreciable sound-reducing properties. In a restaurant booth, say, or a hotel room, sound reduction is all part of the package. It means that you get some level of sound reduction built into a feature rather than added at additional expense.

What is laminated glass?

Laminated glass is a type of safety glass used in places where extra durability is needed.

It consists of two or more sheets of standard glass with an interlayer sandwiched between. This interlayer comes into its own in the unlikely event that the super-tough outer pane is damaged.

Rather than shattering like standard glass, laminated glass is designed to stay in its frame. This protects building users from falling glass and gives fixers more time to get to work.

Are you looking for high-quality mesh-laminated glass for an interior design project – or another kind of decorative glass ? At ToughGlaze, we can cut and process glass to match your exact specification. Get in touch today to discuss your needs or request a quick, competitive quote.

Mesh laminate in feature walls and partitions: a designer's guide

Fri, 24 Apr 2026 08:22:13 GMT

Mesh laminated glass can be used for a wide variety of decorative purposes in feature walls, partitions and more. Let's explore the options.

For as long as there have been interiors, there has been interior design. Humans, it seems, have an inborn taste for decoration.

From this point of view, feature walls and partitions aren't so different from cave paintings. They're a way of leaving our mark on a dwelling.

The difference is that today's decorations are more diverse, more versatile and more technologically advanced.

Take the case of glass – our speciality. Glass is an astonishingly versatile decorative material. It can be coloured , sandblasted , printed , made " switchable " – you name it.

This decorative potential can be applied to everything from simple windows and doors to features like partitions and feature walls.

Partitions are transparent or translucent glass walls used to create zones within a room. Feature walls, meanwhile, are specially manufactured walls that stand out from the others and act as focal points.

In both cases, the design possibilities are near-endless. But one underused type of glass is mesh-laminated glass . In this article, we explore its remarkable artistic possibilities.

What is mesh-laminated glass?

As the name suggests, mesh-laminated glass is a variety of laminated glass – those glass units made from two sheets of glass and an interlayer.

In standard laminated glass, the interlayer is made from plastic. Mesh laminated glass, however, also includes an interlayer made from a kind of metal mesh. This can be stainless steel, copper or brass, to take just a few examples.

The result is a glass unit with delicate, varied and striking textures. It's created by bonding the interlayer between glass sheets at high pressure and heat.

Mesh-laminated glass is mostly used for high-end, luxury applications: things like partitions, balustrades, lift cars, feature walls and facades.

Here at ToughGlaze, we stock our own range of mesh laminated glass, TG MI .

What are the benefits and features of mesh-laminated glass?

The main purpose of mesh-laminated glass is to introduce unique and attractive textures into residential and commercial settings. They often communicate a sense of style and luxury, especially in tasteful combination with other textures, colours and pieces of furniture.

But mesh-laminated glass has the benefits of laminated glass, as well as the benefits of attractive meshes.

Laminated glass is constructed in such a way that when it breaks, the fragments adhere to the interlayer. This keeps building occupants safe even in the event of a breakage.

This structural sturdiness is also a reason for the mesh's durability. Sealed between glass panes, it's largely protected from moisture and corrosion, ensuring a long-lasting installation.

Finally, mesh-laminated glass has the advantage of offering privacy without blocking light. Mesh-laminated partitions, for instance, diffuse lighting rather than block it. This can help create warm, welcoming environments with sophisticated textural accents.

How can mesh laminate be used in feature walls?

Mesh-laminated glass is most often used in feature walls for high-end residential and commercial settings. These attention-grabbing installations combine the aesthetic appeal of metallic textures with the soft translucency of glass.

The aesthetics of mesh laminate is often undeniably modern. This makes it an appealing proposition for hotels, offices and restaurants. But the aesthetic potential is wider than just a splash of the new.

Mesh-laminated glass designs range from the delicate to the industrial, from the nostalgic to the brutalist. It all depends on how the design interacts with its setting.

These feature walls can also be illuminated using LEDs . This can create a soft and calming glow even in a high-traffic environment.

Mesh-laminate feature walls are far from the preserve of businesses, however. They're also used to create focal points in living rooms and other domestic settings.

How can mesh laminate be used in partitions?

Mesh laminate can be used in partitions in many of the same ways as feature walls. They combine structural sturdiness and safety with luxury aesthetics. They decorate a room with no loss of du rability.

The key difference is, of course, that a feature wall is the outer limit of a room, whereas a partition is used to divide it into distinct zones.

These mesh-laminated partitions can be found in a range of settings. Offices are a popular one, but they can also be found in shops and healthcare facilities.

An advantage of partitions – mesh-laminated or not – is that they're often modular in design. This means they're easy to install and can be rearranged with ease. This can be a worthwhile investment for a company that's growing or expecting to grow.

Glass partitions are often used to maintain spatial separation in an open-plan environment. Mesh-laminated glass can do this, too, but the mesh interlayer can add a stronger visual identity than clear glass. This can help with everything from company branding to staff well-being through the creation of an aesthetically appealing work environment.

The range of interlayers available for partitions is the same as for feature walls. In the case of our mesh-laminated glass, this means aluminium, stainless steel, bronze, brass and copper.

About our mesh-laminate glass

Here at ToughGlaze, we manufacture high-quality, made-to-measure mesh-laminated glass that can be used in feature walls and partitions in both commercial and residential settings.

Like all of our products, TG MI carries the Kitemark seal and has been tested to all relevant industry standards.

It's a versatile product that can be cut and treated to meet the exact requirements of your products. It comes in textures from steel to copper, from brass to bronze.

Meanwhile, when fitted with a waterproof interlayer, it's highly suited to outdoor applications and moist environments like bathrooms.

So, if you're looking for a high-quality, versatile decorative laminated glass product, don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts . We can discuss your practical and aesthetic requirements and help you source the right glass for your project.

Glass partitions in call centres: ensuring visibility and sound control

Mon, 20 Apr 2026 10:00:10 GMT

How can glass help create a positive working environment in your call centre? Learn all about it in our safety glass guide.

It's no secret that call centre managers face numerous challenges.

Every working environment faces challenges, of course. But in the case of call centres, these challenges directly affect the day-to-day success or failure of the operation. They are, you could say, existential rather than circumstantial.

High employee turnover. High call volumes. High standards for compliance. All of these individual challenges can combine to create high levels of stress.

When juggling these logistical balls, however, it's easy to overlook a more fundamental issue – namely, how to create a pleasant and productive work environment for your staff.

There's an obvious reason for this. Call centres are noisy places to be.

This presents a difficulty. For a call centre to succeed, multiple overlapping calls need to take place. At the same time, the people making those calls need to be able to focus – and focus typically means some level of peace and quiet.

This is where glass comes in – in particular, glass partitions. These are transparent or translucent walls made primarily from toughened glass, also known as "tempered glass". They exist to create specific spaces or zones without blocking natural light.

With glass partitions, you can achieve the right balance between privacy, sound separation and an open-plan feel. Here's how.

How do glass partitions in call centres ensure visibility?

Most call centre managers would agree that customer service agents should be seen and heard.

This is partly to ensure staff well-being. More often than not, staff feel more comfortable in an open-plan environment than shut away in a cubicle.

It's also so that managers can monitor staff and assist with enquiries without breathing down their employees' necks.

Glass partitions allow this level of visibility – but they do so while also reducing the overall noise levels of the workplace.

How do glass partitions in call centres ensure sound control?

Call centres are notoriously noisy places to work. But glass partitions can control the amount of noise while maintaining visibility.

This is all thanks to the noise-reducing properties of glass. Of course, even a thin single-glazed window will provide some level of noise reduction. But for work environments, partitions should be made from specialist acoustic glass .

This is a type of laminated glass specifically engineered to reduce noise transmission. It's made by bonding two or more glass panes together with a sound-reducing interlayer, typically made from acoustic polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

Acoustic glass is used in all sorts of settings, both residential and commercial. Homes near busy roads, airports and other transport hubs are sometimes fitted with acoustic glass to make life more bearable. In workplaces, they're used in meeting rooms, offices and call centres.

In the case of call centres, glass partitions block out the sound of conversations and phone calls, increasing employee focus with no loss of visibility.

For many office managers, these two benefits are compelling enough to justify investing in acoustic glass partitions. However, these super-durable products have other benefits beyond visibility and soundproofing.

What are the other benefits of glass partitions for call centres?

Again and again, research has demonstrated that natural light is good for employee well-being – and that employee well-being is good for productivity.

Glass partitions are one powerful weapon in the war against artificial light. By replacing solid walls with see-through surfaces, employees are exposed to more natural light for the length of their shifts.

As well as increasing well-being and productivity, this maximisation of natural light also helps call centre managers keep energy bills down. At a time of spiralling energy costs, this can be a worthwhile investment.

Glass partitions also help call centre managers balance the twin goals of openness and separation. The open-plan nature of a partition-filled office creates a sense of communication, connection and collaboration while enabling privacy, focus and quiet.

This sense of camaraderie can be especially important in an industry often bedevilled by high turnover rates and staff burnout.

Glass partitions help with another problem. When investing in furniture and other physical equipment, it can be difficult to future-proof your purchases. In other words, if your business gets bigger, your premises need to get bigger too.

Glass partitions are often modular, meaning they can be moved around and rearranged with ease. This allows you to invest in a workable solution that can be adapted as circumstances change.

Toughened glass is easy to clean and easy to maintain. All you need is warm water, a soft detergent and a non-abrasive cloth.

Finally, glass partitions have a sleek, modern, professional appearance that can be tailored to underline your brand identity.

This can be achieved by sandblasting , screen printing or digitally printing brand colours, logos or other designs onto your partitions.

All in all, glass partitions can be a valuable addition to any call centre. They isolate and reduce sound, ensure visibility for staff and managers and have the potential to improve employee well-being and productivity.

About our acoustic glass

Here at ToughGlaze, we specialise in toughened and laminated glass. Our range includes TG AG , our specialist and made-to-measure acoustic glass. When used in conjunction with a suitable framing system, it can be used to effectively ensure visibility and sound control in call centres and elsewhere.

This glass can be digitally printed or screen-printed with your branding. This means you can make changes to your workplace environment while maintaining your brand identity.

Like all of our toughened and laminated products, TG AG carries the Kitemark seal and is compliant with relevant British standards.

What's more, ToughGlaze as a whole has been awarded the ISO 9001:2015 quality management system standard. All this means that you can count on us for a professional and reliable service.

Are you looking for high-quality acoustic glass for office partitions? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze to discuss your needs and request a qu ote.

Green construction procurement (and glass's role in the transition)

Fri, 17 Apr 2026 15:36:15 GMT

Do you want your procurement processes to be more sustainable? Discover the crucial role that glass can play.

The concept of sustainability in business is nothing new. Perhaps surprisingly, it's at least as old as Hans Carl von Carlowitz's 1713 treatise on sustainable forestry .

Whether in 1713 or 2026, sustainability is all about using resources in a way that meets present needs without harming future generations.

So, what's the difference in 2026? Primarily, it's the fact that nowadays sustainability is rapidly becoming an expectation, not a choice. If your business is to show it's on the right side of history, you'll need to demonstrate a commitment to environmentalism in some form.

In the construction industry, this takes several forms. In this article, we focus on the critical issue of procurement.

The process of purchasing sustainable materials and services for construction projects is known as "green construction procurement". As with all sustainability drives, its key aim is to minimise environmental damage.

Under this banner, materials are selected that can be shown to be low-carbon, recycled or renewable. Energy efficiency is prioritised and suppliers with green credentials are selected.

Here at ToughGlaze, our speciality is glass – and glass can play a crucial role in sustainable procurement. But before explore this critical contribution, let's take a closer look at green construction procurement in general.

What is green construction procurement?

There are five main facets of green construction procurement. The first is assessing and evaluating the environmental impact of products. This impact can be tracked from the start to the end of the life cycle – from the extraction of raw materials to the disposal of the finished product.

The second is using sustainable materials. These will be low-carbon or no-carbon, and include products such as recycled plastic, glass, green concrete and engineered wood.

Thirdly, materials and systems are selected that use less energy and generate less waste. These could include types of heating, ventilation, air conditioning or lighting.

Where the materials come from matters. Green construction procurement typically involves purchasing materials from local suppliers. This is to help keep down the carbon emitted in the transportation of materials.

Finally, construction firms committed to green procurement work with suppliers that are similarly committed to the process. This helps ensure that every stage of the procurement process is sustainable.

That's what green construction procurement means. So, how can glass help you get there?

What role can glass play in green construction procurement?

It's no understatement to say that glass can play a critical role in any green construction procurement strategy.

Modern glazing techniques prioritise energy efficiency, whether through thickness, double or triple glazing, special coatings or laminated interlayers. These kinds of glass are all good for maintaining the overall ambient temperature of a building.

Other kinds of glass are specially designed to help with solar control. Sandblasted glass , for instance, lets just enough light in for visibility.

Meanwhile, switchable smart glass can be changed from transparent to translucent to opaque and back again with just a few clicks of a smartphone app. This means buildings (and the people in them) can use only the heating and electric light they need.

On top of this, glass is 100% recyclable, and when it's recycled, it doesn't suffer any loss in quality. It can either be reused as glass or used as a raw material in another construction project.

Recycled glass, sometimes known as low-carbon or green glass, helps contribute to the overall sustainability of procurement.

And high-quality glass is sustainable for another reason. It lasts a long time, meaning there should be no need for frequent or, hopefully, even infrequent replacements down the line.

Some kinds of glass facades allow for natural ventilation. This reduces a building's energy usage and reliance on HVAC systems. It can also improve the quality of the air circulating.

High-performance glass, whether or not it was manufactured in a sustainable fashion, can also contribute to sustainability by maintaining stable and comfortable indoor temperatures all year round.

What are the benefits of using glass in green construction procurement?

From one point of view, the benefits of using glass in green construction procurement boil down to one big benefit. Glass helps the construction industry to be more green for the myriad reasons we explored above.

After all, the construction industry has something of a waste and pollution problem. Green construction procurement helps offset and mitigate these negative environmental impacts. In many ways, this ties in with the construction industry's steady transition to a low-carbon economy.

Green construction procurement is forward-thinking and future-proofing. Investments are made for a long time, not on the basis of their initial costs alone.

On top of all this, green construction procurement ties into circular economy practices. When these forward-thinking processes go hand in hand, the industry moves closer to sustainability and invests more money (and faith) in green building materials.

Glass and the circular economy

These days, much is made in the business world of circular economies. So, what are they – and how do they work?

Traditional economies work in a straight line. This line is sometimes referred to as "take-make-waste". Materials are extracted, used and then disposed of. This creates unnecessary carbon emissions and contributes to environmental damage.

The circular economy aims to bring back used materials into circulation, whether by refurbishing, reusing or recycling.

The immediate point is to reduce waste. More broadly, the intention is to find a model of economic growth that doesn't involve consuming resources without regenerating them.

As a 100% recyclable material, glass can play a key role in a future circular economy. But at present, the infrastructure for glass recycling is inconsistent and not always effective.

Improvements are being made, however. Advanced, high-speed sensor technology is being used to quickly identify and sort glass within recycling facilities, reducing mis-sorting and waste. Novel collection processes are being introduced to make sure more glass gets recycled and less goes to landfill. And improved reprocessing techniques are helping manufacturers create higher-quality products from recycled glass.

How much of an impact these innovations make remains to be seen. We'll be sure to keep you posted as and when developments emerge.

Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is a trusted supplier of toughened glass and other specialist glass products. Visit our free resource centre for more industry news and insights.

What is impact-resistant glass?

Fri, 10 Apr 2026 07:57:59 GMT

What is impact-resistant glass and how is it different from other kinds of super-strong glass? Get the facts in our glass guide.

Ask the person on the street to name five different types of glass. We suspect you'll get a mixture of blank looks and vague references to double glazing.

Despite its prevalence as a building material in both residential and commercial settings, common knowledge about the variety of glass products on the market is spotty at best.

This is mainly because of the astonishing versatility of glass as a building material. Glass can be illuminated , screen-printed or turned from transparent to opaque with a smartphone . And in places vulnerable to extreme weather, it can serve as a vital protection against hurricanes and other weather events.

These types of glass fall under the bracket "impact-resistant glass". Sometimes simply known as "hurricane glass", it shares much in common with safety glass. This is a category of glass products used in so-called "critical locations", where extra safety and protection are not only desirable but mandatory.

The purpose of impact-resistant glass is clear from its name – to withstand high-velocity impacts from debris and intense winds.

No glass product is unbreakable. But when impact-resistant glass breaks, its two or more glass panes are designed to hold together rather than breaking into dangerous shards. That's important because those shards could fly off and injure bystanders during a storm.

What are the key benefits of impact-resistant glass?

There are three main benefits of impact-resistant glass. They all address the same problem: how to keep people safe in extreme weather.

Suitability for extreme weather

The first benefit is that impact-resistant glass is engineered to withstand hurricane-force winds and impacts from flying debris. This protection from high-velocity impacts makes it ideal for regions vulnerable to storms.

Fracture behaviour

Related to this first benefit is how impact-resistant glass breaks. It's a kind of laminated glass , consisting of two sheets of glass (sometimes toughened ) and a plastic interlayer. This means that when broken, the laminated unit breaks safely, with little or no danger of flying fragments.

Security

Because it can withstand high-velocity impacts and breaks safely, impact-resistant glass can also provide enhanced safety against manual attack and forced entry. The interlayer remains intact even when pounded with a hammer or an axe.

And more…

Alongside these three key benefits, impact-resistant glass:

Has soundproofing properties
Blocks up to 99% of ultraviolet (UV) rays
Offers superior thermal insulation to standard glass

What are the main types of impact-resistant glass?

In hurricane zones, impact-resistant glass is laminated. This is the gold standard for impact resistance thanks to its super-tough exterior and interlayer.

Sometimes, these laminated units are insulated, combining the strength of laminated glass with thermal insulation. At other times, they're manufactured as acoustic laminates. These have an interlayer that improves sound insulation as well as impact resistance.

Impact-resistant glass is sometimes marketed as "hurricane" or "hurricane-rated" glass. These units are specifically tested for hurricane protection and can be bought in thicker versions.

However, not all impact-resistant glass is laminated. In some situations where impact resistance is required, toughened glass – also known as "tempered glass" – will suffice.

Toughened glass is heat-treated to be four or five times stronger than standard annealed glass. When it breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny, relatively harmless pieces.

Toughened glass isn't suitable for hurricane zones. However, it's often found in lower-stakes applications such as shower doors and sliding doors.

What standards are impact-resistant glass tested to?

The effectiveness of impact-resistant glass is no laughing matter. In hurricane zones, it can be the difference between life and death for building users and bystanders.

This is why impact-resistant glass (like other kinds of safety glass) is tested to strict standards.

The primary European standard for impact resistance in buildings is the so-called "pendulum test", also known by its official title "BS EN 12600".

Replacing the older BS (British standard) 6206, this test involves dropping a 50 kg weight from various heights onto the glass. The glass is then classed as Class 1B1, 2B2 or 3B3.

Class 1B1 is the highest class of impact-resistant glass and can withstand a 1200 mm drop. Toughened glass and laminated glass fall under this category. Meanwhile, Class 2B2 can withstand a 450 mm drop and Class 3B3 a 190 mm drop.

Different tests cover different types of impact-resistant glazing. If the glass is designed to withstand manual attack, for instance, it's tested to BS EN 356.

In North America, safety glazing is covered by the ANSI Z97.1 standard, while ASTM E1996 and ASTM E1886 relate to wind-borne debris protection in hurricane zones.

How is impact-resistant glass made?

Impact-resistant glass is typically laminated. Laminated glass is made by cutting glass sheets to specific sizes before inserting a plastic interlayer (often polyvinyl butyral). This interlayer sometimes has additional soundproofing or thermal insulation properties.

This glass sandwich is then passed through heated rollers – or, in some specialist applications, processed under vacuum – to remove air. After this, it's heated and subjected to high pressure in an autoclave (a kind of high-tech pressure cooker).

Once cooled, the product is inspected for defects and then trimmed.

Toughened glass is also sometimes classed as "impact-resistant". This is made by heating a standard sheet of standard annealed glass in a furnace at high temperature – around 650°C (1,200°F).

After removal from the furnace, the glass is rapidly cooled or "quenched" using blasts of cold air. This process creates a state of high surface compression, which causes the glass to fracture into relatively blunt fragments rather than large, jagged shards when broken.

What is impact-resistant glass used for?

In coastal areas, impact-resistant glass is used to keep the building envelope intact by stopping the entry of wind and water.

Away from the coast, it's used in both residential and commercial properties to protect against manual attack. In residential properties, it's used for entry doors, sliding glass doors and ground-floor windows. In commercial settings, it's used for shopfront glazing, glass doors and high-traffic areas.

Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is a leading UK commercial glass company . For more industry insights and product guides, visit our free resource hub .

Glass splashbacks for professional kitchens: a restaurateur's guide

Tue, 07 Apr 2026 07:48:26 GMT

Splashbacks are an essential part of any professional kitchen environment. Find out why glass is the best material for the job.

What makes a professional kitchen successful? Like so many things in life, the answer is multifaceted. Asked this question, you might reach for the reputation of the chef, the efficiency of the cooking processes or the quality of the equipment.

Not many of you, we suspect, would reach for the quality of the splashback. Yet these panels are an essential part of any professional kitchen, protecting walls from heat, moisture, grease, splatter and other trickles of the trade.

And in a professional kitchen – especially in a fast-paced commercial environment – this isn't just a question of squeamishness. It's also key to ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations. No kitchen is quite clean enough without splashbacks.

Kitchen splashbacks can be made from a range of materials. Budget options include laminate and PVC, while quartz is used for longer-lasting panels. The restaurateur with an eye for the aesthetic might go for tiles, introducing texture and colour to the kitchen walls.

For our money, however, glass is best – specifically toughened glass . Here are four reasons why.

Why glass is the best choice for kitchen splashbacks

1. It's easy to clean

This is the big one. Glass is non-porous, so it couldn't be easier to wipe splatter off with a damp cloth, liquid detergent or glass cleaner – no scrubbing required.

This is great for professional kitchens, where time is of the essence and multitasking is the norm. Essentially, you don't want to waste time removing dirt from your walls. Instead, you want the process to be simple and non-disruptive to the thousand other things that need to be done.

What's more, because glass splashbacks usually consist of a single sheet of glass, there are no grout lines in which bacteria, mould or grease could gather.

2. It's durable

Most glass splashbacks are made from toughened (tempered) glass. This matters for a couple of reasons.

To understand why, we first need to consider how toughened glass is made. Manufacturers take a pane of standard annealed glass and heat it in a furnace at around 650°C (1,200°F). It's then removed from the furnace and rapidly blasted with cold air.

At the end of this process, the glass is up to five times stronger than when it entered the oven.

This makes it ideal for busy kitchen environments, where it can withstand high temperatures and any knocks or bumps from staff. Meanwhile, its heat resistance makes it an essential choice for a panel fitted behind a hot hob.

But there's another advantage that toughened glass confers. This is its distinctive breakage pattern.

When toughened glass breaks, you see, it doesn't split into jagged shards. Instead, it breaks into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces that can be quickly swept up.

3. Aesthetics

Professional kitchens are primarily functional. But that doesn't mean they have to be plain or unappealing. Glass splashbacks come with a range of design options, meaning your kitchen can be hygienic and stylish.

But even before you look at the design options available, glass is inherently sleek and stylish. Its reflective surface can make the kitchen feel brighter, larger and airier. In a cramped kitchen, this simple addition can help improve morale.

Now for your options. Glass can be digitally printed with a photorealistic design. This could be a pattern, a logo or an image – the sky's the limit. What's more, modern fabrication technology means these designs are fused into the glass and can last as long as the splashback itself.

Your splashback can be mesh-laminated . This involves inserting a textured interlayer between two sheets of glass and laminating the unit. These meshes can look metallic or organic – it all depends on the interlayer you choose.

On a similar note, you can order a splashback fitted with a coloured interlayer . This can help solidify your brand identity through a consistent palette or simply add a pop of colour to your kitchen. And as with printed glass, the options are virtually endless.

Finally, you could have a mirrored glass splashback. Like other toughened glass splashbacks, these are heat-resistant, easy to clean and stylish. The key advantage over standard toughened glass is that they create a sense of space through reflections.

Whatever option you go for, you can be sure that a glass splashback will add aesthetic appeal to your professional kitchen environment. This is good for staff well-being – not to mention your brand reputation if you're visited by a photographer, film crew or content creator.

4. It lasts for years

Toughened glass lives up to its name. Not only is it exceptionally hard to break, but it's also resistant to staining and UV light. This means it can stay in place for years without needing to be replaced.

Yes, the upfront cost is higher than PVC or laminate options. But once it's up, it's going to stay up for a long time, giving you peace of mind and reducing stress in an already stressful environment.

What kind of glass should be used for a kitchen splashback?

Because of its proximity to heat, kitchen splashbacks are made from toughened glass. This can be toughened mirror glass if you want to create a sense of space.

But as we've seen, kitchen splashbacks can be decorated in a variety of ways. When these options include interlayers, the glass is laminated. This means it consists of two or more sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer, as well as any decorative interlayers you wish to include.

The main reason why toughened glass is used for kitchen splashbacks is its heat-resistant properties. But its durability, longevity, aesthetic appeal and distinctive breakage patterns are other advantages that contribute to creating a safe and stylish professional environment.

Are you looking for made-to-measure splashback glass ? At ToughGlaze, we cut, customise and ship high-quality splashback glass to meet the exacting demands of professional kitchens. Don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts to discuss your needs or request a tailored quote.

LED glass in office interiors: feature walls, signage and zoning

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 11:51:49 GMT

Looking for creative office design solutions? Let's look at the benefits of LED glass for walls, signs and zoning.

Offices don't have to look boring. It's a simple truth that somehow gets forgotten again and again and again.

At its best, an office can be a warm, welcoming environment. A place where ideas percolate like coffee and bubble like water in a cooler.

And when these dream elements come together, it's often a case of intelligent interior design. Those warm welcoming spaces are often light, airy and tastefully decorated.

They also tend to feature a lot of glass. After all, there's something about glass that creates a simultaneous sense of openness and cosiness – open-plan yet open-hearted.

In office interiors, glass is a versatile material. It can be printed with the company logo or other branding. It can be used to increase privacy without sacrificing an open-plan feel. And with LED glass , it can be used to bring a world of light into your workspace.

So, what is LED glass and how can it be used in feature walls, signage and zoning? Let's find out.

What is LED glass?

With LED glass, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used to illuminate glass panels.

Typically, an edge-lighting system is used. LEDs lightbars are mounted within a framing system, providing uniform illumination from one or both sides of the glass.

The glass itself can be transparent, translucent or opaque, depending on your design requirements. It can be digitally printed with photorealistic images lit up by the LED lightbars.

And because LED glass can be made from toughened or laminated glass, the resulting display can be resistant to impact, dust and water. Watertight edge-lighting systems are also available, allowing the glass assembly to be installed outdoors, as well as in.

What are the applications of LED glass?

The main aim of LED glass is to make a visual impact. This makes it widely used in both architectural and commercial applications, including office spaces.

Outside of the office, it's used for illuminated art, decorative shelving, edge-lit balustrades, storefront displays and signage in public spaces like airports and train stations.

But it's perhaps in the office that LED glass shines the brightest.

How is LED glass used in office interiors?

Feature walls

In office interiors, LED glass can be used for feature walls. A feature wall is a wall in a room that differs from the others in colour, texture, material or pattern. In short, it's a focal point or feature.

In an office environment, a feature wall can show clients, staff and third parties that you mean business. And because LED glass can be digitally printed, you can combine attractive lighting with company branding.

Illuminated signage

LED glass signs can have printed or sandblasted designs, providing an attractive visual feature that's all but unmissable. Applications include wayfinding signage, compliance signage, branding and smart office integration.

If you're thinking, "Like neon signs?", then yes – LED glass signage covers many of the same applications as neon signs. However, LED glass has four major advantages.

First, LED glass signs can be shatterproof and weatherproof – far sturdier affairs than neon signs with their fragile glass tubes.

Secondly, they consume significantly less energy than traditional neon, making them the material of choice for many environmentally forward companies. They also operate at a low voltage, reducing the risk of shock.

And finally, they can be manufactured in a wider range of colours of designs. That means it's easy to make an LED glass sign mirror your company colours, branding and identity.

Partitions and zoning

As well as feature walls and signage, LED glass can also be used for zoning.

Office zoning is all about strategically dividing a workplace into areas with distinct purposes: a focus zone, a breakout zone or a meeting zone, to take three common examples

This is intended to enhance productivity by tailoring areas of the office to specific tasks. Aside from anything else, it helps control the noise in an office – something that the acoustic properties of glass can also help with.

These zones can be separated by partitions, dividers or walls fitted with LED glass. This can help you create an aesthetically coherent workspace with distinct zones for distinct purposes.

How does LED glass work?

Edge-lit LED glass works by installing a lightbar to the side of the glass. This transmits light through the glass, creating an illuminated effect while still preserving the transparency of the material. With fully programmable RGBW LEDs, a vast spectrum of colours can be achieved.

LED glass is operated on low-voltage DC power and typically controlled via computer software. Increasingly, LED glass can be controlled by smartphones or other smart devices.

What's the difference between LED glass and smart glass?

LED glass consists of safety glass embedded with LEDs. Smart glass (or "switchable glass"), by contrast, is a type of glass that can be switched from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button.

What kind of glass is LED glass made from?

LED glass is often made from toughened or laminated glass. These are both kinds of safety glass. Both are manufactured to be tougher than standard annealed glass and to break safely.

What should you look for in a LED glass supplier?

When sourcing LED glass for your office interior project, you need to make sure you're working with a reputable, experienced and accredited supplier.

By "accredited", we mean a supplier whose products have the Kitemark seal and meet the relevant BS EN standards. These should be clearly displayed on the company website.

What are LEDs?

LEDs are semiconductor light sources. Their low energy consumption and low heat emission make them ideal for everything from street illumination to TV displays, from agricultural grow lights to remote controls.

Are you looking for high-quality illuminated glass ? Our World of Light range is fitted with Spanlite's industry-leading edge-lighting system and can be digitally printed in-house using virtually indestructible ceramic inks. Get in touch to find out more or request a quote.

Luxury interior design and fit-outs: why mesh glass feels premium

Fri, 27 Mar 2026 19:37:48 GMT

Want to add a premium feel to a retail or hospitality environment? Find out the role mesh-laminated glass can play.

Why do some materials feel premium and others don't?

In the case of mesh-laminated glass – a type of laminated glass with a woven metallic mesh texture – it's a combination of a few things.

There's the feeling of intentional design. There's the structural sophistication. There's the tactility created by juxtaposing sleek glass with textured metal.

All this works together to create a crafted, even artisanal look. If you're in a shop or bar with mesh-laminated glass features, you're likely to intuit that the designers were looking for custom solutions, not taking obvious routes.

Yes, mesh-laminated glass gives a premium feel in both retail and hospitality environments. In this article, we explore why.

How mesh-laminated glass is used in retail environments

You won't find mesh-laminated glass in many retail environments. This is because it's undeniably a high-end material.

It's durable and decorative, making facades, partitions, balustrades and displays shine with no compromise on safety. It can enhance branding through custom interlayers and create a sense of sophistication through subtle light diffusion.

What's more, its toughness makes it ideal for high-traffic areas. This is because mesh-laminated glass is, as the name suggests, a kind of laminated glass. And laminated glass is designed to keep its structural integrity in the frame after breaking.

It's also versatile. It can be combined with other kinds of glass and other kinds of materials to create premium visual effects.

Here are some key applications of mesh-laminated glass in retail environments:

Facades and exterior walls
Partitions and dividers
Visual merchandising and displays
Balustrades and staircases
Wall cladding

How mesh-laminated glass is used in hospitality

High-end hotels, restaurants and bars are always looking for ways to communicate a premium aesthetic. A big part of this is the feeling of curation.

In interior design, curation is the sense that objects have been chosen for a reason. It's the difference between the bare functionality of a budget motel and the bespoke feel of an expensive hotel.

And like marble, exotic woods, precious metals and subtle lighting, mesh-laminated glass lets you know that your experience in this hospitality setting has been curated.

Here are some common applications of mesh-laminated glass in the hospitality sector:

Partitions and dividers. These are sometimes found in restaurants and bars to create booths and other separated seating areas.

Decorative wall panels. These act as feature walls or cladding in hotel lobbies, reception areas and restaurant lounges.
Balustrades and railings. These provide safe yet stylish barriers for staircases, mezzanines and balconies.
Bar fronts and splashbacks. These add shimmer and shine to bar areas.
Elevator cabins. These can be internally clad with mesh-laminated glass for a high-end look.
Furniture. Mesh-laminated glass is used for cabinet fronts and tabletops, especially in hotels, bars and restaurants going for a quasi-industrial look.

Interior designers increasingly draw on mesh-laminated glass for hospitality for a reason – or, should we say, several reasons.

First and foremost, mesh-laminated glass contributes to a sense of luxury. Stepping into a room with mesh glass textures is like stepping into a jewellery box.

But it's not all about aesthetics. Mesh-laminated glass is highly safe and highly secure. This is all thanks to the lamination process, which results in a glass product that stays intact when broken.

Premium means privacy. So, it's no surprise that mesh-laminated glass is often used in hospitality settings where customer privacy is encouraged, whether through saloon doors or booth dividers.

Premium means low sound volume. Mesh-laminated glass provides acoustic insulation, softening the sounds for diners and drinkers and contributing to a calm yet classy atmosphere.

Premium means diffuse lighting. The mesh in the mesh-laminated glass unit lets light through while reducing glare.

And finally, premium means cleanliness. The plastic interlayer protects the metal mesh from dust and gunk, making it look as good as new.

Why does mesh-laminated glass feel like a premium material?

There's no denying that mesh-laminated glass feels like a premium material – as premium as cashmere, walnut or gold.

This is for a number of reasons. It's partly the sense of depth created by the laminated mesh glass. It's partly the way its metallic texture blends in with a range of materials, helping create an industrial-chic look.

It's partly the way it acts as a translucent divider – an effect much sought after in modern retail and hospitality spaces. Similarly, the way the glass muffles the sounds of the bar or hotel contributes to a sense of expense.

There's something premium, too, about the combination of materials. Mesh-laminated glass combines solid glass with metal, giving a sense of heft that other materials just don't possess. Meanwhile, the sleekness and coolness of glass suggest quality and quiet taste.

Finally, mesh-laminated glass is highly customisable. The mesh type is variable: from woven to braided to crimped. This means it can be tailored to specific design requirements, creating a sense of curatorship.

At the end of the day, you only have to look at a piece of mesh-laminated glass to see it's a premium product. It's perhaps this visible sense of luxury that has led to its increasing use in the retail and hospitality sectors.

How is mesh-laminated glass made?

Mesh-laminated glass is made by sandwiching a metal mesh layer between two or more sheets of glass with an adhesive plastic interlayer (often PVB or EVA). The glass panes are usually either toughened or heat-strengthened.

This sandwich is then cooked at extreme heat in an oven. The result is a highly durable decorative panel that can be used in a wide variety of settings.

Are you looking for high-quality, made-to-measure mesh-laminated glass? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our range of decorative glass products . We look forward to providing the right materials for the job.

Metal mesh in glass: industrial, luxury or minimal?

Mon, 23 Mar 2026 06:59:57 GMT

Want to achieve an industrial, luxury or minimal look in an interior design project? Find out how mesh-laminated glass can play its part.

One of the great things about glass is its ability to work with a range of styles. After all, this is the material used for everything from cathedral windows to buildings in the world's financial districts.

Mesh-laminated glass is no exception. This versatile product is made from two sheets of glass and a metal mesh interlayer. It's often called upon when architects and designers are going for an industrial, luxury or minimalist look.

As with all elements of interior design, it all depends on what the mesh-laminated glass is working with. But there's no doubt that this product has the uncanny ability to add style where it's needed.

Industrial aesthetics

Metal and glass are materials inextricably associated with industry – from the Crystal Palace, that quintessential industrial building, to the steel-and-chrome buildings from the Bauhaus school.

So, it's no surprise that mesh-laminated glass, with its combination of sleek glass and textured metal, should give an industrial look in a range of settings.

This industrial chic can be found everywhere from actual industrial facilities to bars, restaurants and clubs going for a steampunk vibe. It's most frequently used for partitions, balustrades, wall cladding and feature screens.

It's not just the glass itself that has an industrial look. It's also the way it interacts with surrounding elements. It works well, for instance, with exposed brick and concrete.

Most metal meshes can contribute to an industrial aesthetic when used in the right way and in combination with the right materials. Stainless steel mesh gives a clean, modern look, while bronze and copper look back to a more rustic aesthetic.

Options to explore at ToughGlaze include:

TGM-03-CO-COPPER
TGM-01-BZ-BRONZE
TGM-03-BS-BRASS

See these and the rest of our range on our mesh-laminated glass page.

Luxury aesthetics

While mesh-laminated glass is often used for industrial vibes, it's perhaps most commonly experienced as a luxury product.

In the right setting, mesh-laminated glass has an elegant, sophisticated look that suggests a curator's eye. Walking into a high-end hotel room with mesh-laminated cupboards, for instance, can be like walking into a jewellery store.

In an industrial setting, the metal suggests machinery. But in deluxe settings, the metal has more of a jewellery-like quality – less heavy, more shimmering.

It can be used in a wide range of settings, typically when the designer wants to make a statement. This makes it an ideal choice for elevator cabs, luxury hotel lobbies, retail facades and partitions in offices, restaurants and hotels.

In villas and luxury hotels, mesh-laminated glass can be used for balustrades and railings. Here, it combines the protective function of a balustrade with the exquisite beauty of a piece of jewellery.

In the home, it can be used for kitchen cabinets, wardrobes, tabletops and even feature walls, providing shimmering backdrops for residents and guests alike to enjoy.

If it's luxury mesh-laminated glass you're after, our bronze collection is perhaps your first port of call. In particular:

TGM-06-BZ-BRONZE
TGM-05-BZ-BRONZE
TGM-02-BZ-BRONZE

These designs combine durability with an aesthetic appeal that would make any pharaoh proud. Take a look at them and the rest of our range on our mesh laminate product page.

Minimalist aesthetics

If you're aiming for a minimal look, mesh-laminated glass can also come through – especially if you go for a fine, delicate mesh pattern. Use the glass in a frameless, "free-floating" application, such as a partition or balustrade, and that sense of minimal chic will only be amplified.

Other minimalistic applications for mesh-laminated glass include room dividers that provide partial privacy and glass doors.

As with industrial and luxury looks, it's all about what the mesh-laminated glass is working with. When aiming for minimal, you want to pair the glass with subtle finishes and colours.

And as for the glass itself, aluminium and stainless steel both have the ability to sink into the background while contributing to the atmosphere.

At ToughGlaze, we have a number of mesh-laminated glass products that fit the minimalistic bill. These include:

GM-09-AL-ALUMINIUM
GM-06-SS-STAINLESS
TGM-03-SS-STAINLESS

Explore these and the rest of our range on our mesh-laminated glass page.

Something else to consider: the luxury of privacy

Privacy isn't a style – but it is another common application for mesh-laminated glass. It's often used to create semi-transparent and semi-private partitions. These help split a space into zones without impeding the flow of natural light: the best of both worlds.

What should you look for in mesh-laminated glass?

When sourcing mesh-laminated glass for an interior design project, you should make sure you get it from a reputable, experienced and accredited supplier. Without these attributes, you may end up getting materials that need to be replaced, blowing a hole in your budget and creating avoidable delays.

Your supplier should be able to handle a wide variety of glass products and be happy to answer your questions. And they should be open about their product accreditations, whether that's the Kitemark seal or a BS EN standard.

But before you place your order, there are several things you should check before you press the big button marked "Pay". These include tolerances, lead times and any special project requirements you may have.

How is mesh-laminated glass made?

Mesh-laminated glass is created by sandwiching a metal mesh between two or more panes of glass (often toughened) and bonding them together using high heat and pressure.

A clear interlayer, often PVB or EVA, is then used to permanently seal the components. The result is a highly durable and decorative piece of safety glass that can be installed indoors or outdoors.

Are you looking for high-quality mesh-laminated glass? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our TG MI range today. We look forward to getting you the right materials for your project.

The simple guide to Scottish building regulations for safety glass

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:22:27 GMT

Are you installing glass in a building in Scotland? Find out which building regulations apply to you – and why they matter.

When installing glass in a building, you need to be sure that your materials and installation are compliant with building regulations. These differ from place to place. In Scotland, for instance, they're not the same as the rest of the UK – although they have much in common.

In this article, we break down Scottish building regulations for safety glass – our speciality. But before we go any further, it's important to make a disclaimer.

This article is not intended to serve as a substitute for official building regulations. It is provided for general guidance only. Please refer to the relevant official documentation and do not rely solely on the information presented here.

With that out of the way, what is safety glass, exactly?

What is safety glass?

Safety glass is a category of glass products that includes glass specially treated to be extra-strong and to break safely.

It's manufactured in different ways. All processes, however, have the same aim: to minimise injury in the event of a breakage.

In the case of toughened glass – sometimes known as "tempered" glass – this involves shattering into small, pebble-like pieces. These blunt nuggets are far less likely to cause injury than the shards created by a broken pane of standard annealed glass.

In the case of laminated glass , it involves laminating two sheets of glass together with a plastic interlayer. When it breaks, the glass is more likely to remain in its frame, reducing the chances of injury from falling glass.

Safety glass is commonly used in:

Doors
Low-level windows
Side and rear car windows
Glass stairs
Balustrades
Flooring
Shower screens
Tabletops
Shelves

In some cases, safety glass is mandatory. These applications are similar in different places but not always exactly the same.

What are the Scottish building regulations for safety glass?

Scottish building regulations for safety glass are outlined in the Technical Handbook Section 4.8 . They require safety glass tested to BS EN 12600 standards in "critical locations".

These critical locations include the glass in doors, low-level glazing below 800 millimetres from the floor level and side panels within 300 millimetres of a door.

The same goes for bathrooms and wet areas. The glass in showers, bath screens and any surrounding areas must be safety glass.

Glass used for guarding, such as balustrades and barriers, must comply with BS 6180:2011. This is to ensure they can handle structural loads.

There are also building regulations in the Technical Handbook related to glass markings. Safety glass must be permanently marked with the relevant BS EN standard.

Moreover, glass walls or doors in non-domestic buildings that can't easily be seen must have permanent markings known as "manifestations" to prevent collisions. These should be placed between 850 millimetres and one metre – and between 1.4 metres and 1.6 metres – above floor level.

How do the Scottish building regulations for safety glass differ from elsewhere in the UK?

Broadly speaking, Scottish building regulations for safety glass, as outlined in the Technical Handbook, tend to be more stringent than in the rest of the UK.

In practice, this means that they often require higher performance standards in fire safety and security. On top of this, new safety standards tend to be implemented earlier than in other parts of the United Kingdom.

These broad strokes aside, there are some key differences in Scottish safety glass regulations from the rest of the UK. These are:

Security glazing. Scotland often requires higher security standards for accessible windows and doors, such as the use of laminated glass on ground floors. This differs from England's Approved Document Q.
Fire safety. Scottish building regulations often have stricter standards for glass in fire-rated applications.
High-rise safety. New safety standards for high-rise buildings with regard to cladding and fire resistance have been implemented more quickly in Scotland than in England. In Scotland, for instance, these standards apply to buildings with a storey 11 metres above ground compared to 18 metres in England.
Cleaning safety. Scottish building regulations specifically mention the safe cleaning of windows and roof lights to prevent falls. These include specific requirements related to safety glass.

Despite these differences, the fundamental aim of the safety regulations is the same: to prevent, as far as possible, injury from human impact with glass.

Who enforces building regulations in Scotland?

Building regulations in Scotland are primarily enforced by local authorities. These act as "verifiers" under the Building (Scotland) Act 2003 . Their responsibilities include checking building warrants, inspecting work and issuing completion certificates.

Why are building regulations for safety glass important?

There are two main reasons why building regulations for safety glass are important, in Scotland as elsewhere: safety and compliance.

Let's take safety first. All these regulations exist to make buildings safer places to be. They decrease the likelihood of injury from accidental impact in high-risk, high-traffic critical locations. This is all thanks to the distinctive breakage patterns of laminated glass and toughened glass.

Then there's the question of compliance. Non-compliance with building regulations can have serious consequences. You could be forced to pay for alterations or remove work entirely.

Local authorities also have the power to prosecute, leading to unlimited fines. What's more, missing completion certificates can make the sale of a building more difficult, as well as affect mortgage applications and insurance claims.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we provide architects, designers and installers in a wide range of industries with high-quality toughened and laminated glass. All our products carry the Kitemark seal and are tested to meet relevant BS EN standards.

So, if you're looking for a trusted toughened and laminated glass supplier , get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote. With more than 30 years in the industry, we know how to provide the right materials for the job – right on time and right on spec.

Architecture guide: using mesh-laminated glass for solar shading

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 07:33:15 GMT

Does your architectural project require solar shading? Find out how mesh-laminated glass can help you effectively control light and heat.

Architects work with the elements. It's no exaggeration to say that you can't design a building without considering the Sun.

Yes, that mighty ball of fire in the sky is as big an influence on an architectural project as any stakeholder. Buildings need to be the right temperature all year round. And while some of that can be solved through heating systems, the building itself plays a pivotal part, too.

Take solar shades. Sometimes described as "sunglasses for your windows", these are specialised roller blinds or pieces of glass that control the amount of light and heat that can get in.

By controlling light and heat, they also control the building users' exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Furniture is kept from fading, screen glare is minimised and energy efficiency is improved.

Solar shading comes in different forms. One especially aesthetically appealing option is mesh-laminated glass . This gives you high performance and high aesthetic impact in one durable package.

So, before we take a look at how mesh-laminated glass can help with solar shading, what is mesh-laminated glass, exactly?

What is mesh-laminated glass?

As the name suggests, mesh-laminated glass is a kind of laminated glass . This, in turn, is a type of safety glass made from two or more sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer.

Laminated glass is manufactured in this way to increase its durability. Laminated glass is around six times as strong as standard annealed glass. And when it finally breaks, the damaged pane of glass is designed to stay in its unit. This means a broken piece of glass won't lead to avoidable injuries from falling shards.

Mesh-laminated glass takes the form of laminated glass as we know it and does something new and exciting with it. In this new application, a metal mesh is sandwiched between the panes of glass and then bonded with a plastic interlayer.

The mesh can be made from brass, copper, steel or aluminium, among other kinds of metals. It gives you soft, woven, metallic textures with no compromise on safety or durability.

This makes it a popular option in a wide range of architectural applications. But as well as being tough and easy on the eye, mesh-laminated glass helps with solar shading – a key concern for architects, especially in hot climates.

How does mesh laminate improve solar shading?

By its very nature, mesh-laminated glass can improve solar shading. This is because the metallic woven mesh bonded between the panes acts as a translucent, reflective and absorptive barrier.

It acts like a pair of sunglasses, maintaining the flow of light while minimising glare and (somewhat less like a pair of sunglasses) reducing heat gain.

Some types of mesh-laminated glass can reduce the transmission of solar energy by more than 90%. In this respect, it acts as a kind of passive sunshade – but one that demands no sacrifice of aesthetic value.

The mesh reduces the amount of heat entering the building. This reduces the load on HVAC systems and can help improve energy efficiency, especially in conjunction with other energy efficiency measures.

The laminated nature of mesh-laminated glass means it blocks over 99% of ultraviolet (UV) rays. This stops furniture from fading as well as protecting building users from harmful rays.

Mesh-laminated glass helps building users in another way. It diffuses the light, creating a more comfortable indoor environment with less glare.

Finally, many meshes appear decorative from the outside and see-through from the inside – at least when viewed from a reasonably close position. This protects the privacy of building users while maintaining their view of the outside world.

Where can mesh-laminated glass be used for solar shading?

Mesh-laminated glass can be used in a variety of architectural applications for better solar shading. These include:

Building facades and curtain walls
Skylights and other overhead glazing
Windows and doors
Balustrades and balconies
Internal partitions and screens
Canopies

It can also be combined with insulating glass units (IGUs) for maximum performance.

It can't, however, be used everywhere. This is mostly due to fire regulations and thermal stress risks.

Laminated glass systems are restricted on external walls and balconies on high-rise residential buildings.

When used in the external walls of high-rise residential buildings, schools and some other institutional buildings, the glass will need a fire-rated interlayer rather than a standard PVB interlayer. This precludes the use of a mesh interlayer.

When exposed to partial or uneven shading from balconies, trees or overhangs, mesh-laminated glass needs to be analysed for thermal stress. This is because these applications are more susceptible to thermal breakage.

Finally, mesh-laminated glass shouldn't be used as an internal shading device, such as an interior blind directly behind another pane of glass. Again, this is because of the risk of thermal breakage.

Why is solar shading in architecture important?

Mesh-laminated glass is good for solar shading. But why is solar shading good for buildings?

The answer is multi-faceted. Solar shading helps stop buildings from overheating. It maximises the amount of natural daylight entering a building. And it makes life better for building users by reducing glare.

On top of this, it means building users reach less often for the air con, improving energy efficiency and supporting sustainability goals.

And like all of the best advances in glass fabrication, it does this while looking good and adding decorative interest to buildings of all styles. It's another great example of how glass so winningly combines form and function.

Are you looking for high-quality mesh-laminated glass ? Here at ToughGlaze, we cut, process and deliver best-in-class mesh glass to clients in a range of sectors. Get in touch today to discuss your needs or request a quick, competitive quote. We look forward to providing the materials you need for the job.

Glass Juliet balcony building regulations explained

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 06:55:56 GMT

Are you involved in sourcing materials for a glass Juliet balcony? Get the jargon-free facts you need to stay compliant.

Like all kinds of structural glazing, glass Juliet balconies in the UK must adhere to strict building regulations. This is to ensure safety for building users. The requirements in question are mostly covered by Approved Document K .

Key requirements include:

A minimum height of 1,100 mm from the floor level
The use of toughened or laminated safety glass
The ability to withstand specific load resistances

Before we go any further, it's important to note that this blog post isn't a substitute for the building regulations themselves. If you're sourcing glass for a Juliet balcony, it's your responsibility to ensure the materials and installation are compliant.

Key building regulations and standards

When installing a glass Juliet balcony, the balcony barrier must be at least 1,100 millimetres high from the floor level to the top of the rail.

The balcony glass must be toughened or laminated safety glass . The thickness of the glass typically ranges from 10 millimetres to 21.5 millimetres.

The balcony glass must be designed to withstand specific uniformly distributed loads (UDLs). These are typically 0.74 kN/m in domestic and commercial settings.

Any gaps in the glass barrier must be no bigger than 10 centimetres. This is primarily to ensure the safety of any children using the balcony. Similarly, the design should avoid any structural elements that make it easy for children to climb.

Installation is also covered by building regulations. The structure must be securely fixed. Most use stainless steel fixings to ensure durability and weather resistance.

Finally, the height can't exceed 1,100 millimetres if the balcony is part of a designated fire escape route.

Compliance and planning

Before installing a glass Juliet balcony, you should consult your local building control authority to ensure compliance. They may require a glazing report.

Juliet balconies don't require planning permission so long as they fall within permitted development rights. It's important, however, that you check local regulations. If you fall foul of these, you could be forced to remove the structure.

The design should also comply with British Standards (BS) 6180 . This is the code of practice that covers barriers in and around buildings.

Finally, you should always work with a reputable supplier to ensure high-quality, compliant materials. It's important to note, however, that it's the installer's responsibility to ensure safety and compliance, not the supplier's.

Why is it important to follow building regulations when

installing a glass Juliet balcony?

When installing a glass Juliet balcony, it's important to follow building regulations for two reasons: first, to ensure the safety of the building users and secondly, to avoid fines in the event of a non-compliant installation.

Are you looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass products for a Juliet balcony? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote. We look forward to getting you the right materials for the job.

Designing with texture: the architectural potential of mesh-laminated glass

Fri, 06 Mar 2026 13:00:01 GMT

Looking to add mesh textures to a facade or other architectural feature? Explore the textural potential of mesh-laminated glass.

Form and function haven't always been easy bedfellows. When designing architecture, there's often a gap between an aesthetic vision and practical considerations. In fact, you could say that this gap is where architecture begins and where it blossoms.

That said, it's never been easier to realise architectural ideas – and this is partly because core materials such as glass are now more versatile than ever.

No longer are you forced to choose between high performance and aesthetics. Today's architectural glass covers both bases, whether you're incorporating texture, light control, colour, printed designs or switchable smart glass .

A great example of this is mesh-laminated glass . This is a laminated glass unit with a metal mesh inside. The mesh can be made from brass, aluminium, stainless steel, bronze or copper, and gives you the solar control of glass with the look of metal.

It's a fantastically versatile glass product that can create striking visual effects in all sorts of buildings in all sorts of styles.

In this article, we take a closer look at mesh-laminated glass and how it can help you realise your architectural vision.

But before we go any further, it's important to say that all glass is not created equal. While regulations apply to all glass manufacturers, processors and suppliers, you're not guaranteed the highest quality glass.

For that, you need to look for a reputable, experienced supplier that's happy to talk you through your options and limitations.

What is mesh-laminated glass?

Mesh-laminated glass is a kind of safety glass. This is a broad category of glass products that includes toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") and laminated glass .

Toughened glass is manufactured so that it breaks into many small, relatively harmless pieces rather than jagged shards. It's up to five times stronger than standard annealed glass.

Laminated glass, by contrast, is a unit consisting of two or more panes of glass with a plastic interlayer. When smashed, the interlayer ensures the unit as a whole retains structural integrity, stopping glass from falling and potentially causing injury.

In the case of mesh-laminated glass, you get a laminated unit (sometimes made with panes of toughened glass) with a mesh interlayer. This gives you all the durability, impact resistance, UV protection and sound insulation of laminated glass with an appealing decorative, textured aesthetic.

How is mesh-laminated glass used in architecture?

Mesh-laminated glass has many applications in architecture. It's used in office spaces, hotels and shops for partitions and doors, defining space without blocking light.

It's also used for balustrades and railings, providing barriers for staircases and balconies that are beautiful as well as protective.

Mesh-laminated glass can also be found in curtain wall facades, providing superior solar control alongside a unique, metallic aesthetic. The same goes for feature walls and cladding.

It's also found in facades, skylights and windows. Like other kinds of translucent glass, this allows light to flow while maintaining privacy.

Finally, it can be used for elevators, providing passengers with aesthetic appeal as they travel up and down a building.

These applications are mostly found in upmarket areas, providing a touch of chic to functional architectural features. And because it tends to be installed in high-traffic areas, laminated glass is required to ensure durability and safety for building users.

What are the benefits of mesh-laminated glass in architecture?

The primary appeal of mesh-laminated glass in architecture is its aesthetic appeal. As with many modern glass products, however, the benefits of mesh-laminated glass are functional as well as aesthetic.

The fact that the product is laminated makes it highly safe and secure. Laminated glass is up to six times stronger than standard annealed glass. This makes it exceedingly hard to shatter – and when it does finally break, it's more likely to maintain structural integrity and remain in its frame.

Mesh-laminated glass is versatile. The mesh can be made from a range of metals to suit different requirements. The metal itself can be stylistically diverse, with woven wire, expanded metal, perforated metal and crimped mesh being popular options.

Finally, mesh-laminated glass is great for architectural installations because it balances the flow of light with privacy. Light enters the building without exposing building users to any prying eyes. This can be invaluable in hotels, offices, boutiques and other buildings where privacy is all-important.

What should you look for in mesh-laminated glass?

When choosing mesh-laminated glass for your architectural project, there are a number of things to look out for.

You should ensure you buy a product where the mesh is properly aligned and bonded without air pockets.

You should also ensure the product is made from the right type of glass for your intended use case. This could be toughened, heat-strengthened or annealed glass.

It can be wise to invest in mesh-laminated glass with a waterproof interlayer. Without it, you can't feasibly install mesh-laminated glass in exterior applications, such as curtain walls and external windows.

Finally, you should always make sure that the manufacturer, processor or supplier you're working with has the right credentials.

We mean a few things by "credentials". The firm should be experienced and reputable, with a proven track record of success and positive testimonials.

It should also be able to demonstrate that its manufacturing and processing methods are compliant. Look for the Kitemark seal of approval and compliance with BS EN standards.

How we can help

At ToughGlaze, we provide a wide range of architects with robust and attractive mesh-laminated glass. Like all our products, it's Kitemark-approved and tested to all relevant BS EN standards.

Whatever architectural application you have in mind, our mesh-laminated glass will do the job. Its waterproof interlayer makes external applications possible.

The mesh interlayer can be made from brass, aluminium, stainless steel, bronze or copper, and we'll cut your glass to your exact specifications.

Want to learn more about our mesh-laminated glass? Check out TG ML , our mesh laminate product, or explore specific use cases for mesh glass .

What is the thermal conductivity of glass?

Mon, 02 Mar 2026 15:03:35 GMT

The thermal conductivity of glass is a key consideration when designing and constructing sustainable buildings. Find out more in our guide.

Thermal conductivity is a physical property of all materials. It measures how easily heat flows through a material. Represented in equations by the symbol k, it's measured in watts per metre-kelvin (W/mK).

High-conductivity materials like copper and aluminium transfer heat quickly, while low-conductivity materials like foam and fibreglass transfer it slowly.

Thermal conductivity is an important factor when considering how materials behave. In the case of glass, it contributes to the overall thermal efficiency of a building.

This is because not all glass products are made equal. If you buy low-performance glass for a building project, you're likely to oversee a project with poor thermal efficiency. This can have negative effects on compliance and user comfort.

What is the thermal conductivity of glass?

Glass has a relatively low level of thermal conductivity. It varies from type to type, but generally falls between 0.5 and 1.4 W/mK.

Most of the glass we interact with in daily life, whether in windows or glassware, has a thermal conductivity of between 0.9 and 1.2 W/mK.

To put that in perspective, copper has a thermal conductivity of 401 W/mK, while foam glass is a mere 0.045 W/mK.

What is the thermal conductivity of toughened glass?

The thermal conductivity of toughened (tempered) glass is around 1.1 W/mK. This is similar to standard annealed glass. That's because the toughening process improves strength, not thermal properties.

Does temperature affect the thermal conductivity of glass?

The thermal conductivity of glass remains stable at normal temperatures. It only begins to increase at a temperature of 300°C (572°F) or more.

Does the thickness of glass affect its thermal conductivity?

Yes, the thickness of glass affects its thermal conductivity. Adding thickness to a pane of glass increases its insulating properties.

That said, the impact of thickness is less significant than other factors, such as air gaps in double- and triple-glazed units and low-E coatings.

Why does thermal conductivity matter?

Energy efficiency affects the decisions made by architects, designers and other stakeholders involved in the construction of public and residential buildings. The thermal conductivity of glass is a crucial factor when it comes to ensuring the thermal efficiency of our buildings.

Compared to metals, glass is naturally a poor conductor of heat and can lead to heat loss in buildings. This means thermally efficient products are required to help manage energy consumption, optimise occupant comfort and ensure compliance with building regulations.

Key takeaways

Glass has a low thermal conductivity – between 0.5 and 1.4 W/mK.
Because of this, thermal efficiency in glass is an important consideration.
When sourcing glass for a building project, look for thermally efficient glass

Are you looking for high-quality, thermally efficient glass products? As commercial glass specialists , we've supplied top construction and architectural firms since 1993. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for train stations: safety and durability requirements

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:34:28 GMT

Specifying train station glass means considering factors like safety, strength and regulatory requirements. Get to grips with the basics.

What is glass for? In train stations, it's not just about sight lines. It's also about safety.

It's not difficult to see why. In 2024 and 2025, the Office of Rail and Road reports, there were 1,730 million passenger journeys on the National Rail network. That's 1,730 million accidents waiting to happen.

This means glass in train stations needs to be both safe and durable. The glass itself needs to be able to withstand collisions and other high impacts. It must maintain structural integrity. Often, it must be fire-resistant, too.

In most cases, this means safety glass. For those who don't know, safety glass is a category of glass products that includes toughened glass and laminated glass .

Both types of glass are built for safety and durability – around five times and six times stronger than standard annealed glass, respectively. The main difference between them is the way they break.

How toughened and laminated glass break

Toughened glass is made by heating standard glass in a furnace at an extremely high temperature. It's then removed from the furnace and rapidly cooled.

This heating and cooling process puts the outer surface into compression and the interior into tension. The compressed serve makes the glass much stronger because cracks have difficulty forming and spreading. If it does break, the stored internal stresses cause it to shatter into many small, less dangerous pieces instead of sharp shards.

Laminated glass, by contrast, doesn't shatter at all. Made from two sheets of glass and a plastic interlayer (often but not always PVB), it retains its structural integrity when broken.

Both toughened and laminated glass are used in train stations precisely because they break safely. In the event of an accident, the glass either breaks in a way that's unlikely to injure a passenger (toughened glass) or stays in its frame (laminated glass).

Another reason these two types of safety glass are used in train stations is that they can be fire-rated . This is when the glass is specially treated to slow down the spread of smoke and fire. The result: passengers and staff have more time to evacuate and the emergency services have more time to arrive.

What safety standards govern glass for use in train stations?

In some situations, safety glass is optional. But in train stations, like many other public spaces, the use of safety glass is mandated by building regulations.

Toughened or laminated safety glass has to be used in so-called "critical locations". These include doors, low-level windows and side panels.

In train stations, safety glass is mandatory for all glazed areas below 800 mm from floor level, within 300 mm of doors and in doors themselves.

For frameless or partly framed glass balustrades (and other applications), the glass needs to be a minimum of six millimetres thick.

Whatever the application, glass needs to be visibly stamped with the relevant British or European standard markings. This is to ensure compliance. Non-compliance can lead to a fine.

Toughened glass must comply with BS EN 12150 and laminated glass must comply with BS EN 14449. This is to ensure adequate impact resistance in crowded, fast-paced environments.

Learn more about safety glass regulations and critical locations .

Where is glass used in train stations?

Glass is used in many applications in train stations. These include:

Platform edge doors and screens
Balustrades and barriers
Roofs and skylights
Windows and doors
Facades
Passenger waiting shelters
CCTV housing
Information display screens and ticket machines

As well as these functional uses, glass is often used as an architectural feature. Glasgow Queen Street, for instance, has a huge glass facade, while Birmingham New Street is constructed around a vast glass-and-steel atrium.

These diverse uses are a testament to the versatility of safety glass. These days, no distinction is visible between functional glass and decorative glass. A beautiful glass mural or structural feature like a staircase can be just as sturdy as a functional glass barrier.

Safety glass can be decorated in a variety of ways. You can explore these effects by browsing our decorative glass products . It's not for nothing that we were chosen to supply glass for Heathrow Airport Terminal 2 .

Case study: central London's Elizabeth line stations

Covering 73 km, London's Elizabeth line (formerly Crossrail) carries over 200 million passengers a year. That's about one seventh of all trips by rail in the UK.

As in all UK stations, safety is an essential, not an add-on. For this reason, Brit Glass reports , "Almost four kilometres of glazed platform edge screening [was] installed across central London's Elizabeth line stations, keeping passengers safe with the final segment of the landmark rail project now open."

These glazed barriers have been installed on eastbound and westbound platforms at Paddington, Bond Street, Woolwich, Canary Wharf, Tottenham Court Road, Farringdon, Liverpool Street and Whitechapel.

The glazing itself consists of "two pieces of advanced toughened glass". This makes it compliant with current "barrier safety" and "blast resistance" risk requirements.

The glass was supplied by Pilkington UK to Knorr-Bremse Rail Systems UK. They manufactured and installed the platform edge glazing.

How is glass durability measured?

There are several different ways to measure glass durability. Glass can be tested through mechanical strength testing. This involves measuring the impact of glass through mechanical bending.

Other methods include pendulum impact testing, four-point bending and measuring material degradation over time.

The durability of safety glass is primarily measured through impact resistance tests. This involves dropping a 50 kg weight from a pendulum mechanism onto an 876 mm x 1,938 mm pane of glass. The weight is dropped from different heights to measure the level of impact resistance.

The safety glass is then categorised into classes one through three. The classification depends on the height from which the glass can withstand impact without breaking.

Are you looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass for installation in a train station? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our range of glass processing services online .

Specifying glass for spandrel panels: what you need to know

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:18:45 GMT

Do you need to source glass for spandrel panels? Explore the kinds of glass you can use and key factors to keep in mind.

Buildings are complicated things. In the UK in 2026, making even the simplest and smallest of buildings requires a whole lot of materials – and a whole lot of compliance.

Every piece of the puzzle needs to be manufactured to meet industry standards. The building as a whole, too, needs to meet compliance. Anything less poses a danger to the building users, not to mention the reputations of the designers, architects, management and other stakeholders.

Here at ToughGlaze, we provide a wide range of glass products to a wide range of clients. And we work hard to ensure those products are in line with current Building Regulations and industry standards.

Among the many types of glass we provide are toughened and laminated glass panes for spandrel panels. These are the prefabricated structural panels that are used to conceal unsightly structural elements in curtain wall systems. That includes floor slabs, HVAC and wiring.

Curtain walls use two types of glass: vision glass and non-vision glass. Vision glass can be seen through, whereas non-vision glass is opaque. Spandrel panels need to be opaque – something that has consequences for the type of glass you can use.

Thankfully, there are many types of opaque glass on the market – and because spandrel panels aren't usually classed as "critical locations", you're not restricted to using safety glass.

Nevertheless, there are choices to be made. We hope this guide helps you make them with confidence. And if it's safety glass for spandrel panels you're after, we can supply you with the right materials, too.

What types of glass are used for spandrel panels?

A wide range of types of glass is used for spandrel panels. These are as follows.

Toughened glass

This is our bread and butter here at ToughGlaze. Toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") is heated at an extremely high temperature and then rapidly cooled. The result is a type of glass that's around five times stronger than standard annealed glass – and when it breaks, it does so safely.

Heat-strengthened glass

This is a similar product to toughened glass, but less durable. It's typically used in applications where wind resistance and thermal resistance are priorities, but safety glass isn't mandated.

Laminated glass

This consists of two or more panes of glass (often toughened) bonded with a plastic interlayer. A typical laminated glass unit is about six times as strong as annealed glass. When it finally breaks, the glass is much more likely to stay in the frame, making it ideal for critical locations.

Coloured glass

Coloured glass is often used to match the appearance of the vision glass in a curtain wall. The glass can be tinted with a coloured interlayer . Alternatively, it can be digitally printed or screen printed with a coloured pattern or design.

Low-iron glass

Low-iron glass is used when a more neutral tone is required. This is because low-iron glass has less of a green tint than standard glass.

How is glass opacified (made opaque) for spandrel panels?

There are a number of ways that glass spandrel panels are made opaque. The first is ceramic frit glass. This involves fusing the glass surface with a durable coat of ceramic paint. Alternatively , the back of the glass can be painted or given a layer of silicone.

There are also shadow-box panels. These use clear or tinted glass over a dark backing rather than an opaque coating on the glass itself.

How are glass spandrel panels applied?

There are two main ways that glass spandrel panels are applied. The first is an insulating glass unit (IGU) as part of a shadow box system. This allows the spandrel panels to match the insulating properties of the adjacent vision glass.

The second is as part of a curtain wall system. The spandrel panel covers up structural elements between floors. These include beams, columns, floor slabs, HVAC and wiring.

What should you consider when specifying glass for spandrel panels?

1. Thermal stress resistance

All spandrel glass should either be heat-strengthened or fully toughened for adequate resistance to thermal stress.

2. Heat soak testing for toughened glass

If you use toughened glass, you run the small but real risk of spontaneous breakage due to nickel sulfide inclusions . For this reason, you should work with a supplier that can heat soak test the toughened glass before you install it.

3. Aesthetics

It can be hard to match the spandrel panels to the curtain wall and achieve a sleek, seamless look. You may stand a better chance of achieving this aesthetic consistency with a kind of coloured glass.

4. Opacification

Your glass can be opacified in different ways. Ceramic frit is the most durable option, whereas back-painted glass is more economical.

4. Shadow box construction

If you're using a shadow box, there should be venting between the glass and the insulation. This is to avoid condensation and heat traps.

5. Acoustics

Laminated spandrel glass or acoustic spandrel glass can be used to help soundproof a building.

6. Fire safety

Spandrel panels play a crucial role in stopping the spread of fire. This means the glass you choose for spandrel panels should meet fire rating standards.

This applies to the whole system, too – not just the glass itself. Fire-rated glass must be fitted and insulated in line with fire safety regulations.

7. Edge quality

If you want your spandrel panels to have better edge strength, you may want to specify fully polished edges.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we supply a wide range of glass for architecture – including toughened and laminated glass for spandrel panels. This can be opacified and coloured to match the vision glass.

So, if you're looking for high-quality, accredited, made-to-measure toughened or laminated glass, get in touch with ToughGlaze today . We'll be happy to provide a quick, competitive quote and fix you up with the right materials for the job.

Interior design: glass and its role in material language

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:08:15 GMT

Interior designers love glass for a reason. Explore how it can speak volumes in "material language".

If a room could speak, what would it say?

No, we haven't gone cuckoo. It's a question that interior designers the world over ask themselves in one way or another every time they embark on a project.

Walk into any room, you see, and you pick up cues about the character, intentions and social status of the person who owns it. You also get cues about the mood of the room and even the story it's telling.

These cues come from a variety of places. They come from the decor, the furniture, the layout and the materials. In fact, in interior design, the effect materials have comes with its own name: "material language".

Material language is all about what happens when materials are selected and orchestrated. It mostly refers to the ways that they interact – wood and stone, say, or metal and fabric.

More than that, it's about the sensory experience of materials. After all, interior design isn't just something you look at. It's something you sit in and touch, too. Creative interior designers embrace this, thinking about roughness, smoothness, warmth and coolness as well as appearances.

From these considerations comes atmosphere and personality. So, what role can glass play? The simple answer is "a lot". Here are some examples that show off its versatility.

How is glass used in interior design?

Glass is used in a huge number of ways in interior design. Glass walls and partitions create rooms within rooms, while glass staircases and railings appear to float. Doors slide and pivot, skylights maximise natural light, mirrors reflect and surfaces sparkle.

Glass can also be used to maximise space. If a room is cramped, a mirror can create the illusion of space without the builders coming in and knocking down a wall.

Increasingly, interior designers have sustainability at the top of their agendas. Glass can aid in these efforts, maximising natural light and reducing reliance on electric light.

Finally, glass in all its myriad forms can be used in combination with other materials such as wood, stone and metal. When it comes to glass in material language, the only limit is the designer's imagination.

The role of glass in material language

1. Tactility

Materials aren't just there for visual appeal. They're also tactile – and glass, like other much-used materials, has a lot of tactile potential.

Take sandblasted glass. This is made by blasting sand at a glass surface. It can cover the whole surface with its gritty texture or pick out a stencilled pattern. Meanwhile, some types of anti-glare glass have a velvety smooth feel.

2. Visual texture

This is the big one. Interior design is all about texture – and glass provides it in spades.

The most obvious use of visual texture might just be the mirror. This is because of how the reflections interact with the rest of the room. It's also because the frame itself can be used to bring out and complement textures.

But glass can be textured in all sorts of other ways. It can be tinted any hue under the sun with a coloured interlayer . It can be given a fabric or metal mesh interlayer . With switchable smart glass , it can even be changed from transparent to translucent to opaque with the click of a button.

If you want to introduce patterns to an interior design, you can get glass panels screen printed or digitally printed with a design of your choice.

All this is before you enter the world of material combinations. Glass can be combined with any material effectively – it all depends on the designer's taste.

3. Patina

When designing interiors, people often consider "patina". Patina refers to the sheen that develops on lived-in surfaces – the quality that makes wood look aged, for instance.

Patina gives interiors a sense of warmth, soul and history. In the case of glass, this can come from vintage pieces – old mirrors, for instance, old furniture with glass surfaces or reclaimed stained glass.

Alternatively, you can buy new glass but get it treated in such a way that it has that lived-in look. Coloured glass can be given warm, traditional colours, while screen-printed and digitally printed glass can fill the room with vintage designs.

4. Sensory experience

Aside from the sense of touch, glass – like all materials – can help interior designers create a sensory experience.

Acoustic glass , for instance, can help soundproof a room, making it a more hushed and peaceful environment. Glass cabinets and other pieces of furniture can be fitted with LED lighting to create a dramatic effect.

Last but not least, switchable smart glass can be used to add sensory stimulation to any surface.

Switchable smart glass is a state-of-the-art glass product that can be integrated into a smart home system and changed from transparent to opaque. Whether you have a smart glass window or a partition, tabletop or wardrobe, it adds colour, vibrancy and sensory excitement to any room.

5. Layering and contrast

What does interior design have in common with lasagne, haircuts and fashion? It's all about the layers.

Designers often layer glass with wood, stone and metal. To take just one example, a glass tabletop could be placed over a wooden base or a glass surface fitted with a fabric or metal interlayer .

Another kind of layering can be achieved with backlit glass panels – especially if the glass is textured or printed. This can add a dramatic effect and act as a focal point.

We've covered a lot of possibilities and yet still haven't scratched the surface. Whatever your interior design vision, glass has its part to play. Happy designing!

Are you an interior designer looking for high-quality, accredited glass products? At ToughGlaze, we cut and process all our glass in one state-of-the-art UK facility. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Is heat-strengthened glass a type of safety glass?

Fri, 27 Feb 2026 21:06:51 GMT

Heat-strengthened glass is a versatile glass product used in a range of industries. But does it qualify as safety glass? Let's find out.

When learning about the different types of glass, you'll find that the names used for different products can be confusing.

"Standard glass", "annealed glass" and "float glass" are interchangeable terms, as are "toughened glass" and "tempered glass".

Meanwhile, heat-strengthened glass isn't the same as toughened glass, even tough toughened glass is, by definition, strengthened by heat.

Then there's "safety glass": a term referring to glass that's designed to resist breaking or present less of a hazard when broken.

It can all get a bit complicated. That's why we've put together this jargon-free guide to heat-strengthened glass, safety glass and how it all fits together. We hope it helps you source the right materials for the job.

What is heat-strengthened glass?

As the name suggests, heat-strengthened glass has been strengthened by furnace heat. It's around twice as strong as standard annealed glass and more resistant to thermal stress.

Toughened glass is also strengthened by heat, but is around three times as strong as heat-strengthened glass. It also has a distinctive breakage pattern that makes it a safer option than heat-strengthened glass in most circumstances.

What is safety glass?

Safety glass has been specially treated to be stronger and safer than regular glass. It's installed in locations where public safety is critical.

The most common types of safety glass are toughened glass and laminated glass . These are used in doors, windows, vehicle windscreens and more. Laminated glass is the glass of choice for structural glazing.

Toughened glass

Toughened glass is made by rapidly heating and cooling a sheet of standard annealed glass. This increases the strength around fivefold.

When broken, toughened glass shatters into small, pebble-like pieces rather than jagged shards. It can be processed in a huge number of ways.

Laminated glass

Laminated glass is made from two or more glass layers bonded by an interlayer made from polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or a similar material.

It takes a lot of force to break a laminated glass unit. When it does finally break, the interlayer stops it from shattering. Instead, it keeps its structural integrity.

Is heat-strengthened glass a type of safety glass?

Heat-strengthened glass isn't classified as safety glass. However, sheets of heat-strengthened glass can be laminated, and the resulting unit can be used as safety glass.

Laminated heat-strengthened glass is often used in large facades, windows and structural glazing – in other words, in applications where strength and thermal resistance are essential.

What are the uses of heat-strengthened glass?

Heat-strengthened glass is used where strength against wind loads or thermal stress is needed, and its larger breaks are acceptable. If a location is classed as "critical" by building regulations , heat-strengthened glass isn't an appropriate material.

Let's look at a few specific applications for heat-strengthened glass.

Building facades and curtain walls

Heat-strengthened glass can withstand high wind loads and thermal stress while maintaining flatness. This makes it ideal for large-scale external installations such as building facades and curtain walls.

Its ability to withstand high winds – and, in some cases, snow – is down to its durability. To put this into perspective, heat-strengthened glass is about twice as durable as standard annealed glass.

Meanwhile, its ability to maintain flatness and optical clarity is due to the manufacturing process. Like toughened glass, it's heated at a high temperature in the furnace. When it's taken out, however, it's cooled more slowly.

In curtain walls, heat-strengthened glass is often used in laminated assemblies. This combines the optical clarity and flatness of heat-strengthened glass with the structural integrity and unique breakage pattern of laminated glass units.

Spandrel panels

Spandrel panels are used in opaque areas of curtain walls to hide structural components, HVAC or wiring.

They're commonly made from heat-strengthened glass. This is because they have the strength required to resist high thermal stress and wind stress without the risk of spontaneous breakage sometimes associated with toughened glass.

It's also frequently used in insulated glass units (IGUs) as the outer (and sometimes the inner) pane for spandrels.

Because heat-strengthened glass is not a type of safety glass, it's only appropriate for the "non-vision" (opaque) and non-impact parts of a curtain wall.

Laminated glass assemblies

Heat-strengthened glass is often paired with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or SentryGlas Plus (SGP) interlayers.

The resulting laminated assemblies are used wherever additional strength and post-breakage safety are required. Common applications include overhead glazing, skylights, and balustrades.

In some cases, heat-strengthened glass is laminated with toughened glass. This mixed laminate configuration, frequently used in skylights and other overhead glazing, combines the high strength of toughened glass with the improved post-breakage behaviour of lamination. In other words, it helps to retain glass fragments if the laminate is accidentally broken or in those rare cases of spontaneous breakage.

Cars and other road vehicles

Heat-strengthened glass is often used in cars and other road vehicles to increase passenger safety. Common applications include side windows, rear windscreens and sunroofs, where high resistance to impact and thermal stress is required.

Marine environments

Heat-strengthened glass is also used in marine environments. As with its other applications, it's used wherever resistance to heat, wind and mechanical loads is necessary.

In marine environments, you can find heat-strengthened glass in vessel windows, marine doors and partitions, deck railings and partitions, and ship facades.

And as with the other applications we've mentioned, heat-strengthened glass on boats and other marine vessels is often laminated.

Storefronts

Building regulations typically require storefronts to be made from safety glass, so heat-strengthened glass alone won't cut it.

However, laminated heat-strengthened glass – sometimes laminated with toughened glass, too – is sometimes used for storefront applications. The same goes for other kinds of structural glazing, such as balustrades and partitions.

What are the benefits of heat-strengthened glass?

It's around twice as strong as standard annealed glass.
It offers significant resistance to wind and heat.
It offers superior optical clarity to toughened glass.
It's ideal for laminated assemblies.
It doesn't spontaneously break (although this is a rare occurrence with toughened glass, especially after heat soak testing).

Are you looking for high-quality heat-strengthened glass or safety glass ? At ToughGlaze, we cut and process a wide range of glass products from one state-of-the-art UK facility. Get in touch with our experts today for a quick, competitive quote.

Does laminated glass reduce noise?

Mon, 16 Feb 2026 16:34:00 GMT

Can you use laminated glass for noise reduction? And just how effective is it? Join us as we weigh up the noise-reducing potential of laminate glass.

In architecture, context is key.
You can't divorce a building from its environment any more than you can chip a brick from your neighbour's porch and call it a house. Whether they're designing with it or against it, architects are always considering, questioning and responding to the environment around them.
In urban settings, this often means mitigating the thrum and bustle of the city. Using space-efficient design to make the most of limited footprints. Incorporating green infrastructure to enhance occupant well-being. And, yes, choosing materials carefully to limit noise pollution.
Laminated glass can be a key rider in this noise-abating rodeo. It allows architects to harness abundant natural light and the sleek, modern appeal of glass while shielding occupants from the hubbub of the outside world. But just how effective is it? Let's find out.

The short version: can you use laminated glass for noise reduction?

Yes. Thanks to its thickness and multi-layered construction, laminated glass can act as an effective barrier against noise.
However, its effectiveness depends on several factors. That includes the thickness and weight of the glass, the thickness of its interlayer and the framing system used.
It's also important to consider your use case and adjust your expectations accordingly.
If you want to dull the sound of a busy street, standard laminated glass will do the job and do it well. However, if you need effective soundproofing – in a recording studio, for instance, or an office boardroom – you should opt for specialised acoustic glass. More on that later.

How does laminated glass reduce noise?

Sound, as you'll remember from science lessons, travels through the air as vibrations.

If you want to stop sound from entering a building, you need materials that can either block or absorb these vibrations.Brick walls are very good at blocking sonic vibrations. So is dense drywall and concrete. Laminated glass, meanwhile, excels at absorbing and dampening vibrations.

That's all down to its unique multi-layer construction. Laminated glass is made from two (or more) glass sheets sandwiched together with a polymer interlayer – usually PVB.

This helps dampen sound in several ways:

The flexible polymer interlayer acts as a shock absorber, soaking up sound waves rather than transmitting them.
The two layers of glass vibrate separately, rather than as one monolithic unit. This further disrupts and dampens the sound.
The sheer thickness of the laminate also contributes to noise reduction.

How much does laminated glass reduce noise?

The answer isn't quite, "How long is a piece of string?" But there are several factors to consider, all of which can affect the noise-reducing potential of laminated glass. These include:

The thickness of the glass: generally speaking, the thicker and heavier the glass, the more effective it is at blocking noise.
The type of interlayer used: thicker interlayers absorb more acoustic vibrations and dampen sound more effectively.
The framing system: when it comes to noise reduction, a piece of glass is only as effective as its frame. That's why it's crucial to choose a suitable framing system. An inadequate or improperly installed frame could drastically reduce acoustic performance.
The presence of an air gap: an insulated glass unit (IGU) fitted with laminated glass will generally perform better than a single pane of laminated glass. That's because the air gap between panes also helps deaden sonic vibrations.

That's a lot of factors to think about – but this isn't unique to laminated glass. Noise reduction is a complicated science that requires careful consideration of material properties, location and installation. That goes for any material – glass or otherwise.

With all that said, let's look at different types of glass and their typical noise reduction levels – keeping in mind that real-world performance can vary.

It's worth noting, too, that laminated glass is particularly good at blocking mid- and high-frequency sounds. Speech and traffic noise largely fall into this category, so that's good news if you're trying to block out urban noise pollution.
However, standard laminated glass isn't optimised for blocking low-frequency (bassy) sounds, such as heavy machinery. If these sounds are in the sonic picture, you'll need to use a specialised acoustic laminate instead.

Can laminated glass increase noise?

Under very specific circumstances, yes.

If laminated glass is installed in an IGU with another pane of glass of the same thickness, these panes will resonate at the same frequency. That's bad news because it means certain sounds will be amplified, not dampened. This is known as the "coincidence effect".
In practice, this is rarely an issue. Any good IGU supplier knows how to mitigate the coincidence effect – chiefly by using panes of different thicknesses – and can advise on strategies to reduce its impact.

Soundproofing glass: specialised laminated glass for noise reduction

Laminated glass is effective at reducing noise – especially mid- or high-frequency noise. However, it was never designed for this purpose. It's more of a happy accident than a headline feature.

If you need serious soundproofing, rather than simply dulling background noise, you'll need a product designed from the ground up for noise reduction.

That's where specialised soundproofing glass can help.

Soundproofing glass (or "acoustic glass") is a type of laminated glass incorporating an extra-thick polymer interlayer – often with a soft core. This special interlayer is much more effective at absorbing and dampening sound.
While standard laminated glass typically achieves 33 to 34 Rw, acoustic glass installed in a suitable IGU can yield 48 Rw or more. Specialised acoustic partitions can take things even further, achieving up to and beyond 55 Rw. At that level, loud speech is reduced to a faint muffle or rendered completely inaudible.

Acoustic glass can also be optimised to absorb bassy frequencies – something that standard laminated glass struggles with.
However, it's important to remember that glass is only as good as its frame. To make the most of acoustic glass, it's vital to choose an equally specialised framing system – whether that's an acoustic IGU or a soundproofing partition system. At ToughGlaze, we've developed TG AG – a highly capable acoustic glass product that's custom-made and cut to size based on your specification. Get in touch with our UK experts today for a quick, competitive quote.

Does laminated glass block UV?

Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:50:00 GMT

Laminated glass has many benefits across a range of applications. But does it block UV rays? Find out in our glass guide.

Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a kind of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun and other light sources. Doctors warn against too much exposure to them, citing health risks like skin cancer, premature ageing and eye problems like cataracts.
Sun hats, sun cream and other products all act as defences against UV. But did you know that glass can also play a role?

How laminated glass blocks UV

Laminated glass is a type of safety glass made from at least two panes of glass and a plastic interlayer.
The primary purpose of this interlayer is to ensure that the glass unit maintains structural integrity even when shattered. This makes it an ideal product for locations where extra safety is required.
This interlayer serves other functions. It can reduce the transmission of sound, heat and UV rays. In fact, a PVB interlayer or similar can absorb over 99% of UV rays.
By stopping UV rays from passing through the glass, these interlayers don't just protect building occupants from sun damage. They also help stop interiors and furnishings from fading.

Do other types of glass block UV?

All types of glass block UV – but they don't block it in equal amounts.
Standard glass blocks most of the UVB rays. These are the rays that cause sunburn and skin cancer. However, it lets a lot of the longer-wavelength UVA rays through. These reach deep into the skin, causing ageing and also contributing to cancer.
Specialised types of glass are much better at blocking UVA rays. Low-E glass, tinted glass, frosted glass and laminated glass all offer greater protection than standard annealed or flat glass.

Laminated glass is specifically designed to reduce UVA transmission. Alongside its durability and post-breakage safety, this is why it's so often chosen for windows, skylights and car windscreens.

What are the other advantages of laminated glass?

Laminated glass isn't just about UV protection. It also offers a high level of resistance to manual attack.

It takes a lot of force to break laminated glass. When it finally breaks, it doesn't break into shards like annealed glass or smithereens like toughened glass . Instead, the outer pane cracks like a spider's web, but the unit retains structural integrity. This can help reduce the risk of the glass or its fragments falling out of its frame.

What is UV?

UV is a type of electromagnetic radiation from the sun and other light sources. It's invisible to the human eye and has shorter wavelengths than visible light.
UV plays a role in vitamin D production in humans. But when overexposed, it can also cause skin damage and cancer.There are three types of UV rays. UVA rays reach deep into the skin, causing ageing and contributing to cancer. UVB rays cause sunburn and most cancers related to sunburn. Meanwhile, UVC rays are blocked by the Earth's atmosphere.
Are you looking for glass that blocks UV rays? At ToughGlaze, we cut, process and deliver high-quality laminated glass products from our state-of-the-art Bedford facility. Don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

How is mirror glass made?

Mon, 09 Feb 2026 09:11:00 GMT

Mirror, mirror on the wall – what are you made from, after all? Find out in our jargon-free glass guide.

Mirrors are everywhere – and they've been around for millennia. While their function has stayed the same, the manufacturing process has changed considerably since the polished obsidian mirrors made in modern-day Turkey some 8,000 years ago.
It's not just that we've shifted from stones to glass as the primary material. It's also that the coatings used are different – and safer than the mercury backings used between the 15th and 19th centuries.
But how is mirror glass made, exactly? Despite its ubiquity, many people couldn't give you a satisfactory answer to this question. It's as mysterious an everyday phenomenon as Bluetooth and WiFi.
Well, there's a short answer and a long answer. The short answer is that mirror glass is a sheet of float glass with a reflective layer of silver or aluminium and a protective layer of copper and paint.
The longer answer takes the process into account:

How the glass is first polished and cleaned
How a tin chloride solution helps the silver bond to the surface
How the copper and paint are added and why

Let's look at this process in more detail.

The mirror glass manufacturing process

1. Preparation

First, you take a piece of float glass. Also known as "annealed" glass, float glass is a product made by floating molten glass on a bath of liquid tin. It was invented by Sir Alastair Pilkington and his team in the 1950s and is now the bedrock of the glass industry.
The float glass is cut to size, ground (smoothed) and thoroughly cleaned. All contaminants need to be removed. To this end, water, brushes and polishing agents are used.

2. Tin coating

Next, a layer of liquefied tin chloride is sprayed onto the back of the glass. This acts as a bonding agent for the silver.

3. Silvering

It's silvering time. A silver nitrate solution (mixed with an activator) is applied to the glass. This reacts with the tin chloride to form a thin silver layer – a layer which, crucially, is reflective.

Silver nitrate is a versatile chemical compound first used to make mirrors in 1835 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig. It replaced mercury, a toxic element that created severe health risks during the manufacturing process and from vapours released as the mirrors aged.

4. The copper layer

Once the silver nitrate and tin chloride have reacted to form a thin reflective layer, a copper layer is sprayed over the silver. This protects the silver, stopping it from tarnishing, oxidising and degrading.
Some manufacturers no longer use copper layers, choosing instead to add a passivating coating. This is partly for environmental reasons and partly because the new coatings offer superior corrosion resistance and longevity.

5. Painting

Once the copper layer or passivating layer has been added, one or two coats of protective paint are applied. This acts as a seal and adds another layer of protection to the underlying reflective surface.

6. Finishing and cutting

Finally, the finished sheet of glass is washed in acid, inspected for flaws and then cut into the shapes and sizes the client has requested. The edges can then be polished or bevelled.
Some mirrored glass is toughened (tempered) . This is a manufacturing process that creates a highly durable safety glass product.
In the case of toughened mirror glass, the glass has to be cut before it's fired. This is because toughened glass shatters into thousands of small, blunt pieces when cut after firing.

How has mirror glass changed over time?

In premodern times, mirrors were made of stone rather than glass. They started to be made from glass in the first century AD in Sidon (modern-day Lebanon). There, metal coatings such as lead and gold leaf were applied to glass.
By modern standards, these early glass mirrors were small and rudimentary. Mirrors started to resemble the products we use today in 16th-century Venice, then the global centre of the glass trade.

These mirrors were backed with mercury and were luxury items. It was only with the invention of silvering by Justus von Liebig in 1835 that mirrors could be mass-produced.
Mirror glass is still evolving as a product. Copper is increasingly being replaced by eco-friendly passivating coatings. Some mirrors are now made from switchable smart glass , a kind of glass that can be switched on and off and dimmed via a smart system.

Can mirrors be made from toughened glass?

Yes, mirrors can be made from toughened glass. Such products combine the functionality of a mirror with the durability and distinctive breakage pattern that qualifies toughened glass as a kind of safety glass.

Toughened glass (or laminated glass ) has to be used in what UK building regulations term "critical locations". This refers to areas in buildings where accidental human impact is likely. This includes doors, side panels and low-level windows.
Toughened mirror glass is used for critical locations in high-moisture areas such as public bathrooms, public kitchens, gyms and shopping centres. It's also used for furniture, including tables, shelves and wardrobes, as well as car wing mirrors.

About our mirror glass

Here at ToughGlaze, we supply a wide variety of glass products. This includes TG REFLECT – mirrored glass that's cut to your requirements and built to last.
As with all our products, the options are plentiful. You can come to us for a low-iron, silver or tinted mirror. Borders, logos and other designs can be sandblasted or digitally printed onto the glass. And the edges can be polished or bevelled – whichever you prefer.
The glass can also be toughened. Our toughened glass complies with BS EN 12150 and comes with the Kitemark stamp of approval, giving you peace of mind when installing mirror glass in a critical location.
And because we do everything onsite – cutting, processing and delivery – you know who to call in the unlikely event there's a problem.
So, if you're looking for high-quality custom mirror glass , don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

Shop window glass regulations explained

Fri, 06 Feb 2026 14:50:00 GMT

Are your shop windows and other glazing compliant? Get the lowdown on shop window glass regulations in the UK.

Like all types of glass, shop window glass is tightly regulated in the UK. If your glazing isn't compliant with these regulations, you could face a fine or even imprisonment.
There are two reasons for these regulations. First, they exist to protect people who use your shop. And secondly, it's to keep your commercial property safe in the event of a break-in or act of vandalism.
This article is intended as an overview of these regulations and is in no way a substitute for the regulations themselves. Be sure to do your own research and consult an expert if you're unsure.

What Building Regulations apply to shop window glass?

Three documents from UK Building Regulations apply to shop window glass: Approved Document K (Part K), Approved Document L and Approved Document B.

Approved Document K (Part K) – safety glass in critical locations

Approved Document K (Part K) regulates the kinds of glass you can use in areas where people might collide with glazing. In these "critical locations", the glass must either be safety glass that breaks safely and resists impact or be shielded from people by a barrier.
As well as shop windows, this applies to glazing in doors, side panels next to doors, internal glass partitions and glazing near stairs and ramps.
Safety glass can either be toughened glass (also known as tempered glass ) or laminated glass .

Approved Document L – U-value and installation standards

Approved Document L stipulates that new or replacement shop windows must meet minimum U-values and insulation standards.

Approved Document B – fire safety

Approved Document B states that windows, walls, doors and partitions that resist fire must be fire-rated. Fire-rated glass is tested to BS EN 1363 and BS EN 1634 standards and must meet integrity and insulation ratings.

What legislation affects shop window glass?

Legislation also governs the use of glass in shop windows. The Equality Act 2010 covers accessibility requirements for people with disabilities.
Shop window glass must be clearly marked with manifestations – vinyl strips, signs or patterns at set heights – to accommodate people with visual impairments.
Fire safety is also covered by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.

More shop window glass FAQs

Are you looking for high-quality safety glass ? ToughGlaze has supplied retail businesses, architects and construction firms for more than 30 years. Get in touch with our experts today for a quick, competitive quote.

New year, new suppliers? Evaluating construction procurement

Mon, 02 Feb 2026 08:35:00 GMT

Is your construction firm considering changing suppliers? Find out when the time is right and how to go about it.

The success of a construction project depends on many things.
Yes, you need a talented team of engineers, surveyors and architects. Yes, you need an adequate timeframe. But neither of these will pave the road to success without high-quality goods. And to get those goods, you need to think hard about procurement.
At its most basic, procurement means getting the goods you need for a project. It's often achieved through a procurement framework. This is a long-term contract with suppliers that sets out terms, conditions and pricing.
The advantage of a procurement framework is clear. It enables buyers to save time and reduce risk when procuring goods, ensuring compliance in the process.
The problem with procurement frameworks is that they can lead construction firms (and construction-adjacent firms) to become dependent on suppliers. This can become a problem if the supplier becomes unreliable or their cost-effectiveness is surpassed by a competitor.
As we enter the new year, could it be time for you to reevaluate your construction procurement? Are you getting the best-quality materials at the best price? To answer that question, we must look at why, when and how it can be important to ring out the old and ring in the new.

Why you should evaluate construction procurement

The simple reason you should evaluate construction procurement is that procurement isn't just about getting materials delivered to your door. It's a strategic decision that will have a direct impact on the success or failure of your construction project.
Your choice of supplier will affect your budget, of course. But it will also affect the timeliness of your delivery, the quality of the finished project and your ability to manage risk.
A thorough evaluation will help you identify the most cost-effective suppliers (not to be confused with the cheapest). It takes into account issues like hidden costs, budget overruns and unnecessary purchases. This can translate into savings and profits without compromising quality or safety.

Secondly, evaluating construction procurement helps ensure materials, equipment and services are available when needed. This is a key factor in keeping your project on time – and avoiding costly, time-consuming delays.
These kinds of delays are related to another area that evaluation can help with: supply chain risk mitigation. You don't need us to tell you that supply chains are less than ideally reliable right now. Regularly reviewing your suppliers can help you stay on top of supply chain disruptions.
Every project has to be completed in accordance with industry standards – and an evaluation of construction procurement helps ensure your materials meet widely recognised quality standards. This drastically reduces the risk of having to rework or redo parts of a project because of inadequate materials.
This emphasis on compliance also helps establish clear roles and responsibilities, enhancing accountability and building trust. This is especially important on complex projects with a range of stakeholders.
Finally, evaluating construction procurement can help you find suppliers you can establish long-term working relationships with. This can have a critical impact on the success or failure of your project – no matter what sector you're in and what materials you're using.

How to evaluate construction procurement

There's more than one way to evaluate construction procurement – but whichever method you choose, accuracy is all.This means defining clear, weighted criteria. These typically include cost, quality and time. Are you getting the best bang for your buck? Is it delivered in a timely fashion?
When we say "best bang for your buck", we don't simply mean the cheapest. We mean the most economically advantageous. After an impartial evaluation, you may find that a slightly more expensive supplier is the best for you.
It's important to evaluate construction impartially. This means assembling a team or nominating staff who don't have a vested interest in retaining certain suppliers.
Finally, you should use metrics to define success and failure. Objectivity is all-important when deciding which suppliers to work with.

When to evaluate construction procurement

When it comes to evaluating construction procurement, there's no time like the present. Many businesses institute regular formal reviews, often quarterly or twice yearly. There are, however, specific times when it can be advisable to take a look at your procurement.
This could be the cause in the run-up to a contract renewal. In this case, it's worth planning ahead as you'll need to line up a replacement supplier when your existing contract expires.
You may also want to evaluate your suppliers if you spot a drop in your performance – or theirs.
Finally, you may want to evaluate your suppliers when there's a change of management. This can be a great time to spot any oversights holding back the overall success of your construction projects.

What to look for in a suppliers

There are many things to look for in a supplier. But in our view, two are indispensable: good communication and industry accreditations.
Good communication can sometimes seem like a needle in a haystack. Many suppliers are difficult to pin down, whether on a specific issue or at all. If your suppliers aren't cutting the communicative mustard, it may be time to look elsewhere.Good communication is a sign of trustworthiness and can be the beginning of a valuable long-term relationship.

Industry accreditations, meanwhile, are a reassurance that your suppliers have your customers' interests at heart – not least because it shows that they meet industry standards for safety.

How we can help

Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted glass processing firms. We provide businesses in a wide range of sectors with high-quality processed glass products.
All our products are cut, processed and fired here at our state-of-the-art facilities and can be extensively customised to meet your project requirements.
So, if you're looking to change glass suppliers , don't hesitate to contact us for a no-obligation chat . We'll have you fixed up with the right materials at the right price in no time.

Glass stickers vs glass printing: which is best for branding?

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 16:33:00 GMT

Are you looking to put your business branding on glass? Explore the pros and cons of glass stickers and glass printing.

One of the best things about glass is its versatility. This is, after all, a material used for everything from champagne flutes to elevators.
But did you know it can also be a great material for branding? Logos, patterns and text can be applied to windows, partitions and signs. The glass itself can be coloured to match your brand palette or frosted for extra privacy.
This kind of glass-based branding adds an undeniable touch of class – even futurism – to your business premises, whether that's an office, a store or a warehouse.
So, how do you do it? Well, there are two main ways to get your brand on glass: stickers and glass printing. Glass stickers, known in the States as "decals", are adhesive-backed films that you stick directly onto glass. Glass printing, by contrast, involves printing onto glass using special inks. In our case, that means ceramic inks that fuse directly into the glass.
This brief description alone tells you the big difference between the two methods. One is cheap, cheerful and temporary. The other is premium and permanent.
The method you choose will depend on your business goals, budget and aesthetic. Are you looking for a budget option? Is it for a temporary application? Glass stickers can do the job just fine. If, however, you want a design that lasts as long as the glass itself, glass printing is the way to go.
Glass printing is a slightly more complex topic than glass stickers because it comes in two forms. Glass can be digitally printed or screen printed. Work with the right processor, and both can be excellent choices – but you will need to decide between the two.

What are glass stickers?

Sometimes, the names of glass products take a bit of deciphering: "toughened glass" , say, or "smart glass" . Glass stickers, however, do just what they say on the tin.
Backed with an adhesive, these stickers can be applied directly to the glass surface, be it a window, partition or other design feature.

Advantages of glass stickers

Glass stickers are a budget-friendly option. This makes them ideal for short-term promotions, seasonal campaigns and small-batch productions. If you're hoping to promote something else in six months, there's no real point in getting your branding digitally printed or screen printed onto your building.
Glass stickers are easy to install – and, crucially, easy to remove. Glass printing is like a permanent tattoo. You need to be sure you'll still love the design in a decade's time. Glass stickers, by contrast, can be switched up with ease.
In terms of designs, glass stickers can be as complicated as you like – just take a look at any lamppost in a city centre. They can be multi-coloured, photorealistic, intricately designed, even holographic.

Disadvantages of glass stickers

There are three main disadvantages to glass stickers. The first is that they're vulnerable to peeling, bubbling and fading over time. This is especially true in high-traffic areas, such as offices, or in an external setting where they're exposed to the elements.
Left for too long, glass stickers can also end up looking a bit worse for wear, with dirt accumulating around the edges like dust bunnies. This can create work for your cleaners that glass printing precludes.
In our view, however, the main disadvantage of glass stickers is simply that they look less good, both aesthetically and in terms of brand reputation. Printed glass tells customers you mean business – and the design is long-lasting as well as beautiful.

What is glass printing?

Glass printing means, quite simply, printing onto glass. This is more complicated than it sounds. For many centuries, the glass industry tried and tried – and failed and failed – to make inks adhere to glass.
At ToughGlaze, we harness the latest glass printing technology. This involves fusing special ceramic inks into the glass itself. That means the design is in the glass – not simply stuck on top of it.
There are two main types of glass printing: screen printing and digital printing . Glass screen printing uses a mesh stencil to press ceramic inks into the glass. Digital glass printing applies them using inkjet technology.

Advantages of glass printing

Both glass printing methods deliver a high-end, seamless look. This, in turn, makes staff, customers and third parties all feel that your brand has credibility – not to mention a workspace that's pretty as well as productive.
Printed glass is scratch-resistant, fade-resistant, peel-resistant and wrinkle-resistant. This is true even if it's installed in an area with high human traffic or, in the case of movable partitions, gets handled daily.
Glass printing is a long-term solution – and like so many long-term solutions, it's better for the environment. Glass stickers are short-term, disposable products that get chucked when your campaign is over. Printed glass, by contrast, is a more sustainable investment.

Disadvantages of glass printing

Of course, glass printing isn't for everyone. If you want a budget-friendly option, glass stickers are preferable. And perhaps more importantly, glass printing can't be updated. If you merge with another company, change your logo or change your slogan, you'll have to remove and replace the whole unit.
Perhaps these concerns apply to your business. If not, we highly recommend printed glass – especially if the glass itself is of an equally high quality.

Conclusion

Branding on glass is like a tattoo. Are you looking for something permanent or temporary? This is the key consideration when choosing between glass stickers and glass printing.
Budget plays its part, of course – and many companies that opt for glass stickers do so for financial reasons.
But if budget isn't a pressing concern, your main consideration should be how long you want the branding to last. Do you want a window, partition or other glass design feature that serves as a piece of physical branding? Or do you want a temporary solution to push a short-term campaign?
Whichever you choose, you need the glass itself to be up to the job – and here at ToughGlaze, we provide glass products that are durable, compliant and versatile.
So, if you're looking for affordable and versatile glass printing services, get in touch with us today for a quick, competitive quote.

How much does glass weigh per square metre?

Mon, 26 Jan 2026 12:27:00 GMT

How much do different kinds of glass weigh per square metre? Learn the equations you need in our glass guide.

When specifying glass for a project, it's important to calculate the weight. To achieve this, you need the following equation:
Weight (kg) = Length (m) × Width (m) x Thickness (mm) × 2.5This applies to all types of glass.

Step-by-step method

Get the length, width and thickness of the glass panel.
Convert the units. Make sure the length and width are in metres (m) and the thickness in millimetres (mm).
Calculate the area. Multiply the length (m) by width (m) to get the area in square metres (m²).
Multiply the area (m²) by the thickness (mm).
Calculate the weight. Multiply the result from step four by 2.5 to find the weight in kilogrammes (kg).

Example

Let's say you have a glass panel that's 1.7 metres long, 0.5 metres wide and 12 millimetres thick.

Calculate the area: 1.7m x 0.5m = 0.85m²

Multiply area by thickness: 0.85m² x 12mm = 10.2

Calculate the weight: 10.2 x 2.5 = 25.5 kg

How much do different kinds of glass weigh?

Annealed glass usually weighs the same as toughened glass . This is because toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") is processed using heat. This doesn't add or remove any material from the finished glass unit.
Laminated glass is generally heavier than toughened glass of the same size. This is because it consists of two (or more) layers and a plastic interlayer. The interlayer will add a slight weight per layer which will be reflected in the overall weight.

Double-glazed and triple-glazed units have additional thickness thanks to the spacer and sealant. A 4mm double-glazed unit is roughly 22 kg/m² as opposed to 20 kg/m² for toughened glass. Triple glazing is about 50% heavier than double glazing.

Why is the weight of glass important?

The weight of glass is important for a number of reasons. These include:

1. Safety

Knowing the weight of glass is essential information when planning manual handling procedures and carrying out risk assessments.
Without a precise calculation, construction teams won't know how many people are needed for a manual lift or whether specialised handling equipment is required.

2. Structural integrity

Architects and engineers need to make sure supporting glass frameworks can bear the weight of the structure itself (the so-called "dead load"). An incorrect calculation can compromise the structural integrity of the whole.

3. Logistics

The weight of glass affects the mode of transport used to carry it, along with fuel costs and the maximum load capacity of delivery vehicles.

4. Compliance with building regulations

By taking care over weight calculations, suppliers, construction companies and other parties can avoid costly redesigns and ensure that the overall project meets industry regulations.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass, cut to size ? Don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote – or explore our range of products online .

UK glass regulations: a quick-reference guide

Sat, 24 Jan 2026 01:16:00 GMT

Are you looking for a list of UK glass regulations? Our bookmarkable resource has got you covered.

All large-scale building projects in the UK are governed by building regulations. There are two main regulatory sources to be aware of:

The UK government's official Building Regulations, which set the legal minimums for building projects
The British (BS) and European (BS EN) standards, which provide guidance and best practices to achieve compliance with regulations

This article is intended as a quick-reference guide to these regulations as they apply to glass. It is not in any way a substitute for the regulations themselves. Always refer to official documentation. If in doubt, seek professional advice.

Where safety glass is required

Building Regulations Approved Document K (Protection from falling, collision and impact)

This document covers the measures builders should take to protect the public from falling, collision and impact.It sets standards for stairs, ramps, ladders, guarding and glazing. It specifies safety glass (toughened or laminated) in large panes, doors and low windows.

Read Building Regulations Approved Document K here .

Glass manifestations

Building Regulations Part M (Access to and use of buildings)

This document lays out standards surrounding the access and use of buildings. It focuses on people with disabilities or limited mobility and covers topics including approach, entry and facilities. It applies to both dwellings and non-dwellings.
Part M is relevant to the supply and use of glass because it requires glass in entrance doors and screens to have manifestations (markings) at two height levels to ensure they're visible, thereby preventing collisions.
Read Building Regulations Approved Document M here .

The impact safety of flat glass in buildings

BS EN 12600

BS EN 12600 is the European standard for the impact safety of flat glass in buildings. It classifies glass into three classes (1, 2 and 3) according to the results of a pendulum test, carried out from different drop heights (1200mm, 450mm and 190mm).

This drop test simulates impacts and ensures that glass breaks safely before going to market. It also dictates the kinds of glass required for locations such as doors and low-level windows.
Read BS EN 12600 here .

BS 6206

This is the older standard for impact safety. It's still referenced, despite having been replaced by BS EN 12600.

Fire safety

Approved Document B (Fire Safety)

Approved Document B (Fire Safety) mandates fire-rated glass in specific locations. The specifications for fire-rated glass are covered by BS EN 1363, BS EN 1634 and BS 476.
Read Approved Document B (Fire Safety) here .
Read BS EN 1363 here .
Read BS EN 1634 here .
Read BS 476 here .

Balustrade glass

BS 6180:2011: Code of practice for barriers

BS 6180:2011 is the British Standard that lays out the regulations surrounding the design and construction of barriers. These include balustrades, handrails and guardrails.
These regulations are there to protect members of the public from falls and hazards by specifying requirements for materials, structural integrity, height and load resistance.
Read BS 6180:2011 here .

Why is it important to follow UK glass regulations?

Manufacturers, suppliers, designers, builders, landlords and others follow UK glass regulations in the interests of public safety. Compliance with these regulations also acts as legal protection from liability in the case of an accident.
ToughGlaze is a trusted UK toughened glass supplier founded in 1993. For more glass guides, visit our free resource hub .

3 proven procurement strategies in construction

Mon, 19 Jan 2026 08:49:00 GMT

Time to refresh your procurement strategy? Explore 3 ways to manage procurement of construction materials.

If you work in construction, you don't need us to tell you all about the importance of procurement – still less the challenges faced by so many in the industry.
Material prices yo-yo up and down. Supply chains are about as smooth as a cactus farm. Budgets overrun. The technology you use lets you down. The suppliers and other third parties you work with let you down, too.
All of this matters because it leads to delays and errors in already complex and stressful projects. Without a tried-and-tested procurement strategy, you're unlikely to deliver on time and within your budget.
So, what's the answer? Well, if it could be summed up in a sentence, you wouldn't be scouring the internet for answers. The truth is that successful procurement depends on a range of interlocking factors.
Your workflows need to be connected. Your materials need to be visible at all stages of the supply chain. But most of all, perhaps, you need a strategy.
There are three main procurement routes:

Design-bid-build
Design and build
Management contracting

Each comes with its own advantages, disadvantages, challenges and opportunities.

On top of this, you can't overstate the importance of a strong relationship with your suppliers – and a good choice of supplier in the first place. Without this, you're putting your project at the mercy of people without your best interests at heart.
It's not easy. But with a bit of planning and a lot of oversight, your construction firm can adopt a procurement strategy that puts profitability first. Here are three ways to do it.

Proven construction procurement strategies

1. Design-bid-build

Design-bid-build is a traditional and widely used procurement method in the construction industry. It splits delivery into two sections. First, the client hires a design team of architects and engineers to complete the design. Next, a contractor is chosen through a bidding process. They set to work on construction.

The main advantage of this method is that it provides cost certainty. By splitting the project into distinct phases, the project as a whole becomes easy to document. What's more, the client has a high level of control over the final design.There are two main disadvantages. First, the fact that one stage follows another can lead to delays. Secondly, the contractor's lack of involvement in the design phase can create issues when construction begins.

2. Design and build

Design-bid-build involves splitting the project into two stages, each with its own team. Design and build (D and B) makes a single contractor responsible for both the design and construction of the project.

The advantages of this procurement strategy are clear. The project gets delivered faster – and responsibility is clearly allocated. Overall, projects delivered under the D and B strategy tend to cost less than their traditional counterparts.
Conversely, the client has less control over the design than in a design-bid-build strategy. What's more, the focus on cost efficiency can negatively impact the quality of the finished project.

3. Management contracting

In this procurement strategy, the client hires a management contractor to oversee the project and coordinate all the necessary trade contractors.

Management contracting is often used when a project needs to be fast-tracked. It provides flexibility over design, quality through specialist subcontractors and the transfer of risk to the contractor.

The disadvantages, however, include the lack of a fixed price at the beginning of the process and a heavy reliance on the contractor to solve all problems and achieve all things. If given to the wrong contractor, the client can quickly lose control over the project.

The importance of a good supplier

The procurement strategy you choose matters. But an oft-overlooked aspect of procurement is the importance of getting the right supplier, not just the right or the most cost-effective materials.

It's no exaggeration to say that, at the time of writing, supply chain disruptions are the norm – not the exception. This makes it more important than ever to build strong relationships with suppliers to maximise your chances of continuity.

Continuity isn't just about giving you an easy life. It's also about keeping all stakeholders happy. After all, if your supplier doesn't deliver the goods, it's not them that gets the blame – it's you.
What makes a supplier a good supplier? There's no quick answer to this. But strong communication and industry accreditations are both valuable markers of trustworthiness.
You should know early on if your supplier is good at communication or just has the gift of the gab. Simply ask them a difficult question and see how they react. If they try to blind you with science, dodge the question or straight-up lie, you'll know they're not a partner you can rely on.
The same goes for accreditations. Take a look at their website. Are there products made in line with the industry accreditations relevant to your project? If the answer is "no" – or even "not sure" – then it's time to look elsewhere.
Finally, it can be a good idea to work with a supplier that does more than one thing under one roof. In the case of glass procurement, for instance, you may want to work with a supplier like us where manufacturing, processing and delivery are all done from the same facility.
By working with a supplier that does everything under one roof, you drastically reduce the chances of delays. After all, if your glass is cut in one place, treated in another and delivered by a third company, you run the risk of being let down not once but three times.
What's more, working with a supplier that takes care of everything means you only have one party to blame in the unfortunate event that something does go wrong. This makes accountability more straightforward – and remedies quicker to find.
Are you looking for a new glass supplier ? Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze supplies global architecture and construction firms with high-quality, compliant and fully customised glass products. Don't hesitate to contact our experts to discuss your requirements and how we can be a partner in your success.

Smart glass in healthcare: 5 real-life case studies

Fri, 16 Jan 2026 16:42:00 GMT

Smart glass is a revolution in glass fabrication. Find out how it's transforming healthcare settings across the world.

The glass industry has come a long way since the days of glassblowers. Today, glass can be manufactured with a self-cleaning coating. It can be walked on without breaking . And over the last decade or so, we've seen an increased adoption of smart glass , also known as "switchable glass".
Smart glass is an innovative glass product that answers a question. How can you combine the aesthetic, structural and thermally efficient properties of high-quality glass with privacy?
Yes, curtains and blinds exist. However, curtains and blinds have a way of accruing dirt – and in many settings, an easy-clean alternative is desired.

Smart glass looks like ordinary glass. But press a button and you can change the translucency level.

Want the sun to come streaming through the window? Leave it as it is. Want to keep out some of those rays? You can dial up the translucency. Want complete privacy? You can dial it all the way to complete opacity.
To many, smart glass is a luxury product used in luxury settings – fancy cars, high-end hotels and private jets. But did you know it's also making a difference in healthcare settings across the world?
It makes sense. No hospital can function without private spaces for patients to be dressed, washed and treated. And no hospital can function without easy-to-clean surfaces to stop the transmission of diseases. Here, then, are five real-life case studies where smart glass is used in healthcare settings.

1. Sunderland Royal Hospital, UK

Blinds and curtains can easily become contaminated with bacteria. And in an intensive coronary care unit (ICCU), contamination isn't an option.

That's why Sunderland Royal Hospital installed a toughened smart glass partition system. It allows patients to be monitored, privacy to be accessed on demand and hygiene standards to be met.

2. Wokingham Medical Centre, UK

Wokingham Medical Centre is a testament to innovation. Converted from an unused office block in the 1990s, it became the UK's biggest single-site GP practice with architectural ambition to match.

The architects aimed to "bring natural light into the deep-set building". This involved roof lights and a custom-designed smart glass curtain wall. In the words of Barbara Weiss, the director of Barbara Weiss Architects:

"In response to privacy and infection control requirements, 'intelligent' smart glass was specified to the curtain wall. The glazing changes from clear to opaque at the switch of a button."

3. St. Mary's Paddington Hospital, UK

Founded in 1845, this London hospital has long been a technological leader. It was here that the UK's first da Vinci robot carried out keyhole surgery.

So, it's perhaps no surprise that this general acute hospital has installed a series of partition screens made from smart glass.

This screen does double duty. It gives patients privacy on demand – something that can improve the quality of their hospital stay. And it makes deep cleaning easy to achieve. All staff need to do is wipe down the partition with an anti-bacterial agent.

4. West Wales General Hospital, UK

Based in Carmarthenshire, West Wales General Hospital is a 391-bed hospital providing a range of acute and community healthcare services.

Smart glass has been installed at the hospital's state-of-the-art intensive care unit. As in other healthcare settings, this gives staff and patients privacy on demand – and by eliminating blinds and curtains, makes the facility a cleaner and safer place to be.

5. Milton District Hospital, Ontario, Canada

Milton District Hospital is a hospital that provides the people of Milton and beyond with a wide range of primary care services.

It now has switchable smart glass panels in its intensive care unit doors, patient bays and emergency room areas. The easy hygiene and privacy on demand are said to have led to higher patient satisfaction scores.

What are the benefits of smart glass in healthcare settings?

Infection control

This is a benefit of smart glass in general – but it's nowhere more important than in a healthcare setting with stringent hygiene standards.

Yes, fabric curtains and blinds can be cleaned. But they're more likely to harbour superbugs such as CDIFF, VRE and MRSA than an easily wipeable smart glass panel.

Privacy and dignity

Smart glass gives both patients and staff instant control over privacy. This can enhance the patient's hospital stay, building trust and increasing comfort at a difficult time. It can also serve as a marker of quality – something many patients find reassuring.

Operational efficiency

Switchable smart glass lets medical staff observe patients from a distance without entering the room. This saves time. It also means staff don't need to change out of their personal protective equipment.

Natural light

The comfort a patient can feel in a hospital isn't just tied to the care they receive. It's also a question of the environment they find themselves in.
Smart glass increases the flow of natural light. This can make the hospital environment feel more open, more welcoming and more modern.

Versatility

Smart glass can double as a projector screen when opaque. This means a room in a healthcare setting with smart glass can also be used for projecting training materials, meeting agendas or other information.

Introducing TG SWITCH

Here at ToughGlaze, we stock a wide range of toughened and laminated glass products. This includes TG SWITCH, our highly durable and highly advanced switchable smart glass product.

It consists of two glass panes with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal interlayer. Opacity can be turned on and off at the touch of a button – and the unit can be integrated with smart systems in homes, offices, healthcare settings and more.
Providing privacy on demand and an easy-to-clean, easy-to-use alternative to blinds and curtains, TG SWITCH is already a valued asset in a wide range of settings.

So, if you're looking for high-quality smart glass, get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote or learn more about TG SWITCH today .

Glass in the mindful workspace: aiding well-being and productivity

Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:44:00 GMT

Can glass make a workplace more mindful? Sort the facts from the fiction in our handy guide for businesses.

All businesses need hard work to flourish. But does hard work have to mean a hard time? Increasingly, managers and business owners believe well-being and productivity are close bedfellows.
This can be seen in all sorts of ways – from team-building exercises to breakout rooms, from flexible hours to gym discounts.
In recent years, too, there's been a trend towards integrating mindfulness into the workplace. In some companies, this takes the form of mindfulness sessions. In others, it's a holistic approach to the workplace that covers everything from communication styles to the physical environment.
At its heart, mindfulness is about improving present-moment awareness, focus and non-judgment. This, they say, can make teams calmer, more focused and more resilient. And you don't need to be a spiritual person to see that calm, focus and resilience can lead to better decision-making.
Can the building materials used in a workspace make a difference, too? We believe so. A mindful office is likely to have cool colours, ergonomic furniture, uncluttered workspaces – and plenty of glass.
Yes, if you're looking for an environment that stimulates calm, focus and mindfulness, you can't go wrong with glass. A mindful workspace needs plenty of windows – but it can also make use of glass walls, doors, skylights and even floors.
By prioritising glass as a design feature, workplaces become lighter, brighter and more welcoming. If it's mental clarity you're after, glass is the clear choice.

How can glass create a mindful workspace?

Let there be light!

It's hard to overstate the importance of lighting to the overall atmosphere of a workspace. Harsh lighting feels cold and corporate. Soft lighting feels cosy and focused.
Natural light creates a sense of openness – and some research suggests it can improve mood, productivity and even the quality of your sleep.
This means windows, of course. But it also means glass partitions separating workspaces rather than walls. This makes the natural light travel farther and deeper into the office space.

Oh, and as well as helping to foster a culture of mindfulness, glass windows and partitions reduce your reliance on electric lighting. This helps cut carbon emissions – not to mention your energy bills.

Transparency and inclusion

Some business owners believe in the importance of hierarchy. The boss, they say, should be behind a closed door. But an increasing number of businesses are trying to break that door down. Glass, you might be surprised to hear, can act as a battering ram. (Figuratively. We repeat:figuratively.)
Glass walls and doors create a feeling of openness, honesty and clear lines of communication. They help break down the divide between management and the rest of the workforce and can even boost team morale.
So, if your workspace feels exclusive, secretive or just a bit cold, consider replacing those solid walls with glass partitions. You'll be amazed at the difference they can make.

Peace and quiet

Once upon a time, glass had two key disadvantages. It broke easily and it let the noise in, as any owner of a single-glazed property will testify.
Today's glass products are a different kettle of fish. Glass partitions for offices are made from laminated glass – a type of glass consisting of two sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer. This plastic interlayer provides structural integrity even when the unit breaks.
But laminated glass – and its sister in safety glass, toughened glass – don't just offer robustness. They also provide good sound insulation.
This is especially the case if you get specialised acoustic glass like our very own TG AG product. This provides all the durability of laminated glass with a design that's tailor-made for absorbing sound.
The benefits for a mindful workspace are plain to see. Soundproofing allows for quiet areas for concentration, relaxation and privacy.
And they achieve this without erecting stiff, solid brick walls that block out the light. Win-win!

The importance of being gorgeous

Yes, glass in a workspace can maximise natural light, foster a sense of openness and keep noise to a minimum. But glass has another ace in the hole: it makes offices more beautiful places.
In the world of business, beauty often takes a back seat. But from branding to office design, beauty can reduce stress and improve productivity.
A well-made glass window, door or partition has an austere beauty, for sure. But the beauty of glass can be accented with coloured interlayers , mesh textures or even digitally printed designs.
It is, of course, possible to take a mindful attitude to work in an aesthetically displeasing environment. But for most people, a beautiful environment helps them focus on the present moment and leave their anxieties for later.

What is glass used for in offices?

Think "glass in the modern workspace" and your mind is likely to go straight to windows and doors. In fact, it can be used in a surprising number of applications.
Solid walls can be replaced with partitions. Splashbacks in kitchens and bathrooms can be made out of glass. And in high-end work environments, the lifts, stairs and even floors can be made of the stuff.
It goes without saying that not just any glass will do – especially for those structural, load-bearing applications. The safety of your staff and visitors is too important to cut corners.
When investing in glass for a workspace, you can rarely go wrong with toughened or laminated glass . These are both specialist types of safety glass, built for high-traffic areas and buildings where safety is a must.
Luckily for you, these products are versatile as well as safe. Whatever your design vision, your glass can help, not hinder. So, if you're looking for customised, compliant glass for an office building project, get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote. We'll make sure you get exactly the materials you need, exactly when you need them.

Glass and its role in luxury interior design (8 impressive ideas)

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 15:40:00 GMT

Are you looking for luxury interior design inspiration? Explore 8 ways glass can play a transformative role.

Some things we consider a luxury weren't always so. Consider the lobster: now a staple of fine dining, it was once considered the "poor man's chicken" and served as prison food.
Glass, however, has always played a role in luxury design – from ancient Roman wine glasses to early modern glassware from Venice's Murano island.
Today, glass remains an essential material in any luxury interior design project. It can be used for structural glazing features like balconies, partitions and wall panels. It can be printed with high-quality designs. Mirrored glass can be used to create a sense of space.
So far, so familiar. But what about smart glass , the relatively recent innovation that changes from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button? While it has practical applications, it can also be used as a marker of luxury – and it can add a touch of glassy class to your luxury interior.
Here at ToughGlaze, we're fascinated by the ways that function and design intersect in glass products. It's a fascination that's reflected in the myriad ways we customise glass for our customers.
So, whether you're looking for specific glass products or simply angling for inspiration, we hope these ideas help you in your quest.

1. Glass partitions and walls

It's rare for luxury living to be associated with cramped spaces. Instead, luxury resides in a sense of openness, whether real (the dimensions of the room) or implied through the use of glass, mirrors and other architectural trickery.
Glass partitions and walls are a simple way to make a room feel bigger. They offer separation without blocking light. And if you get them made from switchable smart glass (more on that later), they can be dimmed all the way to opacity when required. Win-win!

2. Staircases and railings

Today's l aminated glass is tough. Made from two or more panes of glass and a plastic interlayer, it's up to six times stronger than annealed glass and can carry human loads.

This makes it the ideal – and often mandated – material for staircases and railings. Luxury designers often use laminated glass for sleek, modern balustrades and steps that give the occupant uninterrupted views with no compromise to safety.

3. Skylights and ceilings

Just as luxury is all about space, so it's often all about light.
Sure, there are some luxury environments that harness dimmer lighting – spas, say, and banqueting halls. But nine times out of 10, you want light to come flooding into the room – hence the prevalence of picture windows in expensive apartments.
One way to achieve this is with a glass ceiling or skylight. Like glass balustrades, these are often made from laminated glass to ensure they're safe for people to relax under.
Skylights and ceilings can be clear, letting natural light do its glorious thing. They can also be manufactured with a coloured interlayer , sieving the light through a coloured filter, or embedded with LEDs for a bit of drama or subtler effects. Glass skylights and ceilings are a clear example of how many aspects make up a luxury interior. Yes, you need light coming in through the windows – but the roof can also play a pivotal part.

4. Textured glass

At first glance, you might think that today's notions of luxury revolve around sleek, plain surfaces. But look closer, and you'll see that we're still enamoured with textures and patterns.
This is good news for glaziers. Glass can be patterned and textured in all sorts of ways – with mesh interlayers , for instance, that give them subtle yet effective patterns.
This doesn't just add tactile interest to an environment. It also helps the light softly diffuse, adding a touch of romantic splendour to the setting.
Meanwhile, fabric interlayers can blend the glass in a room with the fabrics and other textures, such as wallpapers and curtains.

5. Printed glass

Glass can be printed with text, logos and other designs. And these designs can last as long as the glass itself. This is all thanks to innovations in screen printing and digital printing .

Both methods achieve the same effect: a high-quality design fused into the glass with long-lasting ceramic inks. The significant difference is the methodology. Screen printing involves a screen printer and is best for crisp, simple designs. Digital printing uses inkjet tech familiar from the office and can achieve photorealistic quality.

6. Stained glass

Stained glass is most commonly associated with centuries-old churches, but it can also be used in contemporary settings. You can achieve this effect in a few ways. You can use reclaimed stained glass. You can get it manufactured by stained glass specialists. Or you can use laminated glass panels with coloured interlayers to achieve a modern variation of the same effect. Whichever method you choose, the result is the same: a touch of luxury and a sure conversation starter.

7. Mirrored surfaces

Most homes have at least one mirror. But used well, mirrors can be a luxurious addition to an interior design project. This is partly because high-quality mirror glass has such an appealing lustre. It's partly because of the endless design potential of frames. And it's partly because large mirrored surfaces, such as wall panels and wardrobes, make a room feel even bigger than it is.

8. Switchable smart glass

Of all the types of glass we've mentioned, this is perhaps the most luxurious. It's certainly the most cutting-edge.
Switchable smart glass can be turned on and off like a light switch. Want sunlight? Your glass can be as transparent as any other high-quality pane of glass. Want something dimmer – or altogether opaque? All this can be achieved with just the touch of a button.
Do you need high-quality, customised glass for an interior design project? At ToughGlaze, we cut, process and ship a huge range of glass products from one state-of-the-art UK facility. For you, this means simpler procurement and more peace of mind. Get in touch with our experts today to discuss your project or request a quote.

Glass in landscape architecture: ideas, inspiration and products

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:37:00 GMT

Explore how glass can bring landscape architecture to life – and how toughened glass can play its role.

What do New York's Central Park, France's Gardens of Versailles and India's Taj Mahal all have in common? Answer: they're all world-famous examples of landscape architecture.
"Landscape architecture" is an umbrella term for the design of outdoor spaces. It ranges from small gardens to city centres with plenty more in between.
The aim is often to blend natural elements with built structures. Harmony, peacefulness and sustainability are the names of the game.
Landscape architects use all manner of materials to realise their visions – from naturally occurring materials like wood, stone and sand to manmade metals, concrete and ceramics.
For many landscape architects, glass is an integral ingredient in their outdoor creations. Perhaps it's the way glass creates space. Perhaps it's the way it reflects sky, scenery, people and animals. On a more practical level, perhaps it's the fact that it's so easy to maintain.
Whatever the reason, landscape architects need high-quality materials for the job. After all, these are materials that are going to have to withstand the elements – something that not all glass products can handle.
Here at ToughGlaze, we're passionate about the creative potential of glass, whether in a domestic, commercial or landscape setting. All our glass products can be cut to size and processed in a wide range of colours, finishes and textures.
In this article, we explore the creative potential of glass in landscape architecture. We hope it gives you some inspiration.

How glass is used in landscape architecture

Glass is used in landscape architecture in a wide variety of ways. Sometimes, it's used for surfaces, whether flat or curved. Other times, it's crushed into pieces.

Glass panels

Some landscape architects like to use large glass panels as screens. These can be etched, frosted or digitally printed with text or images. Alternatively, they can be transparent or translucently coloured .
Glass panels can be used to create structures like greenhouses, tabletops and see-through fences. When installed in conjunction with foliage, these act both as a protective barrier and as a means of focusing attention.

In landscapes with flowing water, glass can mimic those curves and colours. You could have a glass walkway across a river, a glass fountain or glass sculptures next to water features.

Crushed glass and glass pebbles

Landscape architects don't just use glass panels. They also use crushed glass as mulch or gravel.
Glass mulch is made from crushed and tumbled cullet (recycled glass). It suppresses weeds, helps retain water and acts as a colourful – and environmentally friendly – alternative to traditional mulch. It can be used in borders, rock gardens and pretty much anywhere that plants grow.

Meanwhile, pathways can be laid or edged with glass pebbles or crushed glass. Sometimes combined with traditional gravel, these glass particles can be multi-coloured to create enchanting sparkling effects.

Light-harnessing effects

Landscape architecture often makes use of both natural and artificial light. Natural light is harnessed while artificial light creates poetic effects in the evening and at night.
This is something that can be achieved with glass. A glass balcony, for instance, could be fitted with LED lights – or a glass partition in front of a water feature. A glass railing – often used to preserve sight lines on decking and other raised areas – could light up in the dark.

And more…

We can't cover all the possible applications of glass in landscape architecture. But no list would be complete without mentioning the inclusion of glass panels digitally printed or screen printed with photorealistic scenes from nature. We hope you've got the impression that the uses of glass in landscape architecture are diverse, creative and inventive. But what kinds of glass products do you need to make it possible?

What kinds of glass are used in landscape architecture?

When sourcing glass for landscape architecture projects, it's essential to remember that the glass is going to be outside, whether partially or fully.
These days, most glass products can withstand the elements to a degree. However, if a piece of glass is going to be used as a permanent outdoor fixture, it needs to be super-durable.
Beyond this, the specific type of glass chosen for an installation will depend on two requirements: safety and aesthetics.

Toughened glass

Toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") is a high-strength kind of safety glass. It's exceedingly hard to break – and when it does break, the manufacturing process ensures that it shatters into tiny and relatively harmless pieces.
Toughened glass is used for all sorts of applications. Its resistance to impact, wind pressure and high temperatures makes it ideal for landscape architecture. It's often used as glass for balustrades , pool fencing, doors and screens.

Laminated glass

The other most commonly used type of safety glass is laminated glass . Whereas toughened glass consists of one layer, laminated glass is a unit made from two layers and a plastic interlayer. This interlayer means that when the unit breaks, it retains its structural integrity.
This super toughness makes it ideal for two outdoor applications. The first is installations in areas prone to hurricanes and other extreme weather. The second is when the glass needs to bear a load. In the context of landscape architecture, this includes walkways, balconies and glass screens.

IGUs

If the landscape architecture project includes a structure such as a conservatory, the glass is likely to be toughened glass, laminated glass or an insulated glass unit (IGU). These double- or triple-glazed units trap gas or air between the panes. This gives them the thermal efficiency they require (and acoustic insulation if the structure is for human use).

Decorative glass

Like all toughened and laminated glass, glass in landscape architecture can be tinted, frosted or patterned in a wide variety of ways. It can also be curved – a type of glass favoured by architects who want the glass to mirror the landscape.
Finally, landscape architects use tumbled crushed glass for pathways, borders and other places where gravel might otherwise be used.
Are you looking for high-quality decorative glass products for a landscape architecture project? At ToughGlaze, we can cut, shape and process glass in dozens of visually appealing ways – all from our state-of-the-art UK facility. Get in touch with our experts to discuss your project or request a quote today.

How to choose glass for high-humidity environments

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 23:45:00 GMT

Are you looking for glass to install in an especially humid environment? Learn how to find the right glass and the right framing system.

Glass has always been used to protect against the elements. After all, what's an external window but a transparent or translucent shield on the side of a building? We need windows, facades and other kinds of structural glazing to help keep us warm and dry.
However, glass isn't just used in external applications to keep us safe from wind, rain, sleet and snow. In high-humidity environments, it also needs to keep out the moisture.
In the UK, this isn't so much of an issue – although things can get sticky in summer. It's much more of an issue in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, the US Gulf Coast and South America.
There, standard-issue toughened or laminated glass doesn't quite cut the mustard. In these places, glaziers need to install glass designed to minimise condensation along with moisture-resistant frames.
The goal of these kinds of glass and framing systems is to keep the interior of the glass at a stable temperature and reduce the amount of moisture that can enter the window unit.
Why does it matter? Well, an unstable or uneven interior temperature in glass causes one thing – internal stress. Down the line, this can lead to cracking or even shattering, thanks to a process called thermal shock or thermal fracture.
But even if the glass doesn't shatter, condensation is often aesthetically displeasing. A "blown" glass unit is foggy – not what anyone wants from a sheet of glass.
So, if you're planning or overseeing a construction project in a high-humidity environment, be careful about the glazing materials you choose. Here are some pointers to help you source the right materials for the job.

What kind of glass should you use in high-humidity environments?

There's no single answer to this question. Your choice of materials will depend on a range of factors: your budget, for instance, and the availability of materials.

It will also depend on building regulations. If your glass is to be installed in a "critical location" – at least in the UK – it should be toughened or laminated safety glass. In other contexts, other kinds of glass are permissible.
Layers, however, are a must, whether laminated glass units or insulated glass units (IGUs). IGUs work by leaving an air gap between panes – two in double glazing, three in triple glazing. This gap helps maintain a consistent temperature inside the glass, drastically reducing the risk of condensation.
The gap between the panes can also be filled with an inert gas such as argon or krypton. These gases are denser than air, providing better insulation and improving the unit's overall thermal performance and resistance to moisture.
The air or gas is kept between "spacers". In a high-humidity environment, you may want to explore warm edge spacers. These are less conductive than aluminium, reducing condensation at the edges by keeping them warmer.
Glass can be coated with Low-E (low-emissivity) coatings. These are microscopically thin coatings that reflect heat. This keeps the interior glass surface warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
Like the air gap in a double-glazed or triple-glazed unit, a low-E coating makes condensation far less of a problem – a real advantage in high-humidity environments.
When installing glass in a high-humidity area, you may also want to look for a high condensation resistance (CR) rating. The higher the rating, the better the window is at resisting condensation and reducing the chances of thermal fracture.

What's in a frame?

The glass you choose is important – but alone, it won't keep moisture entirely at bay. The frame, too, plays a pivotal role.Moisture-resistant frames are available on the market. Frames made from vinyl and fibreglass don't absorb moisture and won't rot, warp or grow mouldy.

You may, however, want aluminium frames. If you decide to install these, you should ensure they have a "thermal break". Often made of polyamide, a thermal break is inserted between the inside and outside of the frame to reduce heat conduction and condensation.

Installing glass in high-humidity environments

A building project is only as successful as its materials – but it's also only as good as the installation.
This involves ensuring the seals are airtight and weatherstripping the unit to stop moisture from entering.
If you're installing windows, you may also want to consider the style of window you choose. Ventilation is an important weapon in your armoury against condensation, so a window style with good airflow, such as a casement window, is preferable.
Once you've invested in the right materials and had them installed professionally, you may want to supplement your unit with an exhaust fan or dehumidifier. Together, these will give you the best possible chance of warding off unwanted moisture.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we manufacture and process glass for every setting. If you need toughened or laminated glass for a high-humidity environment, we've got you covered.
Our laminated glass can be manufactured with highly moisture-resistant TGWR interlayers, making them suitable for damp or external environments.
These interlayers come in a variety of colours and a variety of materials. Our mesh interlayers come in a range of patterns and materials, including brass, bronze, copper and stainless steel. Meanwhile, our fabric interlayers bring an organic texture to glass units.
We understand the importance of peace of mind to designers, architects, clients and all other stakeholders. That's why all our products carry the Kitemark seal of approval and are tested to relevant British industry standards. Are you looking for high-quality, water-resistant laminated glass sheets for high-humidity environments? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

The shopfitters' guide to glass

Fri, 26 Dec 2025 19:03:00 GMT

Do you need to source glass for a shopfitting project? Explore applications, products and installation considerations.

Shopfitting is an underappreciated art. The customers who wander in and out of the nation's shops rarely pause to think about the tight timelines, budgetary pressures, complex design considerations and supply chain juggling that went into their experience.And why should they? You wouldn't expect a shopfitter to appreciate the art of bookbinding or a bookbinder to care about the challenges of dairy farming.Nevertheless, shopfitters have a lot of plates to spin – and one of those plates is made from glass. Yes, glass is a key material in shops. It always has been, of course (looking at you, windows). But today's shops are more glass-filled than ever – and the kinds of glass used are more varied. This is partly a question of aesthetics. Many shops choose glass for its sleek, modern look. But for shopfitters and other installers, aesthetics is always closely tied to other concerns.Safety. Functionality. Thermal efficiency. Privacy. Soundproofing. These are all key factors in a shopfitting project.What this means in practice is that shopfitters need to get the right glass for the job if they want to tick all those boxes. And in our view, high-quality safety glass, whether toughened or laminated, is often the best glass for the job.In this article, we take a look at how glass is used in shops – and why safety glass is so often the way to go.

What is glass used for in shopfitting?

Glance around your current location and it's plain to see the versatility of glass. Go into pretty much any shop and this truth is equally apparent.Many shops use glass to create large, virtually seamless shopfronts. These serve one key purpose: they turn the whole shop into a display cabinet showing off the business's wares.
Glass shopfronts have a welcoming atmosphere, like an outstretched pair of glass arms. And as with large windows and other glass facades, a glass shopfront reduces a business's reliance on electric lighting – an inarguable win for the finance team.

Then there are the aesthetic benefits. Yes, glass is sleek, sophisticated and modern. But it's also like navy or black in an outfit: it goes with pretty much anything.Once inside the shop, glass is used to store – and highlight – merchandise. Glass shelves and cabinets spotlight products while opening up possibilities for brand storytelling. If a shop is pushed for space, mirrors can make a huge difference. They make a room feel bigger – and brighter. And, of course, mirrors are a vital addition to clothes shops, fitting rooms and jewellery shops. Finally, glass is used to increase a shop's safety and security. Safety glass products, such as toughened glass and laminated glass , are extremely durable and hard to break – up to five or six times stronger than standard annealed glass, in fact.Not only this, but toughened and laminated glass are built to break safely. In the case of toughened glass, this means that the glass pane shatters into harmless smithereens. In the case of laminated glass, the plastic interlayer holds the unit together, removing the risks caused by falling glass.This makes safety glass an ideal choice for those parts of a shop that need extra safety and security. In multi-level shops or shopping centres, glass balustrades are used to safely separate areas without spoiling the view.In shops and fitting rooms, safety glass is used for partitions. This helps give the shop an airy, open feeling while allowing for separate spaces.Those are the applications of glass in shopfitting. So, how about the glass itself?

H3: What kinds of glass are used in shopfitting?

1. Toughened glass

Also known as "tempered glass", toughened glass is up to five times stronger than standard annealed glass. It takes a lot of force to break toughened glass – and when it finally shatters, it breaks into smithereens, not nasty shards. This distinctive breakage pattern makes toughened glass ideal for areas where there's a lot of human traffic. In fact, it's mandatory in some "critical locations" according to UK building regulations.

2. Laminated glass

Laminated glass consists of two or more glass panes with a plastic interlayer. When cracked, the glass unit holds together.

Laminated glass is prized for its strength. But it's also thermally efficient and good for soundproofing. This makes it the staple material for structural glazing – balustrades, walkways, partitions and the like.

3. Insulated glass units (IGUs)

IGUs are double- or triple-glazed units with a spacer between the panes. This gap, filled with air or an inert gas like Argon or Krypton, improves the overall energy efficiency of the unit. This makes it a popular choice for windows and doors in shops and elsewhere.

4. Fire-rated glass

Every shop needs a fire escape route. Fire doors need to be fitted with fire-rated glass – a kind of glass specially manufactured to halt the spread of smoke and fire. Fire-rated glass is made in different ways. Here at ToughGlaze, our fire-rated glass has a gel-like interlayer. This expands in heat, retarding the fire and giving staff and customers more time to leave.

5. Acoustic glass

Does the shop you're fitting have noisy neighbours? Is it going to become a noisy neighbour itself? Then acoustic glass is the way to go. This thick, sturdy product has all the advantages of laminated glass plus extra soundproofing properties.

6. Printed glass

Glass can be printed with images and text, either by screen printing or digital printing . This gives you all the benefits of high-quality toughened glass alongside bold, memorable designs that – thanks to our robust ceramic inks – last as long as the glass itself.

7. Privacy glass

Sometimes, you need glass as clear as day. At other times, you need glass manufactured for privacy. There are two main types: frosted glass (familiar to many from bathroom doors and shower enclosures) and switchable smart glass . This second product is a high-tech type of glass whose transparency can be changed through a smartphone app. Are you looking for high-quality glass shop fittings ? At ToughGlaze, we supply a wide range of glass products – all processed and delivered from our state-of-the-art UK facility in Bedford. For a quick quote or to discuss your project, get in touch today .

The top global glass events of 2026

Mon, 22 Dec 2025 23:07:00 GMT

Every year, members of the glass industry meet to share ideas and advances. Get up to date with the top events of 2026.

Today's industries are sprawling affairs – and the world of glass is no exception.
Where once each town might have its local glassmaker, today's glass manufacturers, processors and suppliers are scattered across the world.
Despite this geographical spread, the industry is fairly cohesive in its pursuit of new materials, machinery and methodologies. So, it's no surprise that people from across the world gather each year at glass events to share ideas in pursuit of common goals.
Glass events help drive innovation and forge international collaborations that might otherwise fall under the radar. After all, an in-person chat is usually better than a message on LinkedIn.
In 2026, the glass industry is likely to focus on addressing the hot topic of sustainability. For a material that's 100% recyclable, glass has a surprisingly large carbon footprint – something that the industry as a whole is seeking to change.Meanwhile, advances in glass fabrication continue to be developed and refined, whether that's smart glass, self-cleaning glass or energy-efficient glass.
These events take place across the world. But in 2026, the main events are in China, Europe and North America. Here, then, are 13 global glass events for your 2026 calendar.

China Glass 2026

7–10 April, Shanghai, China

China Glass 2026 is another name for the 35th China International Glass Industrial Technical Exhibition – a major global event for the glass industry.
Taking place in Shanghai from Tuesday 7 to Friday 10 April, the exhibition's focus is on smart green manufacturing and innovations in glass.
Trends on show will include low-carbon glass, digital transformation (AI and the Internet of Things) and advanced products including smart glass and energy-saving glass.

Glass Lyon 2026

13–17 April 2026, Palais des Congrès in Lyon, France

This event in Lyon, France, is hosted by the French glass society (USTV). It will bring together the International Conference of Glass (ICG) Annual Meeting and the 18th European Society of Glass (ESG) Conference.
Both focus on the scientific side of glass. The ICG Annual Meeting brings together scientists, researchers and industry figures to study the latest in glass science and tech.
Meanwhile, the 18th ESG Conference focuses on improving the quality and performance of glass products.

H3: The International Glass Manufacturing Show (IGMS) Dubai 2026

21–23 April, Dubai, UAE

The International Glass Manufacturing Show (IGMS) 2025 will take place at the Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC) from Monday 13 to Wednesday 15 April. It's a major event for the glass industry in the region.
The trade show will cover the entire value chain – from production technology and machinery to finishing and digitalisation.
The event is likely to attract manufacturers, buyers and experts from across the world looking to explore innovations and market trends in the Middle East and Africa.

Top Glass Conference and Exhibition

30 April, Mississauga, Canada

Canadian glass brand Top Glass has been hosting glass shows in Toronto since 2014. In its own words, it's "overwhelmingly attended by Canadian glazing contractors, glass fabricators, architects and specifiers".
In 2026, more than 40 Canadian suppliers to the architectural glass industry will gather in the city of Mississauga. As the organisers say: "You might learn more on the show floor than in the lecture hall!"
Canada's glass industry is growing fast in the container, flat glass and fibreglass segments, especially in relation to the construction and automotive industries. These concerns will likely be reflected in the Top Glass conference's programming.

Glassman Latin America

20–21 May, Mexico City, Mexico

This two-day event in Mexico City centres on the hollow and container glass industries. More than 100 exhibitors – including manufacturers, suppliers and innovators – from Latin America and beyond will share the latest in glass manufacturing.
The event will also feature sessions on decarbonisation and digital glassmaking, reflecting the industry's current focus on all things sustainability.

International Festival of Glass

17–31 August, North West England

In 2026, the biennial International Festival of Glass comes to North West England, with events taking place in St. Helens, Manchester and Liverpool.
For more than 200 years, St Helens has been a name with a rich connection to the global glass industry. Perhaps most notably, it was here that Pilkington invented float glass.
Today, it's home to Glass Futures, a not-for-profit organisation focusing on disruptive technologies and sustainability in the glass industry.
The festival brings together artists, researchers and industry leaders for exhibitions, masterclasses, artist demonstrations and presentations. You can also expect workshops and hands-on activities. Its flagship exhibition, the British Biennale, is the biggest of its kind in the UK.
Submissions close on Sunday 1 March, and the biennial is from Monday 17 to Monday 31 August.

GlassBuild America: The Glass, Window and Door Expo 2026

23–25 September, Las Vegas, USA

GlassBuild America is the biggest glass industry trade show in North America. According to its website , it "brings together the brightest minds and leading companies in the glass and fenestration industries".
Details about the 2026 instalment beyond its date and location are scarce. Looking back to 2025 in Orlando, Florida, however, you can expect somewhere in the region of 500 exhibitors, 9,000 participants and 229,000 square feet of floor space.

Glasstec 2026

20–23 October, Düsseldorf, Germany

In October 2026, manufacturers, processors, architects and representatives from over 1,000 companies will meet in Düsseldorf, Germany, for glasstec 2026.
In the words of Salvatore Ruggiero from multinational glass company Schott AG:
"glasstec remains the premier gathering for the glass industry, offering an opportunity to connect with customers, discover fresh ideas and engage with those seeking innovative solutions."
It is, he goes on, "the ideal platform to showcase our latest innovations."
This year, its "hot topics" are AI and digital technologies, decarbonisation and the circular economy.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is a leading specialist glass supplier in the UK. For more industry news and commentary, visit our free resource centre .

Outdoor glass balustrade ideas for architects and designers

Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:03:00 GMT

Are you looking for design inspiration for an outdoor glass balustrade? Explore ideas from our glass experts.

Proverbially, glass is breakable. Just think of poor Debbie Harry and her shattered heart of glass – or the injunction never to throw stones in glass houses.
In the 21st century, however, these proverbs and metaphors are outdated. Glass products like toughened glass and laminated glass aren't just exceedingly hard to break, but they're also used specifically to increase the safety of an installation.
This is nowhere more clearly seen than in the world of structural glass. All across the world, people walk across glass bridges, ride in glass elevators and admire the view from glass balconies. None of this would be possible if they were easily breakable.
It can also be seen in the prevalence of glass balustrades – those protective railing systems found on staircases, balconies and terraces.
A balustrade consists of a series of vertical posts, known as "balusters", and a handrail. It acts as a safety barrier – but not just any old safety barrier. This is a safety barrier that bespeaks sophistication, class and a high-end lifestyle.
Balustrades aren't always made from glass. They can also be made from wood and metal. But when a designer, architect or installer chooses glass for their balustrade, you know they want to communicate something out of the ordinary.
And like all examples of structural glazing, glass balustrades come in a remarkable number of shapes and sizes. This versatility comes from three things:

The decision to use or omit a frame
The type of glass used
Any additional touches like integrated lighting or wire rope infills

Inspiration for outdoor glass balustrades is everywhere – from hotels to banks, from offices to shopping centres. But if you're itching for ideas, you've come to the right place. Here are some questions you can ask to spark your inspiration.

1. Frame or no frame?

Perhaps the single biggest distinguishing feature of an outdoor glass balustrade is its frame – or lack of one.Frameless outdoor glass balustrades offer a sleek, unbroken expanse and an uninterrupted vista. Let's put it this way: if your project would suit an infinity pool, it will probably suit a frameless balustrade.
Of course, while frameless balustrades are frameless, they have to be fixed in place. This can be achieved in several ways, whether spigots, hidden channels or our invisible fixings .
Balustrades can also be semi-frameless. This typically means they lack an external frame but have visible posts – visible yet discreet. This style balances the contemporary with the traditional, making it a popular choice for designers who want some classic design elements mixed with the ultra-modern.
Then there are traditional framed glass balustrades. These have a visible external frame as well as visible supporting hardware. The frame is typically made from stainless steel or aluminium – excellent materials for outdoor use.

These don't have the uninterrupted views that frameless balustrades offer. But they can be just as stylish. It all depends on the overall aesthetic of the design project and how much you want the balustrade to blend in or stand out.

2. What kind of glass?

Designers and architects aren't only faced with choices relating to the frame. They also need to decide on the type of glass the balustrade will be made from.
Clear glass is a popular choice. It maximises views and maximises the amount of natural light entering a building or balcony. This makes it ideal for installations where the inside and outside are blended and there's scenery to be enjoyed.
The problem with clear glass, of course, is that it puts the innards of your building on display. This can be countered by vegetation, awnings and other design features. Nevertheless, some designers want privacy to be built into the balustrade.
In this situation, frosted glass is the way to go. It stops prying eyes from seeing in while still allowing light to enter.Alternatively, you can use tinted glass – the kind you might see on the side of a limousine. This does the same job as frosted glass while providing a more deluxe atmosphere.

3. Any finishing touches?

Once you've decided whether the balustrade will have a frame or not and picked the right glass for the job, it's time to explore design ideas.
One of the great advantages of glass as a building material is that it can be printed on. A hotel, for instance, could have its name, logo or other branding digitally printed or screen-printed onto the balustrade.
Glass can also be curved. This can add aesthetic interest to a building, whether as a stand-alone piece or part of a larger curvaceous creation.
If you want an industrial look, you could have stainless steel posts with wire infill. This is an excellent way of balancing security, durability and whatever views are at hand.
Last but not least, you can integrate LEDs and other kinds of lighting into handrails, base channels or both. This serves a dual function. First, it lets you play with light – another way of finessing your project's aesthetic. And secondly, it lets you improve safety on decks, balconies and steps.

Your questions answered

Looking for high-quality, made-to-measure glass for balustrades ? At ToughGlaze, we supply a wide range of glass products to suit a vast array of functions and aesthetics. Get in touch with our team today to discuss your project or request a quick, competitive quote.

How glass wheel cutters work

Mon, 15 Dec 2025 09:06:00 GMT

Many glass manufacturers use wheel-cutting machines to cut their glass. Find out how the process works in our guide.

How do you cut glass? It's a question we've explored in depth in another of our blog posts . The answer is perhaps more complex than you'd expect.
If you want to cut a material, use a blade. Right? Half-right. Yes, glass is cut with blade-like wheels, whether manually or by a machine, but it's also cut with pressurised water and even lasers.
While these methods are all used in the glass fabrication industry, glass wheel cutters are the most common. Since the 19th century, manufacturers have been cutting glass with manual wheel cutters – but in today's modern marketplace, more and more manufacturers use machines to do the job.
A manual glass cutter is a handheld tool used to score and snap glass. A mechanical glass wheel cutter looks more like a giant paper guillotine. But where a paper guillotine has a blade, a glass wheel cutter has a wheel. This passes across and incises the glass.
At first glance, you might think that glass cutting is an imprecise art. In fact, the technology has developed to such an extent that even thin pieces of glass can be cut by a mechanical wheel.
Perhaps the only drawback of glass wheel cutting is that it tends to chip the product. This isn't a problem for the customer – only for the supplier who has to fix the chipped glass with extra processing.

How they work

A manual glass wheel cutter is a handheld tool with a wheel at its tip. This is usually made from hardened steel or tungsten carbide – both tough as nails.
Many also have a small oil reservoir. This lubricates the wheel as you go and means that, when you come to snap the glass, the line is smooth and clean.
But before the glass can be snapped, it must be scored. Glass processors often use a table edge or ruler to score the glass. The glass itself should be laid on a soft material. Cardboard, towel and cork can all help protect the glass from scratching.

The worker, too, needs protection. This usually takes the form of protective personal equipment (PPE): gloves, safety goggles and a face mask.
Mechanical glass wheel cutters also have super-tough wheels. In the case of machines, they're sometimes made of diamond instead of tungsten carbide.
The machine is usually computer-operated, although older models are operated by buttons. The wheel passes across the glass and scores the surface.
The wheel itself doesn't cut the glass. Instead, it weakens the surface tension, making it ready to be snapped.
As with manual wheel cutting, the amount of pressure is critical. Go easy on the glass and the score will be messy. Apply too much pressure and the break will be raggedy. Modern machines regulate the amount of pressure applied and, like their manual counterparts, lubricate the wheel with oil.
Once this incision is made, the glass is snapped. Smaller pieces are snapped by hand, while larger pieces are snapped using the machine's breaking mechanism.

A brief history of glass wheel cutting

Glass wheel cutters, as we know them today, originated in the 19th century.
Samuel Monce of Connecticut, USA, developed the first glass wheel cutter for flat glass in 1869. This is the prototype for today's machines, and was a pivotal innovation in the history of glass manufacturing.
But while the handheld wheel cutter is less than 200 years old, wheels have been used to cut glass for decoration since the days of Ancient Rome.
In the first century AD, for instance, historian Pliny the Elder describes the use of a rotating stone wheel to cut patterns into glass.
Centuries later, 18th-century English and Irish glassmakers used wheel cutting to create items such as chandeliers and vessels. By the end of the century, these were powered by steam for extra efficiency.
But while wheels were used to cut glass for decorative purposes, they were only used to cut flat glass in the late 19th century. Before then, glass was cut in a range of different ways.

Before the 14th century, glass was scored with a hot iron rod and then cracked along the score line.
Between the 14th and 16th centuries, manufacturers began using diamond-tipped cutters. These offered much greater precision than hot iron rods – though still not a patch on today's machines.
Despite the advent of the manual glass wheel cutter, manufacturers used diamond-tipped hand tools to score large sheets of glass until the early 1900s.
The main advantage of the glass wheel cutter is clear. Whereas rods and tipped hand tools did the job, they were far from efficient. Glass makers had to score the glass bit by bit. By contrast, a glass wheel cutter could be run through the glass like a guillotine or lawnmower.

What's better: glass wheel cutting or water jet cutting?

Glass wheel cutting is far from the only way to cut glass. Manufacturers often use a method called "water jet cutting" . This involves shootinga high-pressure jet of water mixed with an abrasive substance at the glass.
This isn't just a gentle dousing. This is high pressure – and it can cut metal and concrete, as well as glass.Whether a manufacturer chooses glass wheel cutting or water jet cutting depends on the type of glass being cut, its thickness and the level of precision required.
Broadly speaking, water jet cutting is best for intricate shapes and can handle brittle and heat-sensitive materials. Wheel cutting is faster and works best for simple, straight cuts on thinner pieces of glass.
As a customer, the precise method used shouldn't affect the end product. It's best to look for marks of quality rather than particular techniques.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass ? At ToughGlaze, we supply a wide range of products, all built in line with British standards. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote – or explore our rangeonline .

Glass industry trends and predictions for 2026

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 18:11:00 GMT

How will the glass industry change in 2026? Explore some key predictions in our guide to the coming year.

"Tank Control and Devitrification." "Continuous Batch Feeder in Successful Operation on Window Glass Tank." "Natural Gas as Fuel in Glass Furnace Stack." "Progress in Glass Etching."
No, you haven't stumbled on a miscellaneous collection of cryptic crossword clues. These are all the names of articles in a 1926 issue of The Glass Industry .
A quick flick through this publication shows how much and how little has changed in the glass industry in the last 100 years.
On the one hand, it's an industry that continues to innovate in search of ever more refined industrial applications. On the other hand, readers in 1926 would be surprised to learn what's been achieved in the intervening century.
Smart glass . Antimicrobial glass. Ultra-thin glass for smartphones and other electronic devices. Glass that's built with decarbonisation and sustainability in mind. All of these would be as foreign to the industrialist of 1926 as Venmo and Virgin Trains.
It also goes to show just how difficult it is to make predictions. A reader in 1926 might have had some sense of where things were going – but there have been plenty of surprises along the way.
So, when we come to make predictions for 2026, we do so with a pinch of salt. It looks like it will be a year when trends continue to develop – not one where moonshots and history are made. But if there's one thing to be said for history, it's that you rarely see it coming.
In our view, there are three key areas where the glass industry is likely to see change. Perhaps unsurprisingly, these are topics that are sweeping industries of all kinds across the world: AI, the circular economy and decarbonisation.
On top of this, some glass products will continue to move out from the shadow of niche applications into the bright lights of the big time – though perhaps not all the way all at once.
So without further ado, here's what we here at ToughGlaze think you can expect to see in 2026. Let's meet up in 2027 and see how right we were…

Three key glass industry predictions for 2026

1. The rise of AI in glass manufacturing

2025 has been the year of AI, for better and for worse. For every gimmick, there's a breakthrough and for every cause for concern, there's a cause for optimism.
Whatever you think about AI, it's undeniable that it's shaping the global industrial landscape. In fact, it's no exaggeration to say that AI will soon touch every aspect of glass manufacturing.
This is because AI tools are increasingly being used in factories and other industrial facilities. This doesn't mean that glass manufacturers are spitting out AI-generated images or videos. It mainly means that more and more routine tasks are being automated.
Humans make mistakes. AI undoubtedly makes mistakes, too. However, adopters believe that a combination of AI and human handling can improve accuracy in quality control, efficiency optimisation, quality assurance and more.
This is partly a case of data-driven predictions. A glass manufacturer might, for instance, use AI to generate a demand forecast.

AI is also being used for customer-facing tasks, with chatbots replacing customer service teams. As with most of these applications, this is far from specific to the glass industry.

2. The circular economy circles back

Glass can be recycled again and again – infinitely, in fact. So, why is the glass industry not a circular economy?It's a difficult question with many factors at play. And it's one that will certainly receive a great deal of attention in 2026 and beyond.
The big challenge is how to prolong the product lifecycle, save resources and minimise waste. Recycling and reuse are essential weapons in this fight – but manufacturing processes themselves also need to be made more efficient.
On top of this, recycling collection networks and sorting processes need to be fine-tuned. Without this, perfectly good recyclable materials will continue to end up in landfill.
It's hard to say exactly how this agenda will be pursued. However, legislation like the EU Circular Economy Act, slated for 2026, could make an impact. Just how big that impact will be remains to be seen.

3. Decarbonisation takes priority

The road to decarbonisation is bumpy and winding. But there are signs that the glass industry will continue to decarbonise in 2026. The key points are covered in FEVE's 2025 " Decarbonisation Report ".
The industry, the report says, is investing in "breakthrough furnace technologies to enable the energy transition and upgrading existing equipment to be more energy-efficient through its planned life cycle".
Meanwhile, a multi-stakeholder partnership known as "Close the Glass Loop" has laid out a roadmap to 90% glass packaging collection across Europe by 2030.
Add to this the fact that scientists and glass manufacturers across the world are trialling low-carbon ingredient mixes, and it's hard not to think the future of decarbonisation in the glass industry is bright. How these developments fit into the global shift towards decarbonisation is another question.

Will 2026 be the year of switchable smart glass?

Some of the most widely used glass products in 2026 will be the same as in 1926: float glass, for one. But today's glass catalogues contain products beyond the 1920s' wildest dreams.
Smart glass, for instance, is an advanced glass product that lets you change the transparency level of glass with the switch of a button. Sometimes integrated into smart home systems, smart glass is also used in hospitals and offices, among other applications.
At the moment, smart glass is a fairly niche product. But it's gradually on the up, with one report predicting a projected market size of 8.37 billion USD in 2026, up from 7.59 billion in 2025.
Switchable smart glass isn't the only glass product that could be more widely adopted in 2026. Both antimicrobial glass and ultra-thin glass for augmented reality glasses could see an upward trend in the coming year.
But who knows for sure? We'll be sure to let you know how the glass cookie crumbles.
ToughGlaze is a trusted UK commercial glass supplier . For more industry news and analysis, explore our free resource centre .

Glass thermal expansion: challenges and how to address them

Mon, 08 Dec 2025 08:41:00 GMT

Glass thermal expansion can cause issues for manufacturers, installers and building users. Learn more about these problems and how to fix them.

Today's glass is super-strong stuff. Standard annealed glass is stronger than ever before – and when toughened and laminated, it becomes even stronger.
This doesn't mean, however, that glass never breaks. It can even break without the application of physical force. On rare occasions, nickel sulfide inclusions – a common byproduct of the manufacturing process – can cause toughened glass to shatter. But a more common cause of unexpected breakages is thermal expansion.
Glass, you see, expands when heated. At a certain point of expansion, it loses structural integrity and shatters.This is particularly the case in windows where the edges are in shade and the centre isn't. It can also happen when manufacturers mix glasses with different expansion coefficients (a measure of how much glass expands or contracts when the temperature changes).

What are the causes and consequences of glass thermal expansion?

When glass expands in heat, the worst-case scenario is that it breaks or shatters.
This can happen for a few reasons. The most common is that different parts of the glass heat up at different rates. This creates stress in the unit, which can eventually lead to a breakage.
This kind of inconsistent heating isn't as rare as you might think. It often happens when the sun heats up the centre of the windowpane and the edges are hidden in the shade.
Imperfections on the edge of the glass are places where stress can concentrate. Over time and under heat, this can cause a crack to form.
That's one reason why working with a reputable glass processor is so important. An experienced processor is more likely to take care of the edges as well as the overall unit.
Insulated glazing units (IGUs) are especially at risk because of the "air spacer" between the panes. This heats up faster than in a single-pane window.

Are all types of glass susceptible to thermal expansion?

Some types of glass are more likely to break when thermal expansion occurs. Standard annealed glass, for instance, is less resistant to thermal stress than toughened glass . This is another reason to invest in toughened glass when your budget allows.

Poor manufacturing can increase the chances of breakage. This is especially true when types of glass with significantly different thermal expansion coefficients are mixed.
When the glass is cooled, stress is created – and the resulting product is a ticking time bomb. This is one reason to steer clear of inexperienced or poorly reviewed glass processors.

How do you avoid glass thermal expansion?

At this point, you might be concerned that the glass you buy is bound to shatter. There are, however, simple steps you can take to significantly reduce the likelihood of this happening.

Control the environment

First, you can take steps to control the environment where the glass has been installed. Curtains and blinds can be kept at a distance from the window to allow air to circulate and cool the glass. When installing laminated or wired glass, you should also avoid using close-fitted blinds.

Protect south- and west-facing windows

South- and west-facing windows are especially vulnerable to overheating. This can be circumvented by installing awnings or other kinds of shading to minimise the amount of direct sunlight the windows receive.

Be careful with heat sources

If there are heating or vents nearby, make sure they're pointed away from the windows. If they directly heat or cool the windows, this could lead to uneven heating and an unwelcome fracture down the line.
You should also avoid placing hot objects on a cold glass surface, or vice versa. This causes differential heating, which is a key cause of glass thermal expansion.

Choosing the right type of glass

Avoiding glass thermal expansion isn't just about controlling your environment. It also involves choosing the right type of glass.
Toughened and heat-strengthened glass are much more resistant to thermal stress than standard annealed glass. They come with a range of other benefits, too. Toughened glass is thermally efficient as well as resistant to thermal stress. It also breaks into relatively safe smithereens rather than shards and can be decorated in a wide variety of ways.

Toughened glass is often used advisedly in areas at risk of thermal stress – especially in installations next to deep shadows or heat traps.
Edge finishing can make a difference, too. Unpolished and unground edges are more susceptible to glass thermal expansion.
Here at ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality toughened glass that's resistant to thermal stress. And like all our products, it can be cut to size and processed in many ways: from coloured and textured interlayers to frosted effects .
Once you've got your materials, they need to be installed properly, too. You need framing systems with low heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficients similar to the glass itself.
As so often in the world of construction, experts are your friend. Whether you're sourcing materials or getting them installed, make sure you work with qualified, accredited professionals to minimise the chance of problems caused by glass thermal expansion.

Why does glass expand in the heat?

Glass expands in heat because the extra energy causes its molecules to vibrate. As they vibrate, they move further and further apart. This is what we mean when we talk about "thermal expansion".
As the temperature grows, so too does the distance between the molecules. This is reflected in the overall volume of the glass.
The opposite is true, too. When glass cools, the molecules slow down and get closer, causing the glass to contract. This is relevant to our specialist subject: the production of toughened glass . This involves firing a sheet of standard annealed glass in the furnace and then rapidly cooling or "quenching" it.
These sudden shifts in temperature create internal stresses that give the glass its distinctive breakage pattern – the pattern that qualifies it as a form of safety glass.
Are you looking for toughened glass panels with high resistance to thermal stress? At ToughGlaze, we've supplied architects and construction firms with high-quality toughened glass for more than 30 years. Get in touch with our team today for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass edge strength and why it matters

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 17:15:00 GMT

The strength of glass is determined by many factors. Find out the role glass edges play – and why it matters.

How strong is a piece of glass? This isn't a cunning riddle along the lines of "How long is a piece of string?" It's a practical question with practical implications for your building project.
Different types of glass have different overall levels of strength. A sheet of toughened glass (our speciality) is around five times as strong as a standard sheet of annealed glass. Laminated glass can be even more robust. This strength comes from:

The chemical composition of the glass
The addition of protective interlayers
The presence of compressive stress on the surface
And yes – the strength of the edges

Manufacturers carry out strength tests to ensure their glass products are fit for purpose. Different methods are used, but what they all have in common is the application of stress to glass.
This could be anything from attacking the glass with an axe to firing a bullet at it. In the case of edge strength, however, manufacturers use a process called "four-point bending". This involves applying stress to the edges until they fracture. If they pass the test, they go to market.
It's obvious why glass strength matters – the safety of the building's users depends on it. But how about glass edge strength? Before we answer that question, let's delve a little deeper into the four-point bending method.

What is four-point bending?

Four-point bending is a way of measuring the edge strength of glass. At its most basic, it involves applying force at two points between two supports.
The process is outlined in detail in European standard EN1288-3. It's important to note that the following summary is no replacement for these guidelines. We hope, however, that it gives you a sense of the process.

How the process works

The four-point bending test is performed on a universal testing machine (UTM) – an electromechanical device that measures the mechanical properties of materials.

The glass is placed on two spaced-out support rollers. Two loading rollers then press on the glass from above. The downward force of the loading rollers is gradually increased between the loading points.
This continues until the glass fractures. Manufacturers then have a precise figure for the force required to break the glass.

Why does glass edge strength matter?

In one sense, the answer to this question is obvious. Edge strength is part of the overall strength of glass – and the stronger the glass, the safer the installation.
But glass edge strength is important in a more specific way, too. Edge flaws can lead to cracks and breakage. If the glass unit is strong but the edges are weak, you could be putting building users at risk.
Edges, in fact, are places where stress can concentrate. What's more, cracks and flaws on the edges are an inevitable byproduct of the cutting and manufacturing process. This means strength is needed to stop the edges from fracturing.
In some applications, toughened glass is required. This is a kind of safety glass that's far more robust than its annealed equivalents – and which shatters into smithereens, not dangerous shards.
Edge strength is an important part of the overall strength and safety of toughened glass. You need to make sure you're getting your toughened glass from a manufacturer or processor that provides strong, well-finished edges.
The same goes for laminated glass units. These are sometimes called for in commercial and high-load settings where the glass needs to withstand wind pressure or human loads. As with toughened glass, the strength of the edge is a critical part of the overall strength of the unit.

What other factors affect the strength of glass?

Edge strength isn't the only factor affecting the strength of glass, of course. Other factors include the chemical composition of the glass, any surface flaws and the presence of internal stresses created during the manufacturing process.

Toughened glass is made stronger by heating annealed glass at a high temperature and then rapidly cooling or "quenching" the product. This creates compressive stress on the surface and gives the glass its distinctive breakage pattern.
Laminated glass, meanwhile, is bolstered by a protective plastic interlayer. This means that when the glass finally breaks (something that requires a heck of a lot of force), the glass doesn't shatter but stays in its frame.

Is edge strength covered by building regulations?

Yes and no. Regulations and standards focus on the safety performance of glass. This is affected by edge strength, but regulations don't provide a specific edge-strength value.
The priority in building regulations and standards is that glass in so-called "critical locations" breaks safely and withstands force. Most of the time, this necessitates the installation of toughened glass, laminated glass or toughened and laminated glass.

H3: Does bevelling affect glass edge strength?

Glass edges can be polished or bevelled. This is often done to improve the appearance of a piece of glass and is often done for glass used in furniture, doors and tabletops.
It's not just a question of aesthetics, however. Bevelling and polishing also remove sharp edges and increase the overall durability of the glass by stopping stress from concentrating at the edges.
Bevelling can decrease resistance to impacts at some angles. But overall, bevelling and polishing methods add to the strength of the glass.

Can you polish toughened glass edges?

Yes, you can polish toughened glass. You need, however, to handle it with care. When toughened glass breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny pieces – and this can happen if you apply too much force to the edges.
In practice, this means that polishing toughened glass is a job for professionals with specialised equipment. While you can sand and smooth minor imperfections at home, professional edge polishing reveals expertise, experience and equipment.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted toughened glass suppliers . For more guides and industry knowledge, head to our resource centre .

Common causes of glass breakages on site, and how to stop them

Fri, 28 Nov 2025 17:26:00 GMT

Concerned about glass breakages on site? Learn about some of the most common causes – and what you can do to prevent them.

Accidents will happen: it's a saying for a reason. Even in our age of advanced health and safety regulations, things go wrong on construction sites, whether through human error or an act of nature.
It's not unusual, for instance, for glass to break. And it stands to reason: with so many moving parts – both human and mechanical – there are plenty of opportunities for things to go wrong.
You might read this and conclude that what will be, will be. But you'd be wrong to. That's because most glass breakages on site happen for the same handful of reasons.
This predictability means that a site manager can put procedures and policies in place to keep glass breakages to a minimum.
This is good for business for two reasons. First, it significantly reduces the possibility of a team member getting injured. And secondly, it significantly reduces the need to pay for replacement materials.
Here, then, are seven common causes of glass breakages on site – and how to stop them from happening.

1. Improper handling

The problem: glass breaks because it's handled without due care and without following best practices.

There are two sides to this. One is the training required to make sure team members know how to handle glass properly. The other is the adequate provision of lifting equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE).

The solution

On site, have procedures in place to ensure glass is handled and installed by team members following best practices. This includes using the right lifting equipment and wearing appropriate PPE.
For a more detailed exploration of this topic, read our best-practice guide to handling glass safely .

2. Accidental impact

The problem: glass breaks because of accidental impact from machinery, tools or building materials.

You don't need us to tell you there's a lot going on in your standard construction site. The sheer amount of machinery, tools and building materials being moved around can create an obstacle course.

Of course, training will play its part in reducing these accidental impacts. If team members are confident in their handling of machinery, they're far less likely to oversee (or cause) an accidental breakage.

The solution

Accidental impacts can be significantly reduced by shielding glass with protective film, plywood or other materials. This requires some forward thinking – but it's forward thinking that will pay off in the long run.

3. Manufacturing byproducts

The problem: glass breakages caused by nickel sulfide inclusions and other byproducts of manufacturing.

Sometimes, toughened glass spontaneously breaks. This is often because of the presence of nickel sulfide inclusions – a byproduct of the manufacturing process. The glass needs clearing up and replacing, wasting time and money on site.

The solution

Nickel sulfide inclusions can't be eliminated entirely. However, they can be significantly reduced through a process called " heat soak testing ". This involves putting sheets of toughened glass under thermal stress to see if they break.
Heat soak testing won't entirely remove the possibility of nickel sulfide inclusions. But if you want to reduce the risk, work with a glass processor or supplier that offers heat soak testing as a service.
Learn more about nickel sulfide inclusions in toughened glass .

4. Environmental stresses

The problem: glass breakages caused by changes in the environment.

Glass is vulnerable to sudden or significant changes in the environment. These include rapid changes in temperature (thermal stress), poor installation, heavy weather and even vibrations caused by nearby machinery.
Most of the time, these environmental stresses aren't sufficient to cause a glass breakage. But it can happen – and people often wonder whether there is anything they can do to prevent it.

The solution

There are two solutions to this problem. One involves the way the glass is handled. The other is the glass itself.

Glass should be protected from nearby stresses, whether heavy weather or heavy machinery. This is partly a case of installing temporary barriers such as tarps or screens. And it's partly a case of ensuring the glass is competently installed.

None of this amounts to much, however, if the glass itself isn't the best it can be. Choosing low-quality materials will only amplify the chances of environmental stresses leading to breakages on site.

5. Damage to the edge

The problem: glass breakages caused by edge weakness.

During the transportation and handling of glass, the edge can become damaged. This creates a structural weakness which can lead to a breakage further down the line.

The solution

Glass must be transported carefully. This is partly a case of ensuring the right equipment is used to load it in and hold it in place. It's partly a case of knowing how to stack and arrange it. And it's partly a case of handling it correctly when loading and unloading.
There's more to it than that, of course. For the fine details, check out our guide to how glass is transported .

6. Using annealed glass

The problem: annealed glass is weak compared to safety glass.

When most people think of a pane of glass, they're probably thinking of annealed glass. This is "standard" glass – the kind that breaks into large jagged shards. It breaks more easily than safety glass, and its use on site can increase the likelihood of breakages.

The solution

Instead of annealed glass, use safety glass (toughened or laminated glass ) to ensure safety and reduce the chance of breakages.
This is especially important in overhead applications such as skylights and balustrades. However, it can make a big difference to the safety profile of a site in all applications.

7. Using poor-quality materials

The problem: poor-quality materials break more easily than high-quality materials.

What more can we say? Poor-quality glass is inherently more prone to breakage than high-quality glass.

The solution

Always work with the best glass products, whether annealed, toughened, laminated or of another variety. ToughGlaze is a trusted UK glass processor founded in 1990. We offer a huge range of glass products, all customisable and processed in line with relevant industry standards. For more tips and guides, follow our blog .

Approved Document K and what it means for your glass

Mon, 24 Nov 2025 07:58:00 GMT

When overseeing a construction project, building regulations are all-important. Find out what Approved Document K means for your glazing.

The construction industry has never been more tightly regulated. Many would agree that the advantages of tight industrial regulations outweigh the disadvantages. However, it's undeniable that they create an administrative burden for project managers, architects and suppliers everywhere.
This is perhaps nowhere clearer than in the UK's building regulations. These are a set of safety standards applying to the design and construction of buildings. All of them share the same goal: the health and safety of the people who use buildings.
They cover everything from structural integrity to fire safety, from ventilation to accessibility. All these aspects of construction are supported by guidance documents called Approved Documents.
In the UK, all building works must be approved and certified as compliant. This responsibility can fall on the building owner or the builder – exactly who depends on the nature of the project.
In this article, we look at Approved Document K and how it affects the glass you use in a building project. This is a building regulation that focuses on protections against falling, collision and impact. It's one that touches closely on our speciality: safety glass.
Safety glass is a category of glass that's specially manufactured to reduce the risk of injury from breakage. It comes in two main forms: toughened glass and l aminated glas s . Here at ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality examples of both.

Important notes

Before we go any further, it's important to say that this article doesn't constitute official advice. The only text you should consider gospel is Approved Document K itself. This article is more about pointing you in the right direction.
Similarly, we should say that it's always the customer's responsibility to ensure compliance. A glass supplier won't (or shouldn't) tell you what exactly you need to specify to be compliant.
With these caveats out of the way, let's take a closer look at Approved Document K and its implications for your glazing.

What is Approved Document K?

Approved Document K is a UK building regulation that provides guidance on how to comply with requirements relating to protection against falling, collision and impact.
The document outlines specific measures that must be taken when designing stairs, ladders or ramps. It also specifies how glass and glazing should be protected from these things. This could be a case of erecting a physical barrier (a method known as "shielding") or the use of specialised safety glass.

The main purpose of the document is to prevent accidents such as falls from a height and injuries resulting from collisions with windows, doors and other glass installations. It applies to both renovations and new building projects.
Approved Document K has implications for the use of glass. But it also covers the following:

The geometry, pitch and width of stairs, ladders and ramps, as well as requirements for handrails and guarding
The design and placement of barriers and railings to protect against falling from places such as balconies and landings
The protections needed to prevent collisions with vehicles in loading areas
Guidance on how to prevent people from colliding with open windows and getting trapped by doors

What does Approved Document K mean for my glass?

When it comes to glazing, the key takeaway from Approved Document K is that there are some locations in a building where safety glass must be used.
This is especially true in areas where people are likely to collide with glass. These are called "critical locations" and include low-level glass (below 800 mm from the floor), glass near doors and glass balustrades.
Alternatively, these areas must be shielded by a physical barrier. Both measures are mandated to ensure the safety of the building's users and occupants.

Approved Document K also includes rules for doors, windows and how to safely clean glass.
In this context, "safety glass" refers to either toughened or laminated glass. Both are more robust and impact-resistant than standard float glass. On top of this, they break in a way deemed safer by Approved Document K.
Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) is a type of glass that shatters into lots of small, harmless, pebble-like pieces. This is owing to a sudden and dramatic change in temperature during the manufacturing process.
Laminated glass, by contrast, consists of two glass panes with a plastic interlayer. When it breaks, the fragments are more likely to stay in the unit, protecting passersby from falling glass.
Approved Document K also stipulates the use of permanent markings, known as "manifestations", on large areas of glass that could be mistaken for an opening. This is to ensure people don't collide with large, deceptive expanses of glass.
Finally, Approved Document K includes requirements to stop people from colliding with open windows or being trapped by doors.
Whatever kind of building project you're working on, you should make sure to consult Approved Document K before ordering your materials. You may need to invest in toughened or laminated glass rather than standard annealed glass to ensure compliance.

Where can building regulations be found?

UK building regulations, including Approved Document K, can be found on the official government website as well as the Planning Portal . The Planning Portal also offers additional guidance on building projects and compliance.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we stock high-quality toughened and laminated glass for use in critical locations. So, if you're looking for safety glass , get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote. With more than 30 years in the business, we have the knowledge and experience to deliver the glass you need – on spec and on time.

Acrylic mirrors vs glass mirrors in interior design

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 18:40:00 GMT

Mirrors are a staple of interior design for a reason. But which is better, acrylic or glass? Explore your options in our glass guide.

We live in the Age of Choice. Whether you're buying a pair of trainers or designing an office space, you're likely to be met with an exciting and bewildering array of possibilities.
We say "exciting and bewildering" because the Age of Choice has its pros and its cons. On the one hand, you can get closer than ever before to realising your individual vision in all its granular detail. On the other hand, it's all too easy to be struck down with a bad case of analysis paralysis.
In the world of interior design, mirrors are a strong example of this. A quick Google search will reveal that some people are passionately Team Acrylic and others fanatically Team Glass. Who's right – and more importantly, which material is right for your project?
Acrylic is popular for a reason. It's lightweight, durable, easy to shape and easy to manufacture. However, it lacks the pure reflectiveness of glass and it can't be installed outdoors.
Here at ToughGlaze, we stock high-quality mirror glass that we call TG REFLECT .In our admittedly biased opinion, it offers most of the advantages of acrylic glass with a higher level of reflectiveness. And if you get the glass toughened, it's ideal for installations where safety is a must.
So, without further ado, what are the factors you should keep in mind when choosing a material for your mirror? Let's find out.

The benefits of acrylic mirrors

Acrylic mirrors have two main benefits: they're lightweight and they're sturdy.
The lightness of acrylic makes handling and installation a breeze. Its sturdiness, meanwhile, makes it highly resistant to impact and virtually shatterproof. This makes it ideal for installations where safety is a priority.
On top of this, acrylic doesn't stain, discolour or smear easily – and if it does, it can be quickly and easily cleaned with detergent and water.

In the negative column, acrylic can only be used indoors. It also falls short in a couple of respects when compared with toughened mirror glass . It has a less pure reflectiveness and isn't as strong in terms of impact resistance. These are two key reasons why many interior designers opt for toughened glass.

The benefits of glass mirrors

Glass doesn't warp or distort. And while standard annealed glass breaks more easily than acrylic, toughened glass is extremely durable and resistant to impact.
This is because toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") is manufactured to withstand impact and break more safely than standard glass. Whereas annealed glass breaks into dangerous shards, toughened glass shatters into relatively harmless smithereens.
Combined with its perfect reflection – one that acrylic can't match – this level of safety makes it an ideal choice of material for mirrors in interior design.
It can be made to measure and cut to size. It can also be curved, bent and drilled. The only caveat here is that these modifications must be madebefore the toughened glass is fired. If you try to drill a hole in a toughened glass mirror, you're going to be cleaning up a lot of tiny pieces.
Unlike acrylic, mirror glass can be used both indoors and outdoors. In both cases, it's easy to clean. The only thing to keep in mind is that you'll need a specialist glass cleaner rather than an all-purpose detergent.
Perhaps the only factor in the minus column for mirror glass is its weight. Acrylic is undeniably lighter and easier to handle. This can make it preferable for DIY projects. But if you work with professionals, this needn't be a problem.

Acrylic or glass: which should you choose?

If you're installing your mirror outdoors, you should use mirror glass rather than acrylic. This is because acrylic can react badly to moisture and start to lose its sheen.

If you're installing your mirror indoors, your decision will be affected by a few things. The first is cost. The second is the importance of reflectiveness to you.

Acrylic provides an adequate level of reflectiveness. But if you want a pure reflection, glass is the way to go.

As well as providing a pure reflective surface, mirror glass can also be toughened for extra safety. This keeps the occupants and users of the building safe, and its durability means you're unlikely to be replacing it any time soon.
As so often in interior design, there's no one answer to the question. But for our money, toughened mirror glass does the job well – and it's cost-effective, too.

At the end of the day, TG REFLECT is a high-quality and versatile material that can help transform an indoor space. It can make a room feel bigger and brighter with no compromise on safety. What's not to like?

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we stock TG REFLECT mirror glass . This combines high levels of functional performance with high levels of aesthetic appeal. And, like all our glass products, it can be customised to meet your project's specific requirements.
It can be drilled, notched and cut to size. Its edges can be polished or bevelled, and it comes in a variety of reflective finishes. It can even be sandblasted or digitally printed with a border, logo or other design of your choosing.

TG REFLECT comes in a thickness range of four to six millimetres. It has a stock size of 6000 mm by 3000 mm – but if you need a bigger size, get in touch and we'll see what we can do.

And for your peace of mind, it's manufactured in line with the relevant industry standards. This means it complies with BS EN 12150 and bears the Kitemark seal of approval.

Looking for high-quality mirror glass, cut to size ? Don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote or explore our product range online .

Builders' guide: how to remove concrete from glass

Mon, 17 Nov 2025 08:39:00 GMT

Concrete spatters on glass are a common problem in building projects. Find out how to remove the residue in 5 easy steps.

It's a common issue faced on construction sites. At the end of a project, when it's time to tidy up, there are concrete spatters on glass.
Luckily, it's not difficult to remove those stains. You just need the right tools and the right method. However, you need to be careful not to scratch the glass as you go.
So, without further ado, here's how to remove concrete from glass on a building site. We hope it helps with those vital finishing touches.

What tools do you need to remove concrete from glass?

To remove concrete from glass, you need three things:

Something to soak the concrete
Something to blot it with
Something to scrape it off

For soaking, you can use water, a solution of detergent and water, WD40 or a specialist concrete remover. Whatever you choose, make sure it's suitable for spraying onto glass. If it's too harsh or abrasive, you could end up scratching or otherwise damaging the surface.
There are many types of concrete remover on the market. Some also work with plaster and grouting. You can get concrete remover in a spray bottle or in a carton. In the latter case, you'll need to decant the solution into a spray bottle.
When using concrete remover, make sure you follow the instructions. You'll need to know, for instance, how long to leave it on the concrete before blotting and scraping.

To blot the concrete, you'll need a sponge or scrubber of some kind. As with the liquid, this must be gentle to avoid damaging the glass.
Finally, you'll need something to scrape the concrete with. This could be a plastic putty knife or a blade. If it's a metal blade, you'll need to be extra careful not to scratch the glass. Types of blades used for this job include Stanley knife blades and razor blades.
If you don't have any of these tools to hand, you may be able to complete the job with an old debit or credit card.

How to get concrete off glass in five easy steps

Wet the concrete stain until it's soaked.
Spray the concrete with your cleaning solution.
Blot the stain with a sponge or scrubber. Don't let it dry out and don't apply too much pressure. Keep blotting until the concrete has softened.
Use the scraper to remove the concrete. As with the sponge or scrubber, be careful not to apply too much pressure, as this can scratch the glass.
Rinse the glass with water. If necessary, do another pass with the scraper. Repeat until the glass is clean.

Looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass sheets for a building project? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote, or explore our product range online .

Acoustic glass ratings explained

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 19:03:00 GMT

Acoustic glass provides soundproofing to domestic and commercial properties. Find out how it's rated in our jargon-free glass guide.

Glass has always served a multitude of different functions. It keeps out the wind and rain, for starters. But it can also provide privacy, protection against impact, energy efficiency and soundproofing.
Perhaps you need a glass screen in a recording studio. Perhaps your home is near a main road and you're keen to dull the roar of the traffic. Maybe you want to keep boardroom conversations away from prying ears.
Whatever the reason, glass can help reduce the noise coming in and out of a property. But if you need that little bit extra, acoustic glass is the way to go.
Acoustic glass is a type of glass product built to reduce the amount of noise heard by people inside a building. It can help make a building a more pleasant environment – something that can benefit households and businesses alike.
And like many of today's glass products, it's highly customisable. Whether you need it to complement an existing aesthetic or want it frosted for privacy purposes, acoustic glass delivers versatility as well as volume reduction.
Not any old glass can be classed as acoustic glass. To be given that label, it has to be tested and rated accordingly.
Here at ToughGlaze, we supply TG AG – a versatile and durable product ideal for both domestic and commercial settings. Needless to say, it's tested and rated thoroughly and is suitable for all the applications we mention. But before we dive into how acoustic glass is rated – what is it, exactly?

What is acoustic glass?

Acoustic glass is a type of laminated glass specially designed to reduce the amount of noise coming in and out of a building.
Laminated glass is a unit. It consists of two sheets of glass (sometimes toughened) bonded with a plastic interlayer. This provides structural integrity – and when the glass is thick, it can also deliver soundproofing qualities.
No piece of glass can completely soundproof a space. But it can dramatically reduce the level of noisy nuisances like aircraft, traffic and even rain.

Acoustic glass is effective. However, its overall effectiveness is partly determined by the quality of the installation. It must be fitted into a similarly sound-reducing framing system to maximise its effect.

What are the ratings for acoustic glass?

Acoustic glass is rated using something called the "weighted sound reduction index". This is measured in decibels (dB) – a unit of measurement for volume.
A higher weighted sound reduction index rating indicates a greater ability to block out noise. This is notated as "Rw".
The Rw of a sheet of glass is complemented by correction factors. These include C (for higher frequencies) and Ctr (for lower frequencies). Together, the Rw rating and its correction factors provide buyers with a picture of how the glass will function in the real world.
A standard double-glazed window might have an Rw of around 25 to 30 decibels. Acoustic glass goes further. It can have an Rw from 35 to 50 decibels. This superior level of performance makes it ideal for applications where noise reduction is a priority.

How is acoustic glass tested?

The glass industry is now highly regulated and standardised. Security glass, for instance, has to undergo physical attack simulations. Meanwhile, all our glass products are manufactured to meet BS EN and ISO standards and carry the Kitemark seal of approval.
Acoustic glass is no exception. To qualify as acoustic glass, the glass has to be physically tested in specialised test chambers. These chambers ensure the sound is only travelling through the glass and not through any other acoustic avenues.
A loud noise is played in the chamber and in another room. These levels are then compared and the sound reduction index is calculated.
Laboratory ratings, expressed as Rw, are typically used for glass specifications. On-site measurements, however, may be expressed as a weighted level difference such as DnTw.

When you work with ToughGlaze, you can be sure that our acoustic glass products are all tested to ensure superior performance. What's more, the basic materials are also tested for strength. The result is a product that's robust and deadening in equal measure.

What are the applications of acoustic glass?

Acoustic glass is used in a wide variety of settings. These encompass residential buildings, commercial premises and industrial facilities.
Wherever it's used, its primary purpose is to reduce noise. But high-quality acoustic glass can also improve thermal efficiency, security, privacy and even aesthetic appeal. These multiple functions are one reason why you should always aim to work with an experienced glass processor that supplies high-quality products.
Acoustic glass is used in offices, homes, schools, hospitals, hotels and cinemas to block external and internal noise. It's also used in rehearsal rooms and recording studios where musical sounds need to be isolated.
The precise Rw of a piece of acoustic glass will depend on the application. A window installed to reduce traffic noise, for instance, will have a lower Rw than one installed next to a plane runway. When in doubt, ask your glass supplier for guidance.

How we can help

At ToughGlaze, we stock TG AG – a bespoke acoustic glass product designed to keep noise to a minimum.
Like all our toughened and laminated products, TG AG can be heavily customised. It can be fire-rated for extra fire safety. It can be made switchable for extra privacy. It can be digitally printed with logos, texts or other designs. It can even be made sturdy enough to walk on.
On top of this, TG AG is Kitemark-certified and compliant with all relevant British standards.
All in all, it's a sturdy and versatile product that can help you reduce noise levels in any domestic, commercial or industrial setting. Are you looking for high-quality acoustic glass panels ? Look no further than TG AG, our specialist acoustic glass product. Contact our experts today for a quick, competitive quote.

How is coloured glass made?

Mon, 10 Nov 2025 08:56:00 GMT

Coloured glass comes in many forms and is produced with many techniques. Explore this most vibrant of glass products in our guide.

Glass has always been about more than just functionality. Craftspeople in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia started making glass way back in the third millennium BC. Back then, this now-ubiquitous material was used to fashion decorative coloured beads and other objects.
Fast forward to the fourth and fifth centuries AD and the churches of Europe were adorned with coloured glass . Today, coloured glass is everywhere. Walk through any city and you'll see shopfronts, skyscrapers and even elevators made from brilliant coloured glass.
So, how is it made? As so often in the world of glass, there's more than one answer.

There are many different ways to add colour to glass. However, the different methods fall into two main categories: adding colour to glass when it's molten and adding colour to glass when it's finished.
Here at ToughGlaze, our coloured glass is made from two sheets of glass with a coloured interlayer. It combines the structural advantages of laminated glass (durability, insulation, security and more) with the almost limitless aesthetic potential of stained glass.

Tinting with metal oxides

This is the most common method for colouring glass. The principle is simple: metal oxides are mixed into the molten glass. When it sets, the colour sets with it.
This is how stained glass has been made for centuries. Craftspeople would stir in metallic oxides and let the mixture set. It would then be blown into sheets, cut to size and the pieces joined together with lead strips and putty.
Remove the lead and putty and that's pretty much how it's done today. Glass processors use specific metal oxides to give glass a whole host of brilliant colours. That includes cobalt oxide for blue, manganese dioxide for purple and pink, cadmium sulphide for yellow glass, and so on.

Tinting with nanoparticles

This technique is similar to tinting with metal oxides. But instead of a metal oxide, a colloid is added. This is where tiny suspended particles known as "striking glasses" are added to the molten glass. Commonly used colloids include gold ruby and selenium ruby.

Milk glass

Milk glass is a kind of opaque or translucent glass. It's often produced in white – hence the name – but can also be manufactured in colours such as black, blue, pink and yellow.

It was first made in 16th-century Venice – at that time, the glassmaking capital of the world. Back then, it was made by adding tin, zinc oxide or bone ash to the glass.
It was primarily used to make an affordable imitation of porcelain. Once manufactured, it was often painted with enamels.Today, milk glass is mostly used to make vases, bowls, plates, jewellery and other items that are both decorative and functional.

Adding pre-coloured components

As well as adding oxides and nanoparticles to molten glass, pre-coloured components can be added to the glass once it's been manufactured. There are many different versions of this method. These range from historic techniques to modern-day advances.

Enamelled glass: this is where powdered glass is added to the glass and then fired in the kiln. The result is a permanent coloured coating.
Glass paint: this does what it says on the tin. Glass paint comes in a range of colours and is manufactured to resist chipping and fading.
Silver staining: this technique has been around for centuries. It involves using a silver compound to create a yellow-to-orange stain. To this day, it's used in the manufacturing of stained glass and the restoration of old windows.
Frit: this consists of small pieces of crushed glass. Fritting involves applying colour to different types of glass. The frit is applied to the surface of the glass and they're fired together in the kiln.
Flashed glass: this is a type of glass with a thin layer of coloured glass fused onto a sheet of glass. It's sometimes used to make ruby-coloured glass. If the glass were fully thick, the glass would be too dark – but with flashed glass, the glass stays translucent.

All these methods have their advantages. But for applications where strength is required, many installers and designers turn to laminated glass fitted with coloured interlayers.
This gives buildings the durability of laminated glass with a pop of colour. In other words, it combines functionality and decoration like nothing else.
Many different kinds of interlayers are available on the market. Here at ToughGlaze, we use Vanceva interlayers. Here's why.

Vanceva interlayers

Some kinds of coloured glass come in a limited selection of colours. With Vanceva interlayers, however, you have a virtually unlimited selection.

This is because the Vanceva Colour Studio palette comes in 13 basic colours. Out of these, around 3,000 shades can be fashioned.

Each shade can be made translucent by adding an Arctic Snow or Cool White interlayer. These can also be used to create an elegant frosted surface – perfect for installations where a bit of extra privacy is called for. You can also go 100% opaque with the Polar White interlayer.
Yes, with Vanceva colour interlayers, versatility is the order of the day. Whatever effect you have in mind, our coloured glass panels can translate it into reality.
Our TG CI range uses extraordinarily resilient pigments that last for years – even when faced with direct sunlight. And because these coloured units are laminated and toughened, you can expect high levels of thermal efficiency, noise reducing properties – and above all, strength.
Our coloured glass panels can be cut to any size up to 2600 mm by 4300 mm and between 9.5 mm and 60 mm thick.And like all our products, they're manufactured in accordance with the relevant industry standards. In the case of coloured glass, these include EN 12600 (resistance against impact) and EN 14449 (laminated glass).
Are you looking for high-quality coloured glass, cut to size ? At ToughGlaze, we've supplied glass to architects and construction firms for more than 30 years. Get in touch today to discuss your specification and request a quick, competitive quote.

What architects can learn from the world's longest glass bridge

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 08:43:00 GMT

The world's longest glass bridge is 632 metres long and 150 metres high. Find out what it can teach architects about the potential of glass.

You probably know the world's highest mountain. You might know the world's longest river. You might even know the world's tallest building. But how about the world's longest glass bridge?
Not ringing any bells? We don't blame you. This marvel of engineering is hardly a household name – but in our opinion, it should be.
Located in Vietnam's Moc Chau Island resort, the glass-bottomed Bach Long Glass Bridge stretches 632 metres (2,073 feet). This colossal construction hangs suspended 150 metres (492 feet) over a lush valley.
The bridge is known as the "white dragon". When you see a picture of it swooping across the valley, connecting two peaks, it's easy to see why.
And just like a dragon, the Bach Long Glass Bridge isn't for the faint of heart. Visitors get to cross the valley with nothing but breathtaking views at their feet.
"Standing on the bridge," an official source says , "visitors can admire the majesty of the northwest mountains and forests, [and] feel the nature full of sunshine and wind floating in the magical air."
With its astonishing size, impressive load-bearing capacity and stunning mountainous location, the world's longest glass bridge has plenty to teach architects across the world. Here are five lessons from the white dragon.

1. Glass has astonishing load-bearing potential

The load-bearing potential of glass is nothing new. Glass balconies – check. Glass stairways – check. Glass walkways – well, you get the idea.
But remarkable as they are, these installations pale in comparison to the Bach Long Glass Bridge. Depending on who you ask, it can carry between 450 and 500 people at a time.
This is possible thanks to the incredible sturdiness and load-bearing potential of structural glass. The bridge is made of three layers of toughened glass . Each layer is about one-and-a-half inches thick. It's held up by two 30 metre-high towers and Korean load-bearing cables.

We say "toughened glass" – but we don't just mean the kind of toughened glass you might install in a window, door or kitchen splashback. This is toughened glass manufactured at the World Glass Complex in Sriperumbudur, India , reinforced and laminated for extra strength.
Each unit boasts several layers of SentryGate Plus (SGP) vinyl. These are the materials typically used in areas vulnerable to hurricanes and cyclones.
The beauty of laminated glass is the way it breaks. Essentially, a laminated glass unit can break but not shatter. When the upper pane finally gives way, it stays in its unit until it's repaired.
This miracle material is coated with an anti-slip ceramic-printing treatment . Together, they create a bridge that can be used by hundreds of people at a time. And as well as keeping them safe, it really looks the part.
The lesson for architects is clear. If more than 400 people can walk from one mountain to another on a glass bridge, there's no reason to eschew glass walkways for your projects. The sky, as they say, is the limit.

2. Glass blends in

To say the Bach Long Glass Bridge catches the eye would be an understatement. But the keen-eyed among you will notice that while it grabs attention, it doesn't hog the scene.
In fact, the bridge draws attention to the lush beauty of the valley and the surrounding mountains. It works with the landscape, not against it.
Glass's ability to blend in makes it ideal for applications in areas of natural beauty – or areas of manmade beauty that need to be conserved.
A skilled architect can design a glass structure that complements and enhances the scene without crowding it out. And she could do worse than look to the Bach Long Glass Bridge for inspiration.

3.Glass can thrill the senses

The world is full of jaw-dropping glass buildings. But a structure like the Bach Long Glass Bridge can reinvigorate our sense of what glass can do. With its 150-metre drop and astounding surroundings, it's as thrilling as a theme park ride.

It doesn't matter what project you're working on – a skyscraper, a train station or a feature within an existing building. Glass can help create designs that engage occupants and visitors without compromising safety or functionality.

4. Glass can attract visitors

Large-scale architectural projects are never just about the architecture. They're also about raising the profile of an area – and in the case of the Bach Long Glass Bridge, about driving tourism back to Vietnam after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The bridge, you see, isn't the only attraction in the area. There are villas, zip-lines, hotels and even a glass-bottomed infinity pool .
At six o'clock each evening, the bridge sparkles with thousands of colourful lights. And at the end of the bridge is Chim Than Cave – a naturally occurring cave filled with huge stalactites.
None of that would make the headlines, however, if it weren't for the glass bridge at the heart of the island resort.It's all testament to the power and versatility of glass as a structural material. The lesson is clear: if you want to bring tourists to an area, a little glass can go a long way.

5. Glass structures can be built to withstand extreme conditions

The Moc Chau region is vulnerable to heavy rainfall and flooding. Despite this, the Bach Long Glass Bridge stands strong. This is only possible thanks to the architectural potential of toughened and laminated glass . These are materials regularly used in areas prone to cyclones, hurricanes and other extreme weather events.
As the world's climate changes, architects will look for ways to future-proof their buildings. The Bach Long Glass Bridge teaches us that safety glass will be indispensable to the task.
Are you looking for high-quality glass for architecture ? As a trusted UK glass processor, ToughGlaze has supplied leading architects for more than 30 years. Get in touch with our experts today to discuss your project or request a quote.

Why does glass shatter, exactly? The science explained

Mon, 03 Nov 2025 08:31:00 GMT

Different types of glass shatter in different ways. Explore the science behind the shattering in our guide today.

Glass is inherently brittle. Anyone who's dropped a glass will have seen how it appears to fly apart, its shards and splinters scattering surprisingly far and wide.

Today, many doors, windows, shopfronts and other building features are made from toughened or laminated glass. Toughened glass shatters into smithereens, unlike standard annealed glass. Laminated glass , meanwhile, stays in its frame even when smashed under impact.
But why does glass shatter at all? As with all the physical properties of materials, it comes back to atoms.

Why is glass brittle?

There are two main types of solids: crystalline solids and amorphous solids.

A crystalline solid, such as a diamond or a grain of sugar, has a repeating internal structure. An amorphous solid, by contrast, has a random and disordered arrangement of atoms. Glass falls into this second category.

This lack of atomic order means that glass has no slip planes. These are planes of atoms that can slide past each other. It also means they can't undergo a process called "plastic deformation".

The result? A material that shatters rather than warping, bending or becoming dented.

Why does glass shatter?

When stress is applied to glass, the stress concentrates at tiny flaws on the surface. This exceeds the strength of atomic bonds – an overpowering force that forms a crack.

Because of the lack of slip planes, the crack travels easily through the disordered atomic network without changing direction or stopping.

This is a key difference between glass and metal. When stress is applied to metal, it undergoes plastic deformation. Atoms slip past one another, allowing the metal to bend or stretch without breaking.

What causes glass to shatter?

Glass isn't always broken by physical impact. It can also shatter because of thermal stress, when one part of the glass gets hotter or colder faster than the other.
Other causes include internal stresses, scratches or chips, and structural pressure caused by inappropriate installation.

Why does toughened glass break differently?

Toughened glass is a type of safety glass used in locations where the safety of passersby and building occupants is a priority. Rather than breaking into sharp shards, a pane of toughened glass breaks into pebble-like smithereens.
This is a direct result of the manufacturing process. Toughened glass is heated at a high temperature before being rapidly cooled.

This makes the outer surface harden while the inside of the glass is still molten. A compressive layer is created on the surface that makes it harder to break.

It takes a lot of effort to break toughened glass. When it finally gives way, the locked-up tension is released and it shatters into smithereens.

ToughGlaze is a trusted, UK-based supplier of toughened glass . To learn more about glass and its many uses, follow our glass processing blog .

When to choose heat-strengthened glass over toughened glass

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 23:23:00 GMT

Heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass are made with similar methods but their applications vary. Learn which might be best for your project.

To the layman, glass is a single material: the stuff used to make everything from tumblers to high-end elevators.But in the industrial sphere, "glass" is an umbrella term – and it's one big umbrella.
A single building project might call for several different types of glass. The selection process will depend on a range of factors: cost, of course, but also durability, thermal efficiency, aesthetics and more.
Take the difference between heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass . Both are stronger than standard annealed glass thanks to their manufacturing process. This involves heating them at high temperatures and then cooling them.
Despite their similarities, however, these two staple materials are used for different applications – and project managers need to be up to speed with the differences.
Perhaps the clearest difference relates to strength. Both types of glass are stronger than their annealed counterparts. However, on a scale of strength, heat-strengthened glass falls somewhere between annealed glass and toughened glass.
So, when would you choose one over the other? Let's explore some of the key use cases.

When is heat-strengthened glass better than toughened glass?

When you need strong glass, but not safety glass

Heat-strengthened glass is stronger than standard annealed glass but not as strong as toughened glass. It's also cheaper than toughened glass.
This means one thing. If you need strong glass but building regulations don't call for toughened glass, heat-strengthened glass is the more cost-effective solution of the two.

When thermal stress resistance is a priority

Heat-strengthened glass can also be a preferred choice for large external walls. This is because it provides superior thermal stress resistance compared to toughened glass.
In some cases, safety regulations require the use of toughened glass. If not, heat-strengthened glass can be a durable, affordable choice. Moreover, it provides a sheer optical clarity that toughened glass doesn't.

When optical clarity is a priority

In most settings, toughened glass looks the part as well as fulfilling its role. But the nature of the manufacturing process means it's more likely to have optical distortion.
If optical clarity is a high priority – and building regulations permit – then heat-strengthened glass can be a better choice than toughened glass.

When you want glass to maintain its shape after breaking

This use case relates to the distinctive breakage patterns of toughened glass and heat-strengthened glass.See, toughened glass is hard to break. But when it does break, it shatters into tiny, blunt pieces.
Heat-strengthened glass, on the other hand, breaks like standard annealed glass. It shatters into large, sharp shards.This might not sound like much of a benefit. However, it does have one key advantage: heat-strengthened glass is more likely to maintain its shape and stay in its frame after breaking. If toughened glass was used, the tiny pieces would fall out of the frame.
This makes heat-strengthened glass ideal for situations where you want to minimise the likelihood of glass fragments falling. It's also useful for situations where it's acceptable for broken glass to remain in place for some time while you arrange a repair.
These, then, are some common use cases for heat-strengthened glass. But some installations call for toughened glass – and more often than not, this is because it's required by safety codes and building regulations.

When should you choose toughened glass over heat-strengthened glass?

Toughened glass should be used where safety is a primary concern. This includes (but isn't limited to) shower enclosures, pool fences, overhead glazing, and doors and windows in certain positions.
Building projects are now strictly regulated, and these regulations call for safety glass, including toughened glass, to be used in certain applications.
These are mostly locations likely to experience a high level of human traffic. In these instances, toughened glass must be used to ensure the safety of occupants, visitors and passersby.
If you're working on a project where these regulations don't apply, heat-strengthened glass could be a good choice – especially if you want to keep material costs down.

What is heat-strengthened glass?

Heat-strengthened glass is what it says on the tin. A sheet of standard annealed glass is heated to a high temperature and then cooled.
The finished product is about twice as strong as annealed glass but less strong than toughened glass. It breaks into larger and blunter pieces than annealed glass but lacks the distinctive breakage pattern of toughened glass.

The strength of heat-strengthened glass is a key consideration when choosing whether to use it over toughened glass.Like toughened glass, heat-strengthened glass can be laminated. This involves sandwiching a plastic interlayer (often PVB) between two sheets of glass. This creates a unit that retains its structural integrity when broken. In the case of fire-rated glass, the interlayer can be a gel-like substance.

What is toughened glass?

You could say that toughened glass is heat-strengthened glass and then some. Its extra strength comes from the "quenching" or "tempering" end of the manufacturing process.
Both heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass are cooled once they come out of the furnace. Toughened glass, however, is cooled much more rapidly.
This does something special – and useful – to the molecules inside the glass. Whereas a sheet of heat-strengthened glass will break into large shards, toughened glass will break into lots of tiny, blunt particles.
A shattered pane of glass is a shattered pane of glass – not something anyone wants to see, still less be exposed to.But in buildings where there's lots of human traffic, toughened glass can be used to ensure that injuries are minimised.Like heat-strengthened glass, toughened glass can be laminated. This creates an even more durable and thermally efficient unit.

What are the key differences between heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass?

There are four key differences between heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass.

1. Safety

Along with laminated glass, toughened glass is classified as safety glass. While heat-strengthened glass is stronger than annealed glass, it doesn't qualify as safety glass.

2. Breakage

Heat-strengthened glass and toughened glass break in different ways. The former breaks into large, sharp pieces while the latter shatters into many small, blunt, pebble-like fragments. This means toughened glass is often the safer option.

3. Strength

Heat-strengthened glass is around twice as strong as standard annealed glass but weaker than toughened glass.

4. The manufacturing process

Both types of glass are heat-treated, but toughened glass is cooled more rapidly. It's this rapid quenching that gives toughened glass its distinctive breakage pattern.
Are you looking for high-quality heat-strengthened glass or toughened glass ? We can help. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our range of products online .

Glass water jet cutting: how it works

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 08:27:00 GMT

How are complicated glass products cut? Processors often use a method called water jet cutting. Discover how the process works.

Perhaps one of humanity's greatest achievements is our ability to harness the elements to our advantage.Wind turbines and solar panels are obvious examples – but did you know that a huge range of materials can be cut with water?
Water jet cutting is an industrial method that involves shooting a high-pressure jet of water mixed with an abrasive substance (often garnet).
And when we say "high pressure", we mean high pressure. These jets of water can be up to 90,000 pounds per square inch (psi).
Water jet cutting can cut pretty much anything – from metal to concrete, from plastic to glass.
In the world of glass, the main exception is toughened glass . This can only be cut before it's toughened. If you attempt to cut it once it's out of the furnace, you'll be left with lots of tiny glass pieces.
As well as being highly versatile, water jet cutting can create intricate shapes quickly and cost-effectively. And it does so without causing heat distortion, cracking, melting or other kinds of damage.
Different glass processors use different cutting methods. But for versatility, precision and the quality of the end result, water jet cutting is hard to beat. The coldness of the water makes it ideal for glass, which can be sensitive to thermal pressure.
Mirrors, shop fits, exhibition stands, partitions – these are just some of the industrial applications of glass water jet cutting. In this article, we take a look at this most powerful and precise of cutting methods.

What are the key benefits of glass water jet cutting?

In our view, there are three key benefits of glass water jet cutting: it's versatile, it's precise and it's clean.Versatile, because water jet cutting can cut almost any type of glass – from standard annealed glass all the way up to super-tough laminated products. It can even cut through stacks of glass. (If you want to cut toughened glass, however, you have to do that before it's fired – never after.)
Precise, because it can produce highly intricate glass shapes that hand-cutting or CNC cutting struggle to accomplish. If you see an elaborate glass shape, chances are it was cut by a water jet.
And clean, because the results are virtually blemish-free. Water jet cutting is a cold cutting method, and it doesn't vibrate the glass. This means the glass doesn't experience heat distortion and the edges are satin-smooth.
Sometimes, a CNC machine will do the job. But for versatility, precision and a clean finish, water jet cutting is often the way to go.

How does water jet cutting work?

Water jet cutting is not unlike a garden hose. Water gets pressurised and fired out of a tube.The difference is that the water inside a water jet cutting machine can be up to 90,000 psi and is forced out of the hose at up to three times the speed of sound.
The water is mixed with an abrasive substance – typically garnet. This often used in industrial contexts, such as jewellery making.
We've differentiated water jet cutting from CNC cutting, but water jet cutting machines use CNC technology too. The machine is programmed and the jet follows the inputted design.

What can you cut with water jets?

Water jet cutting has versatility on its side. It can cut an astonishing array of materials: porcelain, stoneware, metals, Perspex, acrylic, granite, marble, foam, rubber and wood.
It can also cut refractory materials like bricks and ceramics and a wide range of glass products. These different materials can be layered and cut in bulk.
Our speciality is glass – and water jet cutting machines can be used to cut plenty of different types of glass to produce different products.
Most relevant to our expertise, water jets can cut laminated glass products. These are types of glass produced specifically for "critical locations" where an extra layer of safety is required.
Laminated glass is up to six times as strong as standard annealed glass and has a distinctive breakage pattern. Despite this difference, it can still be cut into intricate shapes by water jets.

What products can be made with water jet cutting?

Lots of products can be manufactured and processed by water jet cutting. That includes:

Tabletop inlays
Shower screens
Glass doors
Holes in glass doors for hardware
Balustrades
Partitions
Floors
Stair treads

It's an essential tool in the glass processor's arsenal that makes a wide range of structural glazing possible.

Water jet cutting vs CNC cutting

Water jet cutting is ideal for glass, whereas CNC cutting machines tend to be used for softer materials.CNC machines use rotating tools to mill materials. This means they offer a wider range of edge finishes than water jet cutters, which only provide a single smooth edge.
On the other hand, water jet cutting enables processors to create more complex and intricate shapes than a CNC machine.Neither method is better – it all depends on what a processor is trying to achieve. For laminated glass, however, it's often the best method available.

Other ways to cut glass

Alternative methods of cutting glass include cutting wheels, CO₂ lasers and filament cutting. You can learn more in our guide to how glass suppliers cut glass .

How glass can support accessibility

Tue, 21 Oct 2025 18:09:00 GMT

Accessibility is a growing concern in building design. Discover the pivotal role glass can play in making spaces more accessible.

Whatever your feelings about the present day, it's hard to deny that we live in a time when accessibility to buildings is at an all-time high.
Yes, there's progress to be made. But compared to even 20 years ago, commercial and residential buildings boast a high level of accessibility.
This is partly, of course, because of legislation and compliance. Standards need to be met before a building project gets the go-ahead.
But it's not just about ticking boxes. It's also about showing care and thoughtfulness towards the full range of people who might visit your building. This demonstrates a commitment to inclusiveness that can pull a team together.
Accessibility is no one thing. As with sustainability, it's a bundle of tools, techniques and features that add up to an accessible building.
Glass isn't crucial to all of these. But it can play a big part in making a building accessible. Here's how.

Enhanced visibility

Transparent walls, partitions and bannisters are often praised for their aesthetic qualities. But did you know they can also help a building become more accessible?
This is partly because people with visual impairments may find navigation difficult. By installing glass walls and bannisters, the space becomes easier to navigate – especially when combined with high-contrast visibility markings.
Put simply, the further you can see, the easier it is to orient yourself. For some disabilities, this can make a huge difference to the experience of using a building. What's more, it helps reduce the chances of accidents. The aesthetic appeal is just the cherry on the cake.

Safety glass

Glass walls, partitions, bannisters and other architectural features are often made from toughened and laminated glass . This helps create a built environment that's safe for all to use.
Structural glass is manufactured for safety. Toughened glass is built to break safely – and once installed in a laminated unit, it maintains its structural integrity under impact, too.

Safety glass alone won't make a building accessible. However, as part of a wider accessibility strategy, it can erect safe, sturdy barriers in an environment suitable for all.

Smart glass and voice control

Smart glass is one of the wonders of the modern world – yet one that flies surprisingly low beneath the radar. This is glass that can be changed from opaque to transparent at the touch of a button or the utterance of a voice command.
The fact you may not have heard of it could be because its applications have yet to be rolled out at scale. They remain, however, wide-ranging and remarkable.
Take the question of accessibility. Transparency can often make buildings more user-friendly. However, some people living with visual impairments or dyslexia can find it challenging.
Smart glass helps you bridge that divide. You get to have an open, light-filled environment that can be darkened or shaded to meet a person's accessibility needs.
Moreover, smart glass can be operated either by voice command or through a smartphone or other smart device app. This gives people options depending on their accessibility requirements.
Smart glass has other advantages. It shows that you're forward-thinking and committed to adopting new technologies. It allows you to have privacy in meeting rooms and other spaces on demand. And it also just, well, looks really good.

Fire-rated glass

Safety glass is designed to withstand impact. Fire-rated glass , by comparison, is there to protect you from fire, smoke and heat.
It's made in different ways. At ToughGlaze, our fire-rated glass units have a gel-like interlayer. When this reaches a certain point, it expands, retarding the spread of fire. This gives the building's occupants longer to evacuate – and the emergency services longer to arrive.
But did you know that fire-rated glass can also help make your building more accessible to people with both physical and cognitive disabilities?

In the event of a fire, it can be difficult for people with disabilities to evacuate. Fire-rated glass improves the process by providing them with longer sight-lines. At a moment of stress, this can be invaluable.
And, of course, this navigation-enhancing quality doesn't come at the expense of fire resistance or safety more generally. The use of laminated glass means fire-rated doors are as good at improving accessibility as they are at stopping the spread of fires.

Natural light

Think "accessibility" and you may not think about natural light. Indeed, it's not, so far as we know, considered an aspect of accessibility in legislation or compliance documentation.
It is, however, an integral part of making a commercial or residential place feel welcoming. Some even argue it can improve staff mental health.
The findings aren't conclusive. But it seems undeniable that most people would rather work in a well-lit environment than a dingy one. Glass features like partitions, walls, bannisters and skylights can all help in this respect.

What legal requirements are there for accessibility?

In the UK, compliance regarding accessibility mainly centres on Part M of the Building Regulations 2010. This requires "reasonable provision" to be made for people with disabilities.
It covers features as wide-ranging as step-free access, corridor and doorway width, accessible bathrooms and clear signage. The Equality Act 2010 also requires businesses to make "reasonable adjustments" of these kinds.
Other relevant documentation includes BS EN 17210:2021 and, in some cases, the BS 8300 guidelines on inclusive design.When working with a glass supplier, make sure they're clear about their adherence to the standards, guidelines and legislation that apply to you. This will maximise your chances of success in your construction project.
Are you looking for commercial glass solutions to improve your building's accessibility? As a trusted UK glass processor, we can cut, process and ship glass products to your exact requirements. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our product range online .

Choosing fire-rated glass for fire doors: 5 expert tips

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 16:20:00 GMT

Need a batch of fire-rated glass for doors, but not sure what to choose? Here are 5 tips to make sure you get the right materials for the job.

In some settings, fire doors are a requirement, not an option.
This is the case in multi-occupied buildings such as flats and HMOs (houses in multiple occupation). Fire doors need to be installed in stairwells and corridors, and they should separate the property from an integrated garage.

In private homes, fire doors are legally required if the property has three or more storeys or two storeys and an integrated garage.
If you want to include glass in these doors, the glass must be fire-rated. This is a specialised glass product that contains fire and smoke. Different products can contain the fire for shorter or longer periods. The longer the containment, the more time occupants have to evacuate and emergency services have to arrive.
So, what do you need to know when shopping for fire-rated glass for fire doors? Here are five things to keep in mind.

1. Know your ratings

How do you know how fire-resistant a window is? You can't tell by looking or touching. Instead, you have to rely on fire resistance ratings.
There are two fire resistance ratings: E ratings and I ratings. They're often presented together as EI ratings.An E rating measures the integrity of the glass product. In this context, integrity refers to the glass's ability to prevent flames from passing through. It doesn't cover any protection against heat. This is covered by the I rating, in which "I" stands for "insulation".
An EI rating tells you how long the product can block flames, gases and heat. These can go up to 180 minutes (EI180).
At ToughGlaze, our fire-rated glass is available in different specs. At its highest, it delivers protection from flames and heat for 120 minutes or more.
It's helpful to have a handle on fire ratings before entering into talks with a glass supplier. A good supplier, however, will be happy to answer any questions you have.

2. Know your building codes

Different buildings require different fire ratings. These requirements are based on several factors, including the type of building, its location and the nature of its occupancy.
To install the right kind of fire-rated glass, you need to check your local building codes and standards. You can find these in Approved Document B (Fire Safety) of the UK Building Regulations.
It's an area of building design where compromise isn't an option. So, make sure you know your building codes before placing an order for fire-rated glass.

3. Know your types of fire-rated glass

There are different kinds of fire-rated glass on the market. The three most common are wired glass, tempered (or toughened) fire-resistant glass and laminated fire-resistant glass.

Wired glass was the go-to for many years. It works by maintaining integrity with wire mesh embedded in the glass. These days, it's given way to toughened and laminated glass . These are safer products offering higher levels of all-around performance.

Toughened fire-resistance glass is strong – up to five times as strong as standard annealed glass. It's also impressively resistant to thermal stress. On its own, however, it's not considered suitable for high-level fire resistance.
For this, laminated fire-resistant glass is required. Laminated glass is a kind of unit made up of two sheets of glass with a plastic or gel interlayer.
Laminated glass is most often used for its durability and ability to withstand heavy impacts. In the case of fire resistance, however, the interlayer has a secondary purpose: to block the spread of fire and heat for a specified length of time.
At ToughGlaze, our fire-rated glass has a gel-like interlayer which expands when it reaches a certain temperature. It can resist fire for up to 120 minutes, giving building occupants time to evacuate and emergency services time to arrive.

4. Know your systems

Fire-rated glass isn't a standalone product. To work effectively, it needs to be compatible with its framing, seals and fixings. Taken together, this is known as a "system".
At the end of the day, a fire resistance rating doesn't amount to much if it's not part of a bigger system. So, before you buy your glass, make sure it's compatible with the other essential components.
Here at ToughGlaze, our team of glass fabrication experts has made sure that TG FR works with all major glazing and profile systems. You can be confident our glass will suit your purposes – but if in doubt, just ask.

5. Know what to look for in a supplier

It doesn't matter how good the fire-rated glass product is. If your supplier isn't reliable, professional and experienced, you could be putting your project at risk.
A good supplier won't hide behind a script or behind science. They'll answer any questions you have clearly and promptly – and they won't cut any corners when it comes to important details.
Of course, it's not immediately obvious whether a supplier will provide this kind of service. So, what can you look out for when finding the right supplier for the job?
First, you should check for testimonials. If no one is singing the firm's praises but the firm itself, look elsewhere.Secondly, and equally importantly, you should keep an eye out for industry accreditations. In the context of fire-rated glass, these include the Kitemark seal of approval, BS EN standards and EI ratings.
Finally, you should be confident that any doubts you have will be answered promptly and professionally. Supplier dodging the question? It's time to take your business elsewhere.
Are you looking for high-quality, made-to-measure fire-rated glass ? TG FR from ToughGlaze offers up to 120 minutes of protection without compromising optical clarity. Get in touch with our team today to discuss your requirements or request a quote.

Construction procurement at Christmas: how to plan effectively

Mon, 13 Oct 2025 22:17:00 GMT

Sourcing building supplies in the run-up to Christmas? It's not easy. Learn how to keep things running smoothly without ruining your holidays.

It's a cliché, but it's true. Christmas might be a time for rest and relaxation, but it's often impossible to rest and relax.
The same is true for the construction industry at this most wonderful time of the year. Project managers often find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand, there's an increase in project tenders. On the other hand, well, pretty much everyone's on holiday.
Many construction sites and contractors take a break. This will often consist of the two weeks allowed by the Working Rule Agreement, with a bit of annual leave thrown in for good measure.
Naturally, this means the industry temporarily slows down. In 2024, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported that "monthly construction output is estimated to have decreased 0.5% in volume terms in December 2023; this came solely from a decrease in new work (1.1% fall)".
Higher demand and reduced operating hours don't make for great bedfellows. Often, project managers suffer from supply chain disruptions – and this at a time when supply chains are already under pressure.
So, how can you increase your chances of success at this tricky time? Here are five things to keep in mind.

1. Plan, plan, plan

Christmas procurement is a lot like Christmas shopping. The more time you give yourself, the more likely you are to see someone's face light up.
There's no hard and fast rule, but we'd suggest planning your procurement process in early autumn.
This has a number of benefits. It reduces the risk of orders running short or running out entirely. It gives you a clear view of your budget. And it means that if disaster or inconvenience strikes, you've got plenty of time – and headspace – to sort it out.
As with all procurement for construction, you need to be clear and detailed about what you need and when you need it. In the case of toughened glass (our bread and butter), you need to specify the product you want, the thickness you need, tolerances and more.

2. Order early

Our second point follows naturally from the first. Once you know the materials you need, order them! And as with planning, make sure you do it with plenty of time to spare.
If you work with a reputable supplier, you shouldn't run into any difficulties. But ordering early frees up time to address any problems should they arise.
We've talked elsewhere about how to order glass . You need to be clear about your measurements, your tolerances and your turnaround. You also need to make sure you work with a good provider. Cut any of these corners and it could be beans on toast for Christmas dinner…

3. Use frameworks where relevant

Most of the time, project managers are responsible for sourcing and working with suppliers. But in some contexts, especially in the public sector, pre-planned agreements known as "frameworks" can be used.
This is where a buyer and their suppliers agree on terms and conditions for future contracts. It means that the budget and turnaround are baked in, streamlining the process and reducing the risk of overspending.
Of course, circumventing the tender process isn't something every organisation can do – and it's not something you can make happen at the last minute.
But if you're in the public sector and need continuity every Christmas season, a procurement framework such as a direct award could be just what you need.

4. Manage expectations

Following these steps will increase your chances of procurement success – but they don't guarantee it. At a time of prolonged supply chain volatility, there's a very real chance you won't have exactly what you need at this time of year.

This is a problem, for sure. But it's only a disaster if you haven't effectively managed expectations. Your team, partners and other stakeholders all need to be aware that shortages are possible. This lets you pull together as a team and make contingency plans.

Expectation management is a must in business all year round. But at a time of year when the likelihood of delays is increased, it's non-negotiable.

5. Prioritise effective communication

A supply chain is made up of many links. Links between manufacturers and suppliers, hauliers and couriers. But there's one link that keeps the show on the road: effective communication.

Skimp on communication and you're likely to run into difficulties. You need to be clear about your requirements and keep your procurement partners in the loop.

None of this will help you much, however, if your suppliers aren't the best in town. Working with experienced, reputable professionals means a better relationship – and a better relationship means more effective problem-solving.
If you have a tried and tested supplier, talk to them! And if you don't, look for marks of quality before relying on them for Christmas procurement.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we provide clients in a range of sectors with high-quality toughened and decorative glass products . These can be cut to your exact requirements and processed in a wide variety of ways.

What's more, all of our glass products have the Kitemark seal of approval and are manufactured in line with BS EN standards. This makes us an ideal partner if you're procuring glass for a large or complex project where compliance is essential.

Finally, we do everything under one roof – from cutting to firing, from treating to delivery. This means the ordering process is streamlined. Hold-ups are rare – but if they do happen, you know who to talk to.

So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass products this festive season, we can help. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our range of products online .

Laminated glass vs double glazing

Fri, 10 Oct 2025 20:26:00 GMT

Laminated glass and double glazing units both consist of two glass sheets – but they differ in significant ways. Get the facts in our guide.

Ask the person in the street to distinguish between different types of glass, and they would be forgiven for struggling. Stained glass? Maybe. But annealed glass, laminated glass or toughened glass ? The chances are slim.
This is partly because the differences are often subtle. Take the distinction between laminated glass and double glazing. Both include two layers of glass – but they're made in different ways and have different applications.
Our person in the street probably knows what double glazing is, even if they couldn't pick it out from a glass-based identity parade. It consists of two panes of glass separated by a space. This space is filled with air or gas for insulation.
Laminated glass, meanwhile, is a type of safety glass. It joins this elite club because it maintains structural integrity even under heavy impact. It's made by bonding two or more layers of glass together with a plastic interlayer. This holds the unit together in the unlikely event it's shattered.
Double glazing is the go-to for most homeowners and business owners, although laminated glass units can be used, too. Laminated glass tends to be used where increased safety, security and soundproofing are the order of the day.
Those are the headlines. But what are the granular differences between double glazing and laminated glass?Let's take a closer look.

What are the differences between double glazing and laminated glass?

Despite their superficial similarities, double glazing and laminated glass are unique products with unique characteristics and applications. These can be split into six categories:

Composition
Insulation
Safety
Sound
Security
UV protection

1. Composition

Laminated glass and double glazing both consist of two layers of glass. However, a laminated glass unit has a polymer interlayer, while double-glazed units (DGUs) are separated by an air-filled or gas-filled space.
In the case of laminated glass, the plastic interlayer is there to increase structural integrity and soundproofing. In the case of a DGU, the gap is there to create a layer of thermal insulation.

2. Insulation

DGUs are built for thermal insulation. The air, argon or krypton in the spacer reduces heat transfer and improves a building's energy efficiency.
Laminated glass, by contrast, provides some degree of thermal insulation, but that's not its primary function.

3. Safety

The primary function of laminated glass relates to safety. And its safety relates to its breakage pattern.If you throw a rock at a double-glazed window, the glass will shatter into pieces. This can cause injury, whether in the moment of breakage or afterwards.
When laminated glass breaks, however, the interlayer holds the glass fragments in place. The fact that no glass falls significantly reduces the risk of injury. This is one reason laminated glass is used in places with heavy human traffic.

4. Sound

Both double glazing and laminated glass help reduce noise transmission. However, the plastic interlayer in laminated glass reduces noise more effectively than the empty space between the panes of a DGU.
That said, it's worth noting that high levels of noise reduction are only possible with specialised acoustic glass and a suitable framing system.

5. Security

The strength of laminated glass also relates to its security. It's exceptionally difficult for an intruder to break through a laminated glass window, door or other feature.
DGUs offer some security benefits. They can, for instance, be fitted with multi-point locking systems. However, they're not built for security specifically.

6. UV protection

Finally, there's the question of protection against ultraviolet (UV) rays. DGUs provide some UV protection, but this isn't a primary feature. Laminated glass, by contrast, often includes specially designed UV-resistant layers.

Can laminated glass be used in double glazing?

While laminated glass and double glazing are different, they can work together for even more effective results.

Laminated glass is often used as one of the panes in a DGU. You could have, for example, a double-glazed window with a laminated outer pane and a standard or toughened inner pane.

Combinations of this kind let homeowners and business owners benefit from the insulation properties of double glazing and the security of laminated glass. Win-win!

What is double glazing used for?

Double glazing is primarily used for thermal insulation. It reduces the heat lost through windows in the winter and keeps the heat out in the summer. This means you're less likely to reach for the thermostat, thereby lowering your energy bills.
This isn't just good for your household or business budget. It also helps you reduce your carbon footprint. This is something of increasing importance to households, property developers and businesses alike.
Double glazing is also used for its noise reduction properties. This is thanks to the gap between the panes.
DGUs provide adequate levels of security, especially when fitted with multi-point locking systems. However, if extra safety and security are required, laminated glass should be your number one option.

What is laminated glass used for?

Laminated glass is primarily used in settings where safety and security are paramount. This means everything from walk-on glass floors to glass facades in hurricane zones.
This is because laminated glass is a type of safety glass. It takes a huge amount of effort to break laminated glass – and when it finally breaks, the fragments are held in place by the plastic interlayer.
On top of this, laminated glass is used for its ability to reduce noise transmission and harmful UV rays. This can have positive knock-on effects in both commercial and residential environments.

When is laminated glass required?

In some cases, laminated glass isn't just preferable – it's a legal requirement.
This is the case in so-called "critical locations". These are installations where building occupants, visitors and passersby need an extra level of safety. These critical locations are covered in UK Building Regulations Approved Document K and British Standard BS 6262: Part 4: 1994.
Are you looking for high-quality glass for windows ? As a trusted UK glass processor, we can help. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote or explore our range of products online .

How to store glass panels

Mon, 06 Oct 2025 06:35:00 GMT

Are you ordering a large quantity of glass? Proper storage techniques can help protect your people and your investment. Here's how it's done.

Isn't glass great? It lights our homes, supports our skyscrapers and is even used within everyday electronic devices like laptops and smartphones.
Glass has all the hallmarks of a versatile, ubiquitous and – above all – friendly material. It's all too easy to forget that it can be dangerous if not treated with care.
Yes – whether you're dealing with one glass panel or 500, proper storage and handling are essential. If you get it wrong, you risk injury and a whole lot of broken glass.
We've covered how to handle glass before. In this guide, we focus on how to safely store your glass before processing or installation.
But first, the why.

Why is safe storage important?

In short, because storing glass safely protects your people, your investment and your time.

It protects people

As far as people are concerned, the most obvious risk is that glass can shatter. We don't need to tell you why working around shards of broken glass is a bad idea.
This is less of a risk with toughened glass panels, which are processed so they shatter into small, smooth pieces rather than jagged shards. However, a floor covered with thousands of glassy pebbles still presents a hazard for workers.
There are less obvious risks, too. The first is that glass can be surprisingly heavy – and the larger the glass, the heavier it is. You don't want a 60 mm-thick panel of laminated glass to fall onto your foot, no matter how sturdy your boots.
Secondly, even processed glass can have sharp edges. Rub against one and you could be left with a nasty cut. That's why it's important to store your glass panels safely away from areas of high foot traffic.

It protects your investment

While the safety of your people is most important, let's not forget the value of your materials. You can't put broken glass back together. That means each breakage spells bad news for your bottom line.

It protects your time

It takes time to clean up broken glass safely . Time, as thousands have blogged before, is money. We all know you have better, more productive things to do than spend a valuable few minutes on an emergency spring clean.

Best practices for safely storing glass

1. Store it vertically

This is the golden rule.
You should never stack glass panels on top of one another because they can crack and shatter under their own weight. Moreover, horizontally stacked panels of glass can be very unstable. That means more risk for you and your colleagues.
Instead, you should stack glass vertically in neat rows. Or, rather, almost vertically. Ideally, you should prop your glass up at an angle between three and six degrees.
And we don't mean propping it up against the nearest spare wall. To store glass safely, you need the proper equipment.

2. Use the right storage equipment

There are several types of equipment that are suitable for storing glass. That includes A-frames and vertical storage racks.

A-frames

In case you're unfamiliar with A-frames, they're a type of storage trolley specially designed for large sheet materials. That includes glass.
A-frames come in all shapes and sizes. Some are static. Others are fitted with castors to make them easy to move. Crucially, they have a slanted mid-section that holds glass at the perfect angle.
You can usually store several sheets of glass on each side of an A-frame. However, they're only really meant for storing small quantities. If you're dealing with lots and lots of glass, you'll need something more spacious. Enter the storage rack.

Vertical storage racks

You know those pigeonhole storage cabinets that used to be ubiquitous in offices? Imagine those, but massive and full of glass. Et voila, you've just imagined a vertical glass storage rack.
These purpose-built structures are ideal for storing larger quantities of glass. Like A-frames, they hold your glass panels at just the right angle. Unlike A-frames, however, they're not great for moving glass from A to B. Rely on wheeled A-frames for that job.

3. Consider the size of your glass

Not every rack or A-frame is suitable for all sheets of glass. You need to choose a piece of equipment designed for the size you're dealing with.
The good news is that most storage equipment is available in standard glass sizes and can be custom-made to match non-standard sizes.

4. Consider your environment, too

Glass is a fairly forgiving material. Common-or-garden annealed glass is prone to breaking, sure. But unlike some materials, glass won't flounce and die if you leave it outside for five minutes, say, or look at it sternly.
That said, there are some important points to keep in mind about your storage environment. That includes:

Humidity: high humidity can cause mould or mildew to grow on glass. Not only does this make your glass look bad, but it can also pose a health hazard.
Ventilation: see above. Good ventilation helps prevent moisture buildup, which in turn helps curb mould and mildew.
Light: working with coloured glass or printed designs ? Prints and tints can fade with exposure to light. That goes for artificial light, as well as sunlight.
Temperature: it's best to store glass at a temperature between 13°C (55°F) and 24°C (75°F). Avoid extreme temperature fluctuations, too, as these can damage the glass. That's another good reason to avoid direct sunlight.

Too long, didn't read? The short version: if you store your glass in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight, you'll be just fine.

5. Beware of scratches

Annealed glass is prone to scratches. Toughened glass is, well, tougher – but it can still scratch if it's not stored with care.
That's why it's essential to use soft padding such as foam or rubber to cushion the glass. Most specially designed glass storage equipment has this cushioning built in. But you'll still want to add padding between each sheet of glass if you're stacking several rows together.
We hope this guide helps you look after your glass and your staff. For more tips and guides, follow the ToughGlaze blog .

How is frosted glass made? 4 techniques explored

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 22:31:00 GMT

Frosted glass provides privacy and aesthetic appeal. Explore the different ways it's made in our guide.

Frosted glass is a staple in homes and offices across the UK and beyond.
Like many glass products, it's popular because it does two things at once – one functional, the other aesthetic.
Frosted glass provides privacy, whether in the bathroom or the boardroom, with opacity levels ranging from 10% to 100%. At the same time, it has a beautiful texture, light-diffusing properties and practically endless design potential.
Not all frosted glass is made in the same way, however. There are two main manufacturing methods: acid etching and sandblasting. Acid etching gives the glass a soft, cloudy finish while sandblasting gives it a rougher surface.
Glass can also be frosted at home. While the results can be convincing, they're unlikely to be as good as their professionally produced counterparts.
At ToughGlaze, we provide clients in a range of sectors with high-quality sandblasted glass . Want to find out more about this most versatile of products? Here we go.

Applications of frosted glass

There are two main applications of frosted glass: privacy and decoration.
In domestic and commercial settings, frosted glass provides privacy in bathrooms and shower units. And in offices and other workplaces, it can be used for office partitions and conference rooms.
But frosted glass isn't purely functional. It has a lot of aesthetic potential. This ranges from simple patterns like dots and lines to intricate designs.
Shelves and kitchen splashbacks can be decoratively frosted. Artists use it to explore gritty and cloudy textures. And businesses can consolidate their branding using carefully presented logos and other brand elements.
Frosted glass can also make a room feel softer and more welcoming. It does this by refracting the light around the room. On a sunny day, the room is filled with gently diffused light rather than a blast of solar glare. For many, this is a superior option to a curtain, blind or drape.

How is glass frosted?

1. Acid etching

Acid etching is one of the most common industrial methods for frosting glass. It involves applying a strong acid solution to the glass and etching away a thin layer. Typically, hydrofluoric acid is used.
Etching gives the glass a smooth and uniform finish. It's variously described as soft, cloudy and milky. This distinguishes it from sandblasted glass, which has a grittier texture.
Like sandblasting, acid etching can be applied to an entire pane of glass or to selected parts, creating intricate patterns. The opacity can be controlled. Most acid-etched glass has an opacity between 10% and 20%. However, it can go up to 100%.

2. Sandblasting

Here at ToughGlaze, we specialise in glass sandblasting . Whereas acid etching involves the application of hydrofluoric acid, sandblasting involves blasting a pane of glass with a high-pressure abrasive substance. This is typically sand but can also include crushed-up walnut husks and other materials.
The result is a rougher, more textured effect than acid-etched glass – but no less beautiful. Its combination of privacy and beauty makes it ideal for homes and offices alike.
Like acid-etched glass, sandblasted glass can have a range of opacities. This is controlled by the speed and pressure of the sand flying out of the sandblasting machine.
And like acid-etched glass, the frosted effect can be applied to a whole pane of glass or stencilled on to create designs. These can be dots, lines or logos.
Sandblasted glass differs from acid-etched glass in one important way. The use of chemical etchants in acid-etched glass means you can't recycle it easily. Sandblasted glass, however, can be recycled – a plus for any company with sustainability in mind.
To learn more about the versatile applications of sandblasted glass, check out our guide to visual effects with sandblasted glass .

3. Frosted window films

Acid-etched glass and sandblasted glass both need to be installed. But what if you want to add a frosted glass effect to an existing window, partition or other glass feature?
This is where frosted window films can help. These are adhesive pieces of vinyl that provide a frosted effect.
Some frosted window films are better than others. And while they can have good results, be aware that they don't let in as much natural light as frosted glass products.
It's also worth considering that if you add a frosted window film to an old piece of glass, you're not getting all the benefits of high-quality modern glass.

4. DIY methods

It's possible to frost glass yourself – although not to the standard you can expect from an industrial glass processor.
Etching creams and frosted glass sprays are available. You can also apply a solution of water, Epsom salt and washing up liquid with a sponge, paint brush or spray bottle.

Toughened and laminated glass

Toughened and laminated glass are types of safety glass used in applications where extra safety is needed. And like standard annealed glass, they can be acid-etched or sandblasted with patterns, logos and more.
Frosted toughened or laminated glass is a great example of how glass can be both functional and beautiful. The glass provides durability, safety and privacy as well as an elegant, modern look.

Frequently asked questions

Are you looking for glass sandblasting services ? ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted and recognised glass processors. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

How to cut laminated glass

Thu, 02 Oct 2025 07:57:00 GMT

Cutting laminated glass isn't easy. Find out how a glass processor can supply you with the materials you need in the sizes you need.

Do you need cut-to-size laminated glass for a project? You've got two options. You can do it yourself or give the job to a professional glass processor.
Whichever method you choose, make sure you source high-quality materials. Laminated glass is there for extra safety – so compromise isn't an option.

The DIY method

To cut laminated glass yourself, you need a glass cutting tool or machine. You have to score both sides of the glass and then snap the glass along the score line.
Next, you need a solvent or a torch to soften and loosen the plastic interlayer. Once softened, this can be cut with a sharp utility knife.

Before you attempt to cut laminated glass, consider whether you have the tools and expertise to do so successfully. If not, you can work with a glass processor like us to ensure a professional standard.

How glass processors cut laminated glass

Glass processors have specialised equipment for cutting laminated glass. They start by scoring the glass with a cutting wheel, a laser cutting machine or a water-jet cutting machine.

Next, they soften the plastic interlayer with solvent. The glass is then cut and separated with either a sharp, razor-like tool or a specialised roller.

A reputable glass processor will use these tools to cut your laminated glass precisely and safely. When sourcing materials for a product, this can make the difference between a timely installation and a series of unwelcome delays.

What is laminated glass?

Laminated glass is a type of safety glass. It's used in applications where extra toughness is called for: car windscreens, for instance, or walk-on glass .
It's made of two sheets of glass bonded with a plastic interlayer. It takes a lot of force to break a sheet of laminated glass – and when it does break, the surface cracks, but the unit keeps its structural integrity.

This structural robustness is the main reason why laminated glass is difficult to cut.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we know laminated glass like the backs of our hands – and we can cut it to size right here at our state-of-the-art facilities.

We can cut your laminated glass to a maximum size of 2600 mm by 5900 mm and with a thickness range of 9.5 mm to 60 mm.

This laminated glass can be customised in a variety of ways – and like all our glass products, it meets the relevant BS EN and EN ISO standards.

When working on a project, it can be tempting to cut corners when cutting glass. However, we strongly recommend you work with professionals to ensure the job is done to a suitably professional standard.
ToughGlaze is a trusted UK glass processor. Why not learn more about our laminated glass products ?

The tempering process of glass explained

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 23:00:00 GMT

Tempered glass is a critical material in a wide range of applications. But how is it made? Learn all about the tempering process.

Tempered glass was invented in 1874 – and since then, it's become a critical material in a huge range of applications. But how exactly does glass become tempered?
Like so many aspects of glass manufacturing, the answer centres on heat. The glass is heated and then cooled. This sudden shift in temperature gives tempered glass its famous strength and breakage pattern.
It's this breakage pattern that makes it suitable for critical locations where extra safety precautions are a must. It can then be laminated and, once laminated, bear loads.

How is glass tempered?

The glass tempering process consists of three stages. First, a sheet of standard annealed glass is cut to size. This is important as glass can't be cut once it's tempered.
Next, the glass is passed through a furnace on a roller table. It's heated at a high temperature close to its melting point – around 650°C (1,200°F).
It's then taken out of the furnace and rapidly cooled or "quenched" with high-pressure jets of cold air from above and below. This cools the outer surfaces and causes them to quickly harden.
This process gives tempered glass its strength and its distinctive breakage pattern. This is because the heating and quenching creates stress inside the glass.
The inner core of the glass cools more slowly than the surfaces. As it cools, it contracts. This pulls in the outer layers, which have already solidified. The outer layers are now in a state of high compression, and the inner core in a state of tension.

How is tempered glass laminated?

Tempered glass can also be laminated. This is how manufacturers make the kinds of glass used for structural glazing – essentially, any application where the glass needs to bear a load.
The lamination process involves taking two sheets of glass and bonding them together with a plastic interlayer. At least one of these sheets is often tempered.
The two sheets of glass give you an extra tough unit, while the interlayer means the glass keeps its structural stability even when broken.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, tempered glass is our bread and butter – and we manufacture the glass here at our state-of-the-art facilities in Bedford.
Once the glass has been tempered, we can decorate and specialise it in a variety of ways. We can laminate it so it becomes structural glass , security glass or acoustic glass .
We can laminate it and give it a decorative interlayer, whether coloured or textured . We can also apply designs with sandblasting , digital printing or screen printing . We can even turn it into decorative LED glass or switchable smart glass .
All our products are Kitemark-approved and meet the relevant BS EN standards. What's more, we cut, process, fire and deliver everything from under one roof.
So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass , get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How to measure glass for a staircase

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 05:50:00 GMT

Need to furnish your supplier with measurements for a glass staircase? Find out how in a few simple steps.

If you're installing a glass staircase (or getting one installed), you'll need to provide the supplier or installer with accurate measurements. This will enable them to cut the glass to the right size and ensure a smooth installation process.
But how do you take the measurements they'll need? Let's find out.

Measuring glass for a staircase: the basics

If you're a homeowner measuring glass for a staircase that's yet to be installed, you just need to provide the installer with the available space where the staircase will be installed.
If you're measuring glass to replace or augment a staircase, however, the process is a little more involved.
First, you need to measure the height and width. You take the height by measuring from the top of the base rail to the underside of the handrail. For the width, you measure the horizontal distance between the posts (or "newels") at either end.
You'll also need to measure the angle of the stairs. There are apps available for this. Alternatively, you can use a protractor or angle finder. You may find it helpful to draw a quick sketch of the staircase on a piece of paper or a smart device.
If your design involves multiple glass panels, you should consult the supplier to find out how many panels can fit along the base rail.
If your design involves complex shapes, you may want to provide wooden or computer-designed templates.

Glass thickness

If you're working with a staircase installer, they should know the appropriate thickness of toughened laminated glass. If, however, you're ordering the materials yourself, it's your responsibility to ensure they're thick enough to ensure safety and comply with regulations.
You can learn more in our guide to safety considerations for walkable glass floors . Again, though – this is just general advice. It's up to you to meet regulations and specify the right thickness for your needs.

Fittings

Whether you're working with a staircase installer or ordering the materials yourself, you don't need to account for gaps, clamps or grooves. The glass supplier should make these adjustments as part of its own measurements.
What kind of glass is used for staircases?
Glass for staircases has to be highly robust. This is why suppliers use toughened laminated glass. At ToughGlaze, we sell this as "walk-on glass" in our TG WO range .
It (and similar products) consists of two sheets of toughened glass laminated around a plastic (PVB) interlayer. This is up to six times as strong as standard annealed glass and keeps its structural integrity in the event of a breakage.
Toughened laminated glass of a particular thickness is required by building regulations for structural glazing, including glass staircases. This applies to both domestic and commercial settings.
Looking for high-quality, compliant walk-on glass ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

Understanding glass impact ratings and safety standards

Fri, 26 Sep 2025 12:21:00 GMT

Are you an architect, builder or project manager working with glass? Get to grips with impact ratings and safety standards.

Any architect, builder or project manager will tell you that the construction industry is highly regulated. You can see this regulation especially clearly in the world of glass.
Glass has to meet certain standards to be used in specific locations. One example of this is impact resistance.
Impact resistance is a crucial consideration in construction projects for a variety of reasons. It helps keep building occupants and users safe by reducing the likelihood of injury. It protects glass from people, debris and wind. It also reduces a building's carbon footprint by improving insulation.
Like so many aspects of construction, impact resistance is now standardised. Glass products are classified according to their level of impact resistance. When sourcing glass for a project of any size, you need to be sure your materials meet these standards.
So, what are these standards and how are they measured? Let's find out.

How is the impact resistance of safety glass measured?

Safety glass is a category of glass that includes toughened glass and laminated glass . It refers to the types of glass used when extra safety is required. Both types can be classified according to their impact resistance level.
The impact resistance of safety glass used to be measured by BS 6206. This has now been replaced by BS EN 12600. Whatever project you're working on, this is the relevant standard when specifying safety glass.
Under BS EN 12600, impact resistance is tested by dropping a 50 kg weight from a pendulum mechanism onto a standard-sized pane of glass (876 mm by 1938 mm). The weight is dropped from three different heights.

Classification 3 uses a drop height of 190 mm
Classification 2 uses a drop height of 450 mm
Classification 1 uses a drop height of 1200 mm

Class 2 is equivalent to more than one adult walking into the glass – but less than one adult running at it. Class 3, meanwhile, is equivalent to an adult firmly pushing the glass or a child running into it.

From highest to lowest, the BS EN 12600 classifications go:

Class 1B1
Class 2B2
Class 3B3

These correspond to the old BS 6206 classes A, B and C. (The B refers to the type of breakage.)
All safety products have to be marked as such. This is something to look out for when sourcing safety glass for your project. Each pane of glass should feature the manufacturer's name or trademark and the relevant BS EN standard.

What classification is toughened glass?

Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) is usually given a classification of Class 1A (formerly Class A) or Class 1B1.

To qualify as toughened glass, it has to break into lots of small, blunt, pebble-like pieces. That's what makes it suitable for use in so-called "critical locations", where people need to be especially protected from falling glass.
Toughened glass regulations are found in the UK's Building Regulations Part K. Critical locations include low-level glazing, high-risk areas and some locations in commercial properties.

What classification is laminated glass?

Laminated glass is even more robust than toughened glass. It consists of two panes of glass bonded with a plastic interlayer. This interlayer is often made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
Laminated glass has a higher impact resistance than toughened glass. This is because it can withstand more impact – and when it breaks, it doesn't shatter, but maintains its structural stability.
It can be classified as 1B1, 2B2 or 3B3 depending on the glass and the thickness of the interlayer.

Why are impact ratings and safety standards important?

Impact ratings and safety standards for glass are important for a number of reasons. First, they ensure occupant safety by reducing the chances of injury from falling glass. Similarly, they reduce the chances of damage to property.
Secondly, they help project managers know that high-quality, robust materials are being used. They also reassure architects, builders and project managers that materials meet regulatory compliance.

Finally, impact resistance and safety standards make it easier to insure a building. This is because the materials used can suggest to an insurer how safe an installation is.

Who needs to understand glass impact ratings and safety standards?

Architects, builders and project managers all need to be aware of glass impact ratings and safety standards. This is to ensure the project is built as safely as possible in line with building regulations.
When sourcing glass for a project, you should always check that your materials meet these standards. Not doing so can put building occupants at risk.

What are best practices for specifying impact-resistant glass?

When specifying or sourcing safety glass for a project, there are a few things you should make sure to do. The first is to carefully assess the application needs. Ask yourself what level of impact resistance is required and what the potential risks are.
The second is to select the right materials. This will be based on the glass product's specific performance criteria and the relevant industry standards. Compliance is vital – not just for user safety but also to reassure stakeholders and insurers. Finally, you should consider the long term. Are there long-term environmental factors that call for a higher level of impact resistance?

Once you've asked yourself these questions and answered them to your satisfaction, you're ready to order your glass. That's where we come in.

How ToughGlaze can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we produce high-quality safety glass that's in line with all relevant BS EN standards and gets the Kitemark seal of approval.

What this means for you is glass with the right impact ratings for the job, whatever the job may be. So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass that meets impact resistance standards, get in touch with our experts today . We'll get your glass where it needs to be – on time and on spec.

How thick should aquarium glass be

Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:20:00 GMT

Whether you're buying or manufacturing an aquarium, you need to ensure the glass is the correct thickness. Learn how to get it right.

It doesn't matter whether you're making a one-off aquarium for your home or manufacturing them at scale. An aquarium needs to be safe, sturdy and beautiful.
To achieve this, you need good-quality glass that's the right thickness. It's not always obvious, however, what thickness that should be.
In this article, we break down the thickness of aquarium glass – and how we here at ToughGlaze can provide you with the materials you need.

What thickness should the glass be?

According to Omni Calculator, a smaller aquarium can have a thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35 mm) to 0.38 inches (9.652 mm).
And as a general rule, some manufacturers recommend a minimum thickness of 6 mm for tanks up to 500 mm high or 10 mm for tanks up to 610 mm high.
The precise thickness, however, will depend on several factors. These include the length, width and height of the aquarium as well as the type of glass used.
Whether or not you use braces (strengthening supports) can also change the required thickness of the glass. If you don't use braces, the glass has to do more work to contain the water pressure. Without braces, you may need to increase the thickness by as much as 100%.
For the technically minded, here's a useful guide to calculating the thickness of aquarium glass .
You can also use a calculation tool like this one at Omni Calculator . Bear in mind, however, that these types of tools might not account for different types of glass or other structural considerations. If in doubt, consult an expert.

Which glass is used for aquariums?

Most aquariums are made from annealed glass, also known as float glass. This is the material used for many windows.
Some aquariums use toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) for the base. This isn't suitable for the tank, however, as toughened glass shatters into lots of tiny pieces when broken.
Some people choose to use acrylic instead of glass. The key advantage is that the aquarium is lighter than a glass counterpart and more resistant to cracking. On the other hand, it's much more prone to scratches, discolourations and other physical blemishes.

About our aquarium glass

Here at ToughGlaze, we've been supplying aquarium makers with glass supplies since the early 90s. We can cut your aquarium glass to the dimensions you need.
We can also customise the glass in a variety of ways. Our glass can be coloured or printed with a design , to take just two examples. Whatever your requirements, we're here to help.
Like all of our glass products, our aquarium glass has the Kitemark stamp of approval and is manufactured according to BS EN standards. These are widely recognised markers of quality and safety for your peace of mind.
So, if you're looking for high-quality aquarium glass , don't hesitate to get in touch . We'll fix you up with the right materials in no time.

What builders need to know about glass load-bearing structures

Fri, 19 Sep 2025 07:23:00 GMT

Are you working with glass on a load-bearing structure? Learn the key considerations you need to be aware of.

Please note: this guide is for general information only and should not be construed as professional advice. It's the responsibility of the project contractor or designer to ensure compliance with current UK regulations and standards.
These days, all glass installations are regulated. Architects, installers and builders all have to be sure the materials they specify and use meet building regulations and industry standards. This is clearly seen in the regulations surrounding the use of glass in load-bearing structures.
If you only take one thing away from the article, make sure it's this: if you're using glass for a load-bearing structure, you need to be sure it's the right kind.
A close second in importance is the fact that the right glass alone isn't sufficient for a safe installation. The glass needs to be fixed securely to a sturdy frame.
The reason is clear. If a material is being used to bear a load, it must be sturdy enough to bear it. Some types of glass fit the bill and others don't.
In the world of structural glazing, you need glass that's both toughened and laminated. This belt-and-braces approach means the building has the structural integrity required to bear loads of all kinds.
But before we get into the nitty-gritty of structural glazing specifications, what do we mean by "load-bearing", exactly?

What counts as a load-bearing structure?

In architecture and construction, the phrase "load-bearing" refers to any building component that supports its own weight and the weight of another structural element. This could be a wall, beam, column or slab and could be made of any material, including glass.
The load-bearing capacity of a building component is important because the load is transferred to the foundation. In other words, a flaw in a load-bearing component can be critical to the stability of the structure as a whole.
There are two types of loads borne by load-bearing components: dead loads and live loads.

The dead load is the weight of the structure itself. The live load, meanwhile, is a force exerted on the component by people, the weather or the movement of objects. A curtain wall, for instance, needs to withstand the live load of the wind, while a glass balcony needs to withstand the load of people walking on it.

What is wind loading?

Wind loading refers to the pressure the wind places on the glass.
There are many factors used to calculate wind loads. Key factors include the height of the building, its shape and its relationship to its surroundings (both natural and manmade). The calculation will also be informed by the local wind speeds, which can vary from place to place.
There are three relevant types of wind forces:

Uplift wind loads
Shear wind loads
Lateral wind loads

As a builder, you don't necessarily need to understand the science behind wind loading. But you do need to be confident that the materials you're handling and installing have the right wind load capacities.

What kind of glass is needed for load-bearing structures?

Glass used for load-bearing structures has to be both toughened and laminated. This gives it the strength and durability needed to bear live and dead loads.
Toughened glass is up to five times stronger than annealed glass. It becomes stronger during the toughening process, when it's heated at around 650°C (1,200°F) and then rapidly cooled.
Structural glass is created by bonding a plastic interlayer between two sheets of toughened glass. This means that, in the event of a breakage, the glass unit maintains structural integrity, drastically reducing the risk of injury to a building occupant or passerby.
The thickness required will depend on the specific load-bearing requirements of the structure, along with relevant safety standards and building regulations.

Meeting building regulations

Glass used for load-bearing structures must comply with the relevant UK building regulations: in particular, Approved Document K ("Protection from falling, collision and impact"). These regulations cover protection from impact and falling.

Materials must also meet the guidelines laid out in BS EN 1991-1-4 with regard to the action of wind on buildings. These guidelines help determine the appropriate thickness of glass for the project.

The importance of the frame

The right type of safety glass is crucial for the safety of a load-bearing structure. But the materials alone aren't enough. The glass needs to be fitted to a strong, sturdy frame – and it needs to be attached with the right fixings.

Using appropriate fixings

When fixing safety glass to a frame, the right fixings must be used. Without the correct fixings, the structure may not reach its full load-bearing capacity.

Glass can be clamped, bonded or bolted to the frame. The precise type of fixing will depend on the load-bearing requirements and size of the glass being used.

Most of the time, bolts are used for larger glass elements such as curtain walls. Clamps and other kinds of fixings can be used for balustrades, staircases and other load-bearing structures.

What to wear when installing glass

When handling and installing glass, you should always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). At the bare minimum, this would include safety goggles and gloves.

This use of PPE extends to the transportation process. Careful lifting and carrying are paramount to ensure the glass reaches the site undamaged.

Using the right glass

When building a load-bearing structure, the right glass is all-important. This will be toughened laminated glass that can withstand the other parts of the structure it's supporting, as well as any live loads such as wind and human traffic.
Here at ToughGlaze, we can fix you up with the materials you need – materials that are manufactured to meet industry standards of structural glazing. What's more, we can cut them to the size you require and deliver them to your door.
So, if you're looking for high-quality safety glass for a load-bearing structure, contact ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How to streamline glass procurement for large-scale projects

Mon, 15 Sep 2025 13:39:00 GMT

Procuring glass for big projects isn't always easy. Explore 5 ways to streamline the process – and how we at ToughGlaze can help.

They say the best-laid plans of mice and men often go awry – and the same goes for the best-laid plans of large-scale project managers.
The ask is simple: high-quality glass, please, processed and delivered promptly. But sometimes the process can feel like navigating a subterranean maze wearing an eye mask. With your hands tied behind your back. In zero gravity.
Sometimes, glass procurement is more roadblock than road. Supply chain disruptions and delays throwing a spanner in the works – but only after the spanner has arrived three weeks late. Market prices that go up and down like a yo-yo on a trampoline. Materials that don't make the grade. And on it goes.
With so many headaches lying in wait, you may decide to cross your fingers and take a very long nap. But what if we told you there were steps you could take to streamline the procurement process and maximise the chances of your project's success?
That's right, you heard! So, without further ado, here are five steps to streamlining procurement. We hope it helps you nail those deadlines and get some rest.

1. Plan early

If you want to make a decent fist of procuring glass for your project, you should plan as far in advance as you can.
Putting out feelers, mapping out timelines, sketching out budgets: these are the project management equivalent of pre-heating the oven or batch-cooking your dinner for the week.
As so often in project management, the more detail, the better. Sure, there may be loose threads or tiny holes in the tapestry. But you'll be much more able to deal with these if the rest of the tapestry is tightly woven.
Leaving things until the last minute will only cause logistical pile-ups. Know what you need and when you need it for a smooth (and even enjoyable!) procurement process.

2. Communicate and ask questions

Glass procurement is a two-way street. Your supplier can only work with what they're given. For this reason, it's essential that you communicate your requirements clearly and in detail.

This includes the type and quantity of the glass, along with details such as tolerances and dimensions. It should also include your timeline.
If you're vague at this stage, chances are you'll have to return or replace your materials. This isn't just a waste of time – it's also a waste of money.
Asking questions is also a good way to find out whether your glass supplier is right for you. Are they happy to answer your questions? You could be on to a winner. Do they dodge the details or try to stun you with science? You and your project could do better.

3. Build relationships

Ask any project manager: you need to have confidence in the third parties you work with.This is mainly for the project's sake. Knowing the materials you need will be with you on time and in one piece is a green light you love to see.
But it's also for your sake. After all, uncertainty can cause anxiety. And anxiety can cause you to take your eye off the ball or your foot off the pedal.
This is a key reason why you should seek, where possible, to build relationships with your suppliers. Have you got each other's backs? If the answer is yes, procurement will be that bit easier.

4. Limit the number of third parties you work with

One of the hallmarks of life in the 21st century is the sheer number of links in any given chain. Monoliths have given way to polyliths. Sometimes, it's unclear who's in charge of what – and who's going to take responsibility if something goes wrong.
This has its advantages. In theory, you can now optimise each stage of the process, finding the best service – and best price – for each one.
In reality, there's too often a lack of accountability. What's more, complex service chains can lead to bottlenecks – and bottlenecks are bad for your bottom line.

You can get around this by working with a company like ours that does everything under one roof. At ToughGlaze, we cut, process, treat and deliver all our glass products. If there's a problem, you know who to call and can be confident it will be fixed straight away.

5. Look for quality

If there's one thing that will delay a project, it's having to return or replace materials.
Sometimes, this is unavoidable. People are people, and sometimes mistakes slip through the net.But often, these delays are caused by one thing: incompetence. So, how can you make sure you're working with a supplier or processor who'll do the job thoroughly and promptly?
In our view, there are three things you should look for in a glass supplier – three marks of quality that will help you avoid headaches and tears of frustration.
The first is industry accreditations. Industrial standards exist for a reason. They show that a company is meeting minimum requirements. If your supplier doesn't know their ISO from their BS EN, it's time to look elsewhere.

Then there's the question of experience. How long has your supplier been in business, and have they worked with a variety of sectors? It's not a foolproof way of identifying quality, but it can be when combined with accreditations and our third mark of quality: an extensive range of products.
A glass manufacturer that makes a wide range of products is likely to have first-rate equipment and bags of experience – two things that can help keep the procurement process nice and clean.
So, there you have it – five steps you can take to streamline the procurement process. We hope it helps with your next big project.
Are you looking for a new toughened glass supplier? Based in Bedford, UK, ToughGlaze has been supplying glass to big-name architecture and construction firms for more than 30 years. We're always happy to discuss new projects, so don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts .

How to avoid costly mistakes when sourcing custom-cut glass

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 06:48:00 GMT

Are you in the market for high-quality custom-cut glass? Here are 6 steps to take to avoid costly mistakes.

Many projects call for custom-cut glass. But architects, designers and project managers the world over face the same problem: how do you know where to get it from?
Of course, some companies have their trusted supplier. But if your company is just starting out or you need to change suppliers, the world of custom-cut glass can be dauntingly sprawling.
This matters. The bottom line of any project is your bottom line – so you need to be sure you're getting bang for your buck and not frittering away your budget on subpar materials.
After all, if you pay for subpar materials, you usually end up paying twice. Those materials need to be returned and replaced – and in the process, projects are being delayed and third parties are losing their patience.
When sourcing custom-cut glass, you need to do everything you can to avoid these kinds of costly mistakes. The alternative is to lose money and potentially damage your reputation.
So, how's it done? Here are six steps to take to give yourself the best chances of success.

Ensure your specifications are accurate

A glass supplier can only work with the specifications you give them. This means precision is king at all stages of the process.
This is never not important. But it becomes non-negotiable when ordering toughened glass . This is because toughened glass is built to shatter in a specific way. It takes a lot of impact to break it – but when it breaks, it shatters into relatively harmless smithereens.
This means toughened glass can't be cut once it's fired. It's imperative, therefore, to get the specs right from the beginning.
When ordering custom-cut glass, you should provide detailed diagrams with precise measurements and clearly defined cut lines. You should make sure your processor can cut to the thickness you require. You should also mention any edgework you want done.
Sweating the small stuff means you won't break a sweat later when your materials need to be replaced at great expense.

Prioritise communication

To work well with a glass supplier, communication is key – but communication is, famously, a two-way street.You can ask all the questions you like about your design specification and project deadlines. But if your supplier isn't playing ball, it's unlikely to help.
That's why you should suss out a supplier before you order from them. Look for positive reviews from a range of clients and industry accreditations. These are green flags, suggesting this supplier is good at communication as well as good at glass.
But it's not only the supplier you should make a point of communicating with early on in the process. It's equally important to discuss the finer details of the project with the people who'll be installing the glass. This reduces the chance of problems during the installation.

Consider installation first

Every project has moving parts. To avoid costly mistakes, you need to consider them all.
That means thinking hard about the installation process before you source your custom-cut materials. In particular, you need to identify your mounting surface. Will the glass be mounted on brick, glass, plaster or something else? How will it be fixed in place? Will this be affected by the weight of the glass? Do you need any special hardware or fixings?
Doing your due diligence with regard to the installation process can help you avoid wasting money down the line. And there's no better way to do it than by working closely with experienced and reputable third parties – processors, suppliers and installers alike.

Take your time

Haste, they say, makes waste – and in the context of sourcing custom-cut glass, it also makes delays and logistical screw-ups.
What this means for you is simple. Allow ample time for all stages of the design, fabrication and installation processes.Of course, in a fast-paced business setting, some rush is unavoidable. But taking your time wherever possible will help you avoid making mistakes that will cost you time and money. Accuracy, not speed, should be your watchword.

Know your options

The more you know about the materials you need, the more likely you are to get what you need the first time around.Unfortunately, this means more work for you. It's important to do your research thoroughly before sending off for a shipment of glass.
To take just one example, you may know that you need safety glass – but do you know which kind? Do you know how thick it should be? Do you know what BS EN standards it should meet?
Or let's say you want some obscured glass for extra privacy. Will you go for sandblasted glass , coloured glass or switchable glass ? Each has its advantages and disadvantages, so it's well worth understanding your options.
This is something that can be helped along by a reputable glass processor. Work with a company that talks you through your options, responds to questions and is across all the technical details.

Find a supplier that does it all

We live at a time when many industrial processes are split between many different organisations.This has its advantages. Done right, it can mean you get the best deal for each stage of the process.
But it's not always in your power to do it right. It's a bit like buying a house: if one link in the chain pulls out, the whole process is thrown into disarray.
What's more, too many cooks spoil the broth, and no one takes responsibility for the disappointing dinner. Working with a company like ToughGlaze that does everything under one roof means things are more likely to go smoothly. And if things do go wrong, accountability and troubleshooting are immediate.
Looking for custom-cut toughened glass or laminated glass ? ToughGlaze has been in the business for more than 30 years and is trusted by some of the world's biggest construction and architecture firms. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Does tempered glass scratch?

Mon, 08 Sep 2025 07:44:00 GMT

When sourcing tempered glass for a project, you need to be careful not to scratch it. Get the lowdown on how to protect it.

Ask any glass manufacturer, supplier or processor worth its salt: tempered glass is tough as nails.
It's this toughness – up to five times stronger than standard annealed glass – that makes it such a critical material in so many applications. But tough or not, can it scratch?
The short answer is yes. But just as tempered glass is stronger than standard glass, so it's more scratch-resistant, too.
When buying tempered glass for a building project, it's important to transport and install it carefully to avoid scratches. And once installed, it's important to be mindful not to damage the glass.

How to safely transport tempered glass

Once the glass is in your hands, you need to ensure it's transported safely. This involves keeping it upright, keeping the panes separated in the vehicle and keeping the cargo securely strapped in place.
We've covered the topic in more detail in our guide to how glass is transported . Following these simple steps can help ensure your tempered glass isn't scratched before it arrives on-site.

How to safely install tempered glass

When installing tempered glass, your installers need to be careful not to cause scratches. This means wearing proper protective personal equipment (PPE), following best practice with regards to carrying and lifting and using tools such as suction cups.
Installers must also be careful not to knock the glass into other objects. Any scratches caused during the installation process will need to be removed. In the worst-case scenario, the materials will have to be replaced.

How can you remove scratches from tempered glass?

We answered this question in detail in another of our glass guides . Scratches can be removed from tempered glass with toothpaste, liquid pumice soap, steel wool or buffers and sanders.
Whichever method you choose, you'll need to buff the glass with small, circular motions.Anything more vigorous could make the problem worse.

How can you protect tempered glass?

Once tempered glass has been installed, there are simple steps you can take to protect it.The first is to dust it regularly. Make sure you use non-abrasive cloths and scrubbers for this task.
Secondly, you need to be careful not to knock into the glass . Bumps and knocks are the primary causes of scratches on tempered glass.
If you're procuring tempered glass for a project or overseeing its installation, you can't guarantee people will look after it in the long run. But you can take precautions during the transportation and installation processes and encourage your team to take care.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we provide businesses of all shapes and sizes with high-quality tempered glass. Work with us and you can be sure of robust materials and safe deliveries without a scratch in sight. Want to discuss how we can help streamline your next project? Contact our experts online today – or call +44 (0)208 838 4400.

What are the different types of glass used in architecture?

Fri, 05 Sep 2025 07:16:00 GMT

These days, a wide range of glass products is used in architecture. Discover 8 of them in our glass guide.

If you're not in the construction business, you could be forgiven for thinking there's basically one type of glass on the market. But look around any urban environment and you're bound to see multiple types of glass. The stained glass of a church window. The laminated glass of a car windscreen. The frosted glass on a doctor's door. The toughened glass in a shop facade.

Yes, the world of glass is varied – and can become a little overwhelming. That's why we've put together this accessible guide to the various types of glass used in architecture today. We hope it helps you choose the right materials for the job.

1. Annealed glass

Annealed glass, also known as "float glass" or even "standard glass", is a frequently used type of glass in architecture. It's produced by floating molten glass on a bed of molten tin.
When annealed glass breaks, it breaks into large, jagged shards. On top of this, it's much less robust than its toughened and laminated counterparts. For these two reasons, it's used in architectural applications where the risk of a person sustaining an injury is low.
This includes small windows, cabinet doors, office partitions and some decorative elements. It's not suitable for exterior glazing, structural glazing or areas with lots of passing traffic.

2. Toughened (tempered) glass

Toughened glass – also known as tempered glass – is built for safety. Here at ToughGlaze, it's our bread and butter. Toughened glass is around four to five times stronger than annealed glass – and when it breaks, it breaks into lots of tiny, harmless pieces.
These characteristics mean it can be classed as safety glass and used in critical locations where extra safety is required. In architecture, this includes doors, low-level windows, balustrades and overhead glazing.
Toughened glass is highly versatile and can be sandblasted , coloured , digitally printed or screen printed . It can also be laminated to create an even more robust product.

3. Heat-strengthened glass

Heat-strengthened glass is similar to toughened glass. However, it's heated and cooled more slowly and less intensely. This means it's about twice as strong as annealed glass but less strong than toughened glass.
In architecture, it's used for high-rise facades, skylights and balustrades. In these applications, it can provide durability against wind loads, snow and heat.
Heat-strengthened glass is also used for spandrel panels, a non-structural element used to create a continuous facade. Finally, it can be used as one or more of the components in a laminated glass unit.

4. Switchable smart glass

Switchable smart glass – sometimes called "switchable glass", "switch glass" or "smart glass" – is a remarkable innovation in glass fabrication.
Essentially, switchable smart glass uses electric currents to change from transparent to translucent to opaque. This means a window or partition can have its transparency level adjusted.
Key applications for switchable smart glass are privacy and heat control. They can be used for any architectural component.
There are different kinds of switchable smart glass. The ToughGlaze TG SWITCH range has a water-resistant interlayer and can be integrated into smart home and office systems.

5. Laminated glass

Laminated glass is glass multiplied. It consists of two or more panes of glass (annealed, toughened or heat-strengthened) bonded with a plastic interlayer.
This fabrication method has a few key advantages. It takes a lot of force and a lot of time to break a laminated glass unit. And, when it finally does break, no shards fall from the unit. Instead, the outer surface cracks and the interlayer maintains its structural integrity.
It's easy to see why such a product is essential in architecture. Installations such as skylights, balustrades and canopies need to be super-robust and break without breaking into falling pieces of glass. Laminated glass is so strong that it's used for doors and windows in hurricane zones, as well as load-bearing elements made of glass.

Like toughened glass, laminated glass can be cut to size and customised in all manner of ways. However decorative it becomes, it always keeps its structural advantages, as well as its acoustic and thermal insulating properties.

6. Fire-rated glass

Most types of glass on the market offer some level of fire resistance. But architectural applications often require glass that's specifically manufactured to prevent the spread of smoke and flames.
This is known as fire-rated glass , and it takes different forms. In our case, it contains a gel-like interlayer that expands when it encounters a certain temperature. This helps stop the spread of fire, giving people longer to evacuate and firefighters longer to arrive.
Fire-rated glass can be used in any architectural setting. It's often used for windows, doors and partitions in stairwells, hallways and exits.

7. Security glass

The category of safety glass, which includes toughened glass and laminated glass, is designed to withstand accidental impacts. Security glass , by contrast, is built to withstand deliberate impacts, whether by burglars or bombs .
To qualify as security glass, it has to pass specific impact tests. Like safety glass, it can be digitally printed, mesh-laminated or otherwise coloured and decorated.

8. Sandblasted glass

Finally, we come to sandblasted glass . This is a type of glass with a gritty, raised texture. This is created by applying a stencil and then blasting sand at the surface.
It's often used as a privacy screen for office partitions, shower doors and bathroom doors. But it's sometimes also used for branding purposes. Businesses can have their logo or slogan sandblasted onto glass. It's also used to create anti-slip surfaces for walk-on glass.
Like all our glass products, sandblasted glass can be cut to a size and thickness of your choosing. Are you looking for high-quality glass for architecture ? At ToughGlaze, we've supplied leading architecture firms for more than 30 years. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote or to discuss your requirements with our experts.

What is glass cullet?

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 16:58:00 GMT

Glass waste or cullet is an important part of the glass fabrication process. Learn all about this essential material.

Most glass is 100% recyclable. That's one of several reasons it's considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials.Waste glass is known as "cullet". It can be added to new batches, re-melted and recycled. This helps glass manufacturers cut their carbon footprints.
Not all glass can become cullet, however. What's more, there are two main types of cullet: internal cullet and external cullet. These have different sources and different applications.

What are the two types of cullet?

There are two types of cullet: internal cullet and external cullet.
Internal cullet – also known as "pre-consumer cullet" – refers to waste glass created during the glass manufacturing process. This can include edge trimmings and quality control rejects.
Manufacturers use internal cullet to make their own operations more energy-efficient and sustainable.External cullet (or "post-consumer cullet") is waste glass collected from recycling points. It can be ground up and reused in the manufacture of new glass products.
Both types of cullet have important applications in the glass fabrication industry.

Why is cullet important in glass fabrication?

Cullet is important for one key reason: it helps glass manufacturers work more sustainably by increasing the efficiency of the manufacturing process.

Using cullet reduces carbon emissions and helps glass companies move towards closed-loop recycling and a circular economy.

Moreover, cullet melts at a lower temperature than raw materials. This also helps cut carbon emissions and reduces glass manufacturers' reliance on virgin materials.

What types of glass can and can't be turned into cullet?

Not all types of glass can be turned into cullet. You can, however, make it from most bottles and jars (clear and coloured) and decontaminated broken glass.
There are, however, many types of glass that can't be turned into cullet. These include:

Pyrex and other heat-resistant glassware
Mirrors
TV and computer screens
Ceramic glass
Small fragments of broken glass

How energy-efficient is cullet?

According to WRAP – a global environmental NGO that advocates circular living – "re-melting cullet uses 25% less energy than making glass from raw materials".
Moreover, "each tonne of cullet also saves 1.2 tonnes of raw materials from being extracted".
It's easy to see why glass manufacturers are keen to use cullet wherever possible. It helps them to reduce carbon emissions and act more sustainably. At a time when sustainability is at the top of so many business agendas, this has never been more important.

How we can help

At ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality, made-to-measure tempered glass and laminated glass to a wide range of industries. We're also committed to protecting the environment, as can be seen in our FORS Silver accreditation for vehicle safety and sustainability. Whatever kind of project you need your glass for, we can fix you up with high-quality materials that don't cost the Earth. Interested? Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Can you drill toughened glass?

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 17:19:00 GMT

Do you want a piece of toughened glass to have holes in? Drilling is not an option. Find out why in our guide.

Whether you're making home improvements or fitting a shopfront, toughened glass makes for a robust, energy-efficient and versatile option.
But because of the way it's manufactured, it shatters when put under too much pressure. This makes it safe – but it also means you shouldn't drill it.
Instead, a standard sheet of glass must be drilled (or otherwise cut into) before it's put in the furnace for toughening.

Why does toughened glass shatter when drilled?

Toughened glass is a unique kind of glass made by heating an ordinary sheet of glass to a high temperature and then cooling it rapidly with blasts of cold air.
This process excites the molecules in a way that makes the glass shatter into tiny pebble-like pieces when it breaks. This contrasts it with standard annealed or float glass, which breaks into harmful, jagged shards.

What if I want a hole in a pane of toughened glass?

If you want a hole in a pane of toughened glass, it needs to be drilled into a piece of annealed glass and then put into the furnace.
Whatever project you're working on, you should communicate with the glass supplier to make sure you're getting the right materials for the job. The alternative is a lot of broken glass!

How do you know if a piece of glass has been toughened?

Toughened glass and annealed glass look very similar to the untrained eye. There are, however, a few ways you can tell the difference.

The manufacturing process gives toughened glass smooth, rounded edges. It's important to note, however, that annealed glass can be processed to have smooth, rounded edges, too.
Toughened glass will often bear an etched or sandblasted stamp. This will tell you the manufacturer and product details.
Finally, you can view the glass through polarised sunglasses. If it's toughened, you should see a distorted pattern along the glass.

Misconceptions about drilling toughened glass

You may have seen tutorials online purporting to give you tips on drilling toughened glass safely. The following claims should be taken with a pinch of salt:

Myth 1: "You can drill through toughened glass successfully with diamond-tipped or carbide drill bits"

It's true this will cut through the glass more effectively. However, the glass will still shatter.

Myth 2: "Using oil or water as a lubricant and coolant will stop the glass from shattering"

This is incorrect. Lubricants and coolants will lubricate and cool. They won't stop a piece of toughened glass from shattering.

Myth 3: "Drilling slowly and applying less pressure will stop the glass from shattering"

This is also incorrect. The molecular composition of toughened glass is such that any amount of pressure can cause it to shatter – even the smallest amount.
ToughGlaze is a UK glass processor with more than 30 years of experience. We provide fully compliant, custom-cut toughened glass that can be shaped and drilled to your exact specification. Please get in touch to request a quick, competitive quote.

At what temperature does glass break?

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 08:37:00 GMT

Let's explore the science behind glass. How can heat cause glass to fracture and what kinds of temperatures does it take?

Modern glass products are built to be strong and withstand stresses. Any glass processor worth its salt will supply you with glass that takes a proverbial beating before it starts to crack or shatter.
But no glass is unbreakable, and glass breaks for all sorts of reasons. This is occasionally because of manufacturing defects. In some cases, glass can even break spontaneously. Most of the time, however, it must come under stress to break.
One such stress is heat. "Thermal fracture", as it's known, is when glass breaks because of heat. But how much heat is required to break a sheet of glass?
Well, if you're looking for a precise temperature, you're not in luck. That's because heat alone doesn't break glass. In fact, thermal fracture happens when temperature interacts with something in the glass itself.
You're probably familiar with the phenomenon of pouring boiling water into a cold glass. The sudden change in temperature causes the glass to shatter. It's these changes in temperature, rather than the temperature itself, that do the damage.

What is thermal shock?

The phrase "thermal shock" describes what happens to glass when it experiences a rapid change in temperature.
The outer layer of glass expands or contracts faster than the inner layer. This creates stress – and if the stress surpasses the strength of the glass, it can lead to fracture.
Like we say, there's no precise figure. However, one source estimates the rapid change required to be in the region of 60°F (about 15°C).

How can differences in temperature break glass?

Thermal shock is rapid. But temperature changes can break glass without being rapid. This can happen when different areas of the glass have different temperatures.
Take the case of a windowpane. If one side is exposed to direct sunlight and the other stays cold, stress can be created. Over time, this stress can cause breakage.

What are the different types of thermal fractures?

There are two main types of thermal fractures. These are known as low-energy fractures and high-energy fractures.
Low-energy fractures are by far the most common types of thermal fractures. They happen when the edge of the glass is damaged. This damage weakens the glass and means less thermal stress is required before the glass breaks.
High-energy thermal fractures are much rarer, requiring as they do high levels of thermal stress. This would involve either the glass being exposed to high levels of heat or being quickly moved from one ambient temperature to another.

How do different types of glass break under heat?

Different types of glass are manufactured differently and have different strength levels. Thin glass, for instance, tends to crack and potentially break at 150°C (302°F) or higher.
Toughened glass , however, is made with a special heat treatment that makes it withstand higher temperatures, as well as other forms of stress. This is one reason why it's classified as safety glass and is used in locations that require an extra level of strength.
Typically, the temperature at which toughened glass breaks is around 240°C (464°F). This depends, as we say, on other factors such as the stresses within the glass, the way the glass has been treated and even aspects of the manufacturing process.
While toughened glass can break under thermal stress, it takes three or four times as much heat as ordinary glass.

What other factors can lead to thermal fracturing?

Thermal fractures are typically caused by changes in temperature. But other factors can contribute to thermal fractures.
The first of these is defects within the glass. Cracks and impurities can make the glass more vulnerable to thermal fracturing when it changes temperature suddenly.
Another factor is solar absorption. Like all materials, glass absorbs sunlight. This can change the overall temperature of glass – or part of the glass – and contribute to breakage.

Conversely, exposure to shadows can make parts of the glass cooler than others. This inconsistency of temperature across the glass product can, in some circumstances, cause it to break.
The strength of the edge can also play a part. If the tensile strength of the edge goes past a critical point, you could be looking at a breakage under some thermal conditions.
Where the glass is installed can have an effect, too. If the glass is located near a heating or cooling vent, this can change the thermal conditions in such a way that the glass breaks.
Finally, there's the type of frame used – and even the colour of the frame. A frame can be more or less conductive, changing the temperature of the glass. Meanwhile, dark-coloured frames absorb more heat than lighter colours, causing an increase in temperature.

Why does hot water make glass break?

We've mentioned that temperature alone can't break a pane of glass. The cause of fracture is usually a change in temperature. This could be a sudden change or different temperatures in different parts of the glass.
The same goes for hot water. The temperature change can cause internal stress – and if it happens quickly enough, this internal tension can cause the glass to break.

How can thermal fracture be prevented?

Thermal fracture can't be ruled out entirely. It can, however, be significantly mitigated during the manufacturing process.
The chance of low-energy thermal fractures is typically dealt with by polishing the edges. Manufacturers will also inspect the finished product to see if there are any flaws that could, in certain circumstances, lead to a fracture.
High-energy thermal fractures are also mitigated during the manufacturing process. Some types of glass – including our specialities, toughened glass and laminated glass – are heat-strengthened. This helps them maintain structural stability even when experiencing changes in temperature.
ToughGlaze is a UK-based commercial glass supplier founded in 1993. For more industry insights and tips, follow our blog .

Glass guide: glass for conservatory manufacturers

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 22:47:00 GMT

A conservatory is only as good as its materials. Find out how ToughGlaze can help you win more customers and beat the competition.

When sourcing materials for conservatories, you need to be sure that you're working with a reputable firm. This is true whether you're buying uPVC, aluminium, timber, glass, tiles or polycarbonate. Anything less risks giving you a bad reputation among customers.
This is particularly acute when looking for toughened or laminated safety glass . The clue's in the name: this is seriously strong, extra-safe stuff.
The trouble is that the market is stuffed to bursting with glass processors supplying these products. How can you know who to work with? Here are five reasons why you should go for us.

Experience

When choosing a glass supplier, there's no substitute for experience. Before committing to a company, you need to be sure they've been around the block and worked with a range of clients.
This is partly a case of seeing how long they've been in business. Longevity can signal that a business is a safe pair of hands.
You should also check for testimonials. Have customers posted good reviews? Are there client testimonials on the website? If not, you're just taking their word for it – and potentially putting your own business at risk.

Accreditations

Safety glass is a carefully regulated and accredited material – and with good reason. Cutting corners could lead to an injury or worse.
This means you should always buy materials from an accredited supplier. In our case, this means the Kitemark seal of approval and compliance with BS EN standards. We also hold the ISO 9001:2015 certification – the internationally recognised standard for quality assurance.

Everything under one roof

These days, one of the tricky things about the construction industry is that supply chains are so fragmented. One company provides the hammer and another provides the nail. Add supply chain disruptions to the equation and your business could be caught short.
At ToughGlaze, we do everything under one roof – from cutting conservatory glass to treating it, from firing it to sending it your way. This gives you peace of mind and clear lines of accountability in the unlikely event that anything goes wrong.

Communication

Whatever the scale of your conservatory business, you're likely to have specific requirements. You need to be sure that a glass supplier is flexible enough to meet these. But as well as flexibility, you need good lines of communication.
If a supplier dodges your questions, look elsewhere. But if they're as transparent as the glass they're selling, you stand a good chance of getting the materials you need when you need them.

Versatility

Sometimes, people want the glass in their conservatories to have a little extra: coloured glass, frosted glass or even smart glass that changes from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button.
All of these can be found in the ToughGlaze catalogue. We can laminate glass with a coloured interlayer . We can sandblast the glass for a frosted effect. And we can provide switchable glass panels for high-end builds.
In short, we do it all. And because we do it all right here, at our state-of-the-art glass toughening plant in Bedford, you avoid production delays and supply chain mishaps. Ready to secure a clear advantage over the competition? Explore our products online or get in touch for a quick quote .

Glass for table tops: guide for manufacturers, restorers and DIYers

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 13:10:00 GMT

Do you need glass for table tops? Then you'll need to get high-quality glass from a trusted processor. Learn about your options.

If you work with tables, you'll know that they're a great example of what can happen when the functional and the beautiful collide.
It's the same story with glass. Yes, you can get a plain sheet of glass to protect an existing table. But you can also customise that glass cover so it's coloured or textured . You can even have a glass cover that changes from transparent to opaque via a smart home system. And that's before you enter the world of all-glass tables…
But any old glass won't do. Skimping on materials means more breakages, and more breakages mean more complaints and more refunds.
For this reason, you should consider using toughened glass for your tables. That goes for manufacturers, furniture restorers and anyone who needs to create or replace a glass table top.
Using toughened glass ensures a quality product that's safe and durable – and one that opens up a whole host of design opportunities.

Why use toughened glass for glass table tops?

Toughened glass has four main benefits for glass table tops: durability, safety, aesthetic appeal and versatility.
In terms of durability, it's up to five times stronger than regular annealed glass. It takes a heck of a lot of force to break a toughened glass table top. This means happy customers and appealingly long warranties.
It also means extra safety. You see, toughened glass has a secret. You wouldn't know to look at it, but when toughened glass breaks, it bursts like a balloon into a shower of tiny, pebble-like pieces.
These are far less likely to cause injury than the hefty shards a broken annealed glass table top would create. By using toughened glass in your designs, you maximise your chances of good reviews and return customers.
As for aesthetic appeal, a well-manufactured sheet of toughened glass simply looks good. There's no trade-off between safety and appearance. Instead, it's clear and smooth – exactly what customers want from a good-quality glass table top.

And finally, toughened glass is versatile. Perhaps you need a thin sheet of glass for a table top protector. Or maybe you need a chunky sheet for a standalone piece of furniture.
In either case, a glass processor can cut your glass to size. What's more, they can laminate two sheets of toughened glass with a plastic interlayer to create attention-grabbing decorative effects.
But before we get on to those decorative effects and design opportunities, it's worth pointing out one thing. Because of the way it's manufactured, toughened glass shatters when broken. This means you can't cut or drill it once it's been heat-treated.
The upshot is that if you want a glass table top with holes, they must be drilled before the glass goes into the furnace.

How laminated glass creates new design opportunities

Toughened glass consists of a single sheet of glass heated in a furnace and then rapidly cooled. Laminated glass , by contrast, consists of two sheets of glass (toughened, annealed or heat-strengthened ) bonded with a plastic interlayer.
In structural glazing and other applications, laminated glass is mostly about strength. But in the case of glass table tops, that interlayer can also provide colour, texture and pizzazz.

Fabric, mesh and coloured interlayers

The plastic interlayer in a laminated unit can be any colour – and we mean any . This means you can offer customers an unlimited palette to choose from.
It can also be textured to look like a woven metal mesh or a type of fabric . This can help you achieve industrial, rustic, abstract, vintage and modern effects, depending on what your customers want.

Digitally printed glass

Toughened and laminated glass can be printed with photorealistic digital images . These could be designs you come up with – a Tube map, say, or a catchy quote or saying.
But the table top could also be printed with designs supplied by customers. They send you a photo and we print it onto the glass. This gives customers greater control over the product and greater satisfaction when it arrives.

Sandblasted glass

Sandblasted glass has a frosted effect that's gritty to the touch. You can either sandblast the whole table top or use a stencil to create shapes, letters or other designs. You can also add a Ritec ClearShield coating to eliminate the gritty feel and create a smooth, easy-to-clean, non-stick surface.
As with digital printing and colours, sandblasting is only limited by your imagination. Why not unlock your creativity and catch customers' eyes?

Switchable glass

This is perhaps the most mesmerising decorative option of them all. Switchable glass – also known as smart glass – is a relatively recent development in the world of glass fabrication.
It's a type of glass that can be changed from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button or with a voice command. It's used in offices, homes, hospitals and even cars for privacy on demand.
But on a glass table top, it could reveal something fun or exciting installed beneath the glass panel. In a restaurant, the waiter could press a button to reveal the menu. In a domestic setting, the table top could conceal a foosball table or a piece of art.

Edgework

Furniture quality is all in the details – and in the case of glass table tops, edges are all-important. A good glass processor will be able to smooth, round or bevel the edges of a glass table top, adding elegance and a marker of quality.

Maintenance tips for customers

When you sell a customer a glass table top, you may want to include guidance on how to keep it clean and prolong its life. This could include:

Regular cleaning with a soft, preferably microfibre cloth and a non-abrasive cleaning solution
Using coasters and place mats to avoid scratches and spills
Immediately cleaning up spills and stains to prevent ongoing damage
Using rubber or silicone pads to keep a movable glass table top cover in place

Are you looking for glass lamination or toughening services? At ToughGlaze, we've processed and supplied high-quality glass for more than 30 years. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Toughened glass vs annealed glass: 5 key differences

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 12:24:00 GMT

Different applications call for different types of glass. Discover the key differences between annealed and toughened glass.

Place a pane of annealed glass and a pane of toughened glass side by side and you're unlikely to tell the difference.
Sure, there may be a manufacturer's mark saying the glass has been toughened. But other than that, they look like, well, two panes of glass.
These two types of glass, however, are different in significant ways: specifically, their strength and the way they break.
These properties come from the different ways the two types of glass are manufactured – and they lead to the different ways they're used.
So, without further ado, here are five key differences between toughened and annealed glass.

1. Molecular structure

There are two types of toughened glass. One is physically toughened (or "tempered") in a furnace. The other is chemically strengthened – a type of glass sometimes called ion-exchange treated glass. This is the glass used for phone screens and some glassware in laboratories.
Chemically strengthened glass has a different molecular structure from annealed glass. Glass doesn't have a regular molecular structure. Instead, it's made up of strings of beads of atoms.
In annealed glass, charged sodium ions (a type of particle) sit on the surface of this molecular structure.
To make chemically strengthened glass, annealed glass is immersed in a hot, molten salt bath. This replaces the sodium ions on the surface with larger potassium ions.
If you hit a piece of chemically strengthened glass, these potassium ions keep it "knitted together", withstanding the impact for longer than a pane of annealed glass would.

2. Strength

When considering the differences between toughened glass and annealed glass, strength is key. Toughened glass is up to five times stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness. This makes it far more resistant to breaking and more suitable for applications where safety is critical.
The strength of different types of glass is measured by applying pressure to the glass and bending it. The strength of security glass , which is built to withstand heavy impacts, is measured by simulating an attack, be it from a hammer, an axe or a bullet.

3. Manufacturing process

"Annealed" and "toughened" both refer to how the glass is manufactured.
Annealing involves slowly cooling hot glass. The glass is heated to its annealing point – typically around 454°C to 482°C (849°F to 900°F). This is then cooled down slowly in a controlled manner. The annealing process typically happens in a type of kiln called a "lehr".
The point of annealing is to relieve internal stresses. This stops the glass from cracking or shattering.
Annealing is about slow cooling. Physically toughened glass, however, is cooled rapidly when it's taken out of the furnace.
The pane of glass is blasted with cold air. This stops the molecules from rapidly moving and stops the glass from crystallising. The outer surface cools faster than the inside of the glass. The internal pressure this creates leads to toughened glass's extra strength and distinctive breakage pattern.
It's worth noting that the manufacturing processes for toughened and annealed glass aren't entirely separate. That's because annealed glass is the raw material used to make toughened glass. In other words, the glass is first annealed and then toughened.

4. How they break

Annealed glass breaks into sharp, jagged pieces. This makes it unsuitable for some applications – in a shower enclosure, inside a car or where there's a risk of the glass falling, for instance.
Toughened glass, by contrast, bursts like a balloon into small, granular, pebble-like pieces. This makes it less likely to cause injury in the event of a breakage. It also makes it safer to clean up.
Both annealed and toughened glass can be laminated. This adds an extra layer of safety. Laminated glass has a distinctive breakage pattern whereby the surface cracks but doesn't shatter.

5. What they're used for

Annealed glass is used where safety is important but not crucial. It's used for tabletops, some windows, picture frames and tabletops, to take just a few examples.
In these cases, the risk of injury from broken glass is minimal. There's no chance, for instance, of glass falling onto a person.
Toughened glass is used where high levels of safety are non-negotiable. It's used, for instance, for windows in so-called "critical locations" and for the rear and side windows of cars.
When laminated, both annealed and toughened glass can be used for super-tough applications. Car windscreens, for instance, are made out of laminated glass, as are doors and windows in areas vulnerable to hurricanes.
Laminated glass is also used for structural glazing. This is a type of glass which has to bear a load. Skylights, balconies, balustrades, walkways, staircases, bridges – all need to be made from laminated glass to ensure public safety.

What they have in common

Yes, annealed glass and toughened glass have their differences. But they also have a lot in common.
First off, they have the same visual appeal. Unless you're a glass expert, you're unlikely to tell the difference between the two just by looking.
Both are versatile products that can be customised in lots of different ways. They can both, for instance, be frosted and tinted and turned into mirror glass . They can also be cut to size.
They can also both be laminated. This involves placing two layers of glass together with a special interlayer, often made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
The lamination process increases the strength – and in the process, it makes the glass more thermally efficient by stopping more heat from getting through.

More annealed vs toughened glass FAQs

Are you in the market for high-quality, made-to-measure toughened glass ? ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted toughened glass suppliers. To request a quote, get in touch online or call (+44)208 838 4400.

How switchable glass integrates into a smart home or office

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 13:16:00 GMT

Switchable glass is taking homeowners and business owners by storm. Find out how it can be integrated into an existing smart ecosystem.

In many ways, glass manufacturing has remained consistent over the centuries.
There are still glassblowers. The materials used are roughly the same. Glass is still painted, coloured and decorated in other ways.
But the history of glass isn't just one of continuity. It's also dotted with sudden leaps in innovation – the invention of float glass in the 1950s, for instance, and toughened glass some 50 years earlier.
Switchable glass is the latest in this long line of ingenuity. Also known as "smart glass", it's a type of glass that can change its appearance from clear to opaque. This can be achieved by remote control or through automation.
It's already used for plane windows, privacy screens in healthcare facilities, partitions in offices and glazing in homes. It's even used for car sunroofs.
There's no doubt about it: switchable glass is on the up. But although it's now present in some households, it's far from a household name.
It's not just that many people are unaware of the applications and benefits of switchable glass. It's also that they don't know how it can be integrated into existing smart home and smart office ecosystems.
We're here to tell you how. First up: smart homes.

Smart homes

Most smart homes are built around a hub. This is effectively a control centre for the home's smart features. It allows the different components to "speak" to each other. Switchable glass can be integrated into these systems via a smart switch or relay.
The switchable glass can be activated using voice commands. You could tell your smart device to make the bathroom windows dark, for instance.
You can also "set scenes". This is where you create a lighting set-up for a specific mood or activity. You could, to take one example, set the level of light coming through the windows when you're watching a movie.
Daily scenes and routines can be scheduled. You could have your glass turn clear as the sun comes up and opaque as it goes down. You could have darkened glass in your home office during working hours.

You can also hook up your switchable glass to sensors. When you walk into a room, for instance, the glass could become transparent.
The glass can also be made to react to sunlight and temperature. This can make your home a more comfortable environment to be in, whatever the weather.
As well as being voice-activated, these features can be controlled by using your phone as a remote control. You can use your device to change the transparency levels of the glass, monitor usage and set scenes, timers and schedules.
Finally, switchable glass can be integrated with your smart lock or smart security system. When your smart lock is activated at night, your windows can automatically turn opaque. As well as this, you can set your smart home system to make the windows transparent when motion is detected outside.

Smart offices

Switchable glass can enhance a smart office in many of the same ways as a smart home. Above all else, it gives you privacy on demand – but there are other benefits, too.
Switchable glass can protect building users against UV rays. It can increase the building's energy efficiency by letting you optimise solar regulation. It can be automated for ease of use. And it gives your building an undeniable wow factor.
In the case of smart offices, it's usually workspaces that are fitted with switchable partitions. Important meeting in progress? The windows can be set to turn opaque or controlled with a smartphone or voice command.
Switchable glass has another use in smart offices. Harnessed in conjunction with rear projection and touch frame technology, it can be turned into an interactive touchscreen.
This simultaneously simplifies your tech and makes it more impressive, whether you're pitching an idea, holding a video conference or collaborating on a digital whiteboard.
Integrating switchable glass in a smart office has a lot in common with smart home integration. First, it's integrated into the office hub. From there, it can be automated or remotely controlled.

The switchable glass in an office can be integrated with the Internet of Things. The glass could go on or off when human presence is detected or according to a schedule.
Similarly, scenes can be created and controlled with smartphone applications. This lets you customise lighting for different work situations.
These scenes aren't just functional. They also show clients, staff and visitors that you mean business. If you're forward-thinking about your tech, people are likely to assume you're forward-thinking in other areas, too.

What are the challenges of integrating switchable glass into a smart home or office?

In theory, it's simple to integrate switchable glass into a smart home or office. But in practice, there can be a couple of hurdles.
The first is compatibility. Not all switchable glass can be instantly plugged into an existing smart home or office ecosystem. You may need to invest in a third-party relay. It's important to do your homework before committing to a product.
The second is wiring. Switchable glass needs a power source. If you retrofit switchable glass into a bathroom, office or bedroom, you may need to adjust the wiring.
TG SWITCH , our switchable glass, is compatible with Google Home and Amazon Alexa, right out of the box.

What are the different types of switchable glass?

There are four main types of switchable glass: electrochromic, thermochromic, photochromic and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).
Electrochromic switchable glass changes tint when a current runs through it. Thermochromic glass reacts to temperature. Photochromic glass reacts to sunlight.
At ToughGlaze, our switchable glass is PDLC. When an electric current is applied, liquid crystals scatter to frost the glass or obscure it entirely. This is the most common type of switchable glass in today's smart homes and offices.
Are you in the market for smart switchable glass ? TG SWITCH is the most reliable and advanced smart glass available anyway. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How to measure the thickness of glass

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 08:53:00 GMT

If you're a designer, architect or project manager, you may need to measure the thickness of glass. Learn how to in our guide.

When overseeing an architectural or design project, you may find yourself needing to specify the thickness of a piece of glass.
In some cases, this is a case of fitting a new piece of glass into an existing frame. In others, it will be a case of meeting building regulations and safety standards, particularly in the context of structural or architectural glazing.
Thankfully, measuring the thickness of glass isn't a difficult job, although it does require some equipment you may not have to hand. You also go about the task differently depending on whether the glass is in its frame or has been removed.

Measuring glass in a frame

If the glass is in its frame, you can use a glazing gauge or measure the frame with a ruler or tape measure.
A glazing gauge has a U-shaped section (typically made of metal) and a sliding measuring gear. The gauge is attached to the frame or glazing unit, a little like a vice. Once in position, you can take accurate measurements.
If you don't have a glazing gauge, you can take measurements with a ruler or tape measure. This will, however, be less precise than a gauge.
First, you measure the total thickness of the frame. Next, you measure the distance between the glass and the frame on either side. You can then calculate the thickness of the glass by subtracting the sum of the inset measurements from the total thickness of the frame.

Measuring glass removed from its frame

If the glass has been removed from its frame, you can measure it with callipers or a ruler. Callipers are best for smaller pieces of glass, whereas rulers are best if a rough estimate is enough.
It's worth bearing in mind that glass processors want precise measurements – so the more precise, the better.

How thick can toughened glass be?

Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) can come in a range of thicknesses. For most applications, this can be anywhere between 3 mm and 19 mm. For electronic devices, toughened glass can be as thin as 0.3 mm.
At ToughGlaze, we specialise in toughened glass for non-electronic applications. The thickness you choose will depend on the level of strength and safety your project requires. Our toughened glass products have a thickness range of 4 mm to 19 mm.

How thick can laminated glass be?

Laminated glass can come in a wide range of thicknesses, depending on what it's being used for. It can range from around 6 mm to 60 mm.
At ToughGlaze, our thickness range for laminated glass is 9.5 mm to 60 mm. Your choice of thickness will depend on the application and the level of safety, security and sound insulation you require.
Get toughened and laminated glass cut to a thickness of your choosing with ToughGlaze today. It's easy to request a quick quote online .

Glass guide: glass for storm door manufacturers

Fri, 22 Aug 2025 07:46:00 GMT

The glass in storm doors is typically toughened or laminated. These provide the requisite level of safety and protection. Find out more in our guide.

Storm doors are typically made from wood, aluminium or plastics such as PVC and fibreglass. But many have a glass element – and this element needs to be storm-resistant too.
For this reason, storm door manufacturers use either toughened or laminated glass. These are types of safety glass – a category of glass used in installations where an extra level of safety and protection is required.
Toughened glass and laminated glass both meet this requirement, but they do so in different ways. The key difference is in the way they break – and the way they break is a direct consequence of each one's manufacturing process.
As well as providing safety, these types of glass also offer energy efficiency (a quality increasingly rated by both homeowners and business owners) and noise reduction.

How is glass used in storm doors?

From one point of view, glass is used in storm doors the way it's used in normal doors: to provide visibility. However, there are two main ways glass is used in storm doors specifically.
First, there are full-view storm doors. These have a full-length glass panel inside the frame. This maximises the amount of natural light entering through the door with no sacrifice to impact resistance.
Secondly, there are ventilating storm doors. These typically have two glass panels and one or two screen panels. The glass panels are moved up and down to reveal the screen and ventilate the property.

Why use toughened glass for storm doors?

Toughened glass is up to five times stronger than annealed glass. Its high impact resistance makes it a popular choice for storm doors.
On top of this, toughened glass offers a good level of noise reduction and energy efficiency. These qualities are appreciated by homeowners and business owners alike.
Finally, toughened glass breaks safely. When it's manufactured, it's heated and then cooled rapidly. This changes the molecular composition of the glass so that it shatters into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces.
This means that if a storm is especially fierce, the door is unlikely to break – and if it does, it's unlikely to injure someone within the building.

Why use laminated glass for storm doors?

Laminated glass is used for storm doors for the same reasons as toughened glass. The key difference is that laminated glass breaks in a different way.
Instead of shattering into smithereens, it cracks along the surface but maintains structural stability. This is ideal for applications such as storm doors where safety is crucial.

How we can help

At ToughGlaze, we offer high-quality, impact-resistant toughened and laminated glass that can be cut to meet your requirements. It breaks safely and is manufactured in line with British and European safety standards.
We've been in the business since 1993 – and we're trusted around the world for our efficiency and service, no matter the size of the project. To request a quick, tailored quote, please call +44 (0)208 838 4400 or get in touch online .

Choosing glass for ceilings: practical and aesthetic considerations

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 06:40:00 GMT

Does your project call for a glass ceiling or skylight? Explore some practical and aesthetic considerations with us.

In the suburbs of Carantec, Northern France, is a remarkable building. The Maisons de Verre translates into English as "glass house" – and this is in no way a misleading name. The house's structure is made entirely out of glass – and we mean entirely .
Such an unusual building is only possible thanks to the advent of structural glazing in the 20th century. Glass was toughened and laminated to the point where it could bear loads, both structural and human.
Today, the world is full of glass staircases, bridges, balconies and more. And in many premium apartments, houses and offices, you can now find glass ceilings and ceilings fitted with skylights.
It goes without saying that when it comes to glass ceilings, safety is non-negotiable. Building regulations are in place to make sure you use the right materials manufactured to industrial safety standards.
Here at ToughGlaze, we provide a range of sectors with toughened and laminated glass for structural glazing, including walk-on glass for ceilings. Like all our products, it's Kitemark-approved and meets the relevant BS EN standards.

Glass floors

Glass floors have to be made from safety glass: in particular, glass that's been both toughened and laminated.
Glass is toughened by heating it in a furnace, taking it out and rapidly cooling (or "quenching") it with cold air.
This leads to a curious design feature: when it breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny pieces. This reduces the risk of injury from falling glass – an essential in the manufacture and installation of glass floors.
Lamination, by contrast, involves bonding two sheets of glass together with a plastic interlayer, often made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). This means if the glass unit breaks, it maintains its structural integrity.
By using toughened laminated glass , architects, designers and installers put user safety first. This is also seen in the use of anti-slip treatments.
These are specially made coatings or textured surfaces that reduce the chance of accidents caused by slipping. Dots or crosses can be etched into the glass. The glass can be frosted or sandblasted .

So, if your project specifies a glass ceiling, you'll need to invest in toughened and laminated glass manufactured to BS EN standards. Anything less puts the building users at risk.

Ceiling windows

Buildings sometimes have glass skylights – also known as rooflights or roof windows – installed into floors made from a different material.
Like entirely glass floors, these are made from safety glass. If the skylight is likely to be walked on, a combination of toughened and laminated glass will be used. If not, you can use either toughened, laminated or heat-strengthened glass .
If the room below the skylight is in regular use, laminated glass is often preferred. This is because in the event of a breakage, the skylight will crack but stay in its place.
Toughened glass, by contrast, shatters into lots of tiny pieces like pebbles. Although this is safer than the shards created by annealed glass when it breaks, toughened glass isn't ideal if there's a chance of it falling on someone.

Practical considerations

When installing a skylight, you should think about the amount of heat and light you want to pass through. This will affect your choice of glass product.
For instance, sandblasted anti-slip treatment may diminish the amount of light coming in. Coloured glass , by contrast, could create impressive visual effects.
If you want to reduce the noise coming from the floor with the skylight, you may want to use laminated glass. This provides better sound insulation than toughened glass, which, in turn, provides better sound insulation than standard annealed glass.
Perhaps the key practical consideration for both glass ceilings and skylights is sourcing the right material. And by "right", we mean a material that meets building regulations and international safety standards.

It's the manufacturer's responsibility to supply glass to your specification. But as an architect or project manager, it's your job to make sure that specification is up to scratch. Anything less could put building users at risk, potentially leading to injury, downtime and compensation payouts.

Aesthetic considerations

There are three main types of skylights available: fixed, ventilated and tubular.
A fixed skylight is the simplest. It lets in light but not ventilation. This makes it suitable for a room where ventilation is covered by another window, sliding door or ventilation unit.
Ventilated skylights can be opened and closed, letting air circulate. These are operated in different ways. Some are operated manually, others electronically and others with solar power.
Finally, there are tubular skylights. These are designed for smaller spaces and use a reflective tube to send sunlight into the room.
Whichever type of skylight you choose, there are several aesthetic dimensions to keep in mind. These include the choice of material for the frame (metal, wood or uPVC?), the size of the skylight, its placement, the path of the sun and the skylight's integration with the room's other design features.
In the case of glass floors, the main aesthetic consideration is that of colour and texture. Laminated glass can be given a coloured plastic interlayer. These can be any colour and shade of the rainbow.
In terms of texture, the main factor is the anti-slip treatment given to the glass floor. These can be etched or sandblasted.
Here at ToughGlaze, we have the widest range of anti-slip finishes on the market. Our brochure features five different patterns, from dots to squares and beyond.

Conclusion

Walk-on glass floors and skylights can add value to both commercial and residential properties. But like all structural glazing, the choice of materials is essential. Make sure you use toughened and laminated glass that's manufactured to meet BS EN standards and has the Kitemark seal of approval.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened laminated glass for a walk-on floor? Get in touch with us today for a quick, competitive quote – or explore our product range online .

Glass guide: glass for house walls

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 09:18:00 GMT

Glass wall manufacturers need to use high-quality toughened and laminated units. Learn more in our industry overview.

They say people in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. But it's no longer the case that a mere stone could break a glass wall.
This is because of 20th- and 21st-century advances in structural glazing. Today, glass can be walked on – and if it can be walked on, you can be sure it's solid, durable, safe and secure.
Most of the time, house walls are made out of toughened glass (also known as tempered glass ) and laminated glass . These are two types of safety glass – glass products that are used where extra safety is critical.
They fit into this category because of the way they break. Whereas standard annealed glass breaks into jagged shards that can injure homeowners, safety glass is built to break safely.

Why use toughened and laminated glass for house walls?

Toughened glass is tough – up to five times tougher than annealed glass. In theory, this makes it a suitable material for house walls. But it's also manufactured to shatter into smithereens when broken. Although this is safer than the shards created by annealed glass, it's not ideal for houses.
That's why house walls tend to be made from toughened laminated glass .
Laminated glass consists of two or more sheets of glass that have been bonded together with a plastic interlayer. In the case of toughened laminated glass, at least one of these layers is also toughened.
It takes a lot to damage toughened laminated glass. And when the impact finally has an effect, the glass unit doesn't shatter. Instead, cracks spread across the surface, but the unit as a whole keeps its structural stability.

Soundproofing

Toughened laminated glass has noise reduction properties, which also make it a suitable choice for structural glazing, including house walls.
For noise reduction to be most effective, however, you'll need a specialised glass product called toughened acoustic glass . Likewise, you'll need a suitable framing system that also helps to dampen noise.

Energy efficiency

These days, homes need to be energy efficient. Toughened laminated glass provides thermal efficiency as well as durability and noise reduction.
This is all thanks to the plastic interlayer (often made of PVB), which acts as an insulator and reduces the level of heat transfer. It also provides protection against UV (ultraviolet) rays.

Fire safety

Glass house walls need to be able to withstand fire. For this reason, you can get toughened and laminated fire-rated glass .
This is a laminated unit with a difference. The interlayer is made of a gel. When exposed to smoke and flames, the gel expands and acts as a barrier. This slows the spread of fire, giving building occupants longer to leave and the emergency services longer to arrive.

How ToughGlaze can help

At ToughGlaze, we provide toughened laminated units that are manufactured to BS EN 14449 standards and Kitemark-approved. These can be fire-rated, given an acoustic interlayer and cut to size all at our facilities here in Bedford.
Looking for a supplier for your next project? Learn more about our toughened and laminated glass for house walls – or get in touch to request a quick, tailored quote .

Glass guide: glass for food display systems

Mon, 11 Aug 2025 05:52:00 GMT

Food display systems need to keep food safe and hygienic. Find out how toughened glass can achieve this.

What are food display systems for? It's not a trick question. The point is that they're not only there to display the food. They're also there to protect it from sneezes and diseases.
This dual function is reflected in the materials these products are made of. They're typically plastic or stainless steel – hard-wearing materials that are easy to clean. Meanwhile, the display element is often covered by toughened glass .
We say toughened glass deliberately. Not any old glass will do. Toughened glass ticks all the boxes by being durable, protective and easy to maintain.

What food display systems use toughened glass?

A variety of food display systems use toughened glass. These include countertop cabinets, display cases, sneeze guards, glass shelves and modular food counters. Toughened glass can be used to display and protect both hot and cold food.

Why use toughened glass?

Not all food display systems use toughened glass. Some go for acrylic or annealed glass. In our view, these are inferior materials – and it's all because of how toughened glass is manufactured.
Toughened glass is made by placing a sheet of annealed glass in a furnace and heating it at around 650°C (1,200°F). Once taken from the furnace, it's blasted with cold air.
This does something special to the glass. It takes a lot of strength to break a piece of toughened glass – up to five times as much as a sheet of annealed glass of a similar thickness. But when it breaks, it breaks into a shower of smithereens rather than nasty jagged shards.

This makes it ideal for food display counters, protecting staff, customers and the food itself.
It's also more resistant to scratches, scuffs and impacts than regular glass. In cafes and restaurants where there's lots of human traffic, this can make a positive difference. It also stays clean and is easier to maintain than acrylic and annealed glass.
Finally, toughened glass helps you stay compliant with British and European industry standards.
At the end of the day, toughened glass is the material of choice for many food display systems because it keeps both you and your products safe.

How we can help

At ToughGlaze, we cut toughened glass to size for all manner of industries. Our glass is compliant with relevant standards, easy to clean and as hard as nails. These qualities make it ideal for food display systems.
On top of this, we provide a fast turnaround and clear lines of communication. Everything is cut, fired, treated and delivered from our state-of-the-art facilities, meaning peace of mind for you and your customers.
Oh, and every piece of glass we cut has the Kitemark seal of approval and is manufactured in line with BS EN standards. So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened glass that keeps you compliant and keeps things moving, don't hesitate to get in touch .

Glass guide: glass for shower enclosures

Fri, 08 Aug 2025 07:51:00 GMT

Shower door manufacturers need to ensure they use safe, sturdy materials. Find out how we can help.

In the UK and elsewhere, shower doors are usually made out of acrylic or glass. In our opinion, glass is the better option. It's stronger and looks new for longer.
But not any old glass will do. Manufacturers use toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") to ensure the shower door is robust and breaks safely. This type of safety glass can be frosted or sandblasted for extra privacy.

Why use toughened glass?

Toughened glass is around four times stronger than standard annealed glass. This makes it a safe choice for an intimate environment like the bathroom.
It's also a type of safety glass. This means that, as well as being strong, it breaks more safely than other types of glass. It takes a lot of impact to shatter a toughened glass shower door – and if it does break, it shatters into relatively harmless smithereens rather than large, sharp shards.
This is all thanks to the manufacturing process, where the glass is heated and then rapidly cooled. This excites the molecules in such a way that the glass breaks in this unique – and safer – fashion.

How thick are shower doors?

Glass doors can be anywhere between 6 mm and 12 mm. They're often on the market in 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thicknesses. You'll sometimes find off-the-shelf glass that's 5 mm thick.
The thicker the glass, the sturdier it is and the more noise it blocks out. Thinner glass is the more affordable option for manufacturers and customers. It tends to be used in smaller bathrooms.

What safety regulations apply to shower doors?

Whatever the thickness of the shower door, the panels need to be tested and certified with BS EN 12150. It should have a CE marking to show compliance with EU safety standards.
These regulations cover impact resistance and performance and demonstrate your commitment to safety to your customers.

Can toughened glass spontaneously break?

Very occasionally, toughened glass spontaneously breaks. This is mostly due to nickel sulfide inclusions . These are a rare but inevitable byproduct of the manufacturing process.
For peace of mind, you can ask your supplier to heat soak test your sheets of toughened glass. This will greatly reduce but not eliminate the chance of spontaneous breakage from nickel sulfide inclusions.

How we can help

Here at ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality toughened glass panels for a range of industries and purposes, including shower enclosures.
Like all our products, our toughened glass sheets can be cut to size and custom-made to meet your requirements. We can sandblast them for privacy and cut them to any thickness between 4 mm and 19 mm.
They also carry the Kitemark seal of approval and meet BS EN 12150 and BS EN 12600, the relevant British and international standards.
Looking for a new glass supplier? Our commitment to quality and service is unrivalled in the UK. Please don't hesitate to get in touch to request a quick, competitive quote.

The strongest glass in the world

Mon, 04 Aug 2025 10:01:00 GMT

Glass can be made to withstand heavy impacts. Explore the sturdiest specimens the world has seen so far.

What does glass need to be?
The answer you give will depend on context. The type of glass needed for a tumbler, for instance, will be different from that needed for a glass elevator.
But there are certain qualities that all glass should have. It should be aesthetically pleasing, whether clear, translucent or opaque. It should be manufactured in line with industry regulations. And above all, it should be strong.
Yes, strength is important in all applications. In some contexts, however, it's non-negotiable.
This is true whether you're installing a window where there's a risk of falling glass or constructing a structural feature like a facade, partition or balustrade. Skimping on strength means skimping on safety.
The good news is that if you work with a reputable and experienced processor, then you're working with high-quality, high-strength, fit-for-purpose products.
There's toughened glass , laminated glass , heat-strengthened glass and variations on all three. Security glass , for instance, can be made to withstand bullets, manual attacks and even bomb blasts .
These products are strong. Very strong. But they're not the strongest in the world. That accolade goes to AM-III, a material invented in China in 2021.

H3: AM-III: the strongest glass in the world

Graphene. Aerogel. Carbon nanotubes. All are examples of new, lab-made materials – and we can add to that list AM-III, the strongest glass in the world.
Developed in China, AM-III is hard and strong enough to scratch diamond crystals. It's 113 gigapascals (GPa) when measured by the Vickers hardness test. It's hard to put this figure in context, but let's just say it's very strong.
Its strength derives from its molecular structure. Diamond crystals get their strength and hardness from their organised molecular structures. AM-III, by contrast, gains strength from a combination of order and disorder in its molecules.
"Our measurements," say the scientists, "demonstrate that the AM-III material is comparable in strength to diamond and superior to the other known strongest materials."

And unlike diamonds, which are highly expensive and oxidise above 800 degrees, AM-III could have industrial applications. We may, for instance, one day see the strongest glass in the world used in solar cells.

What is a gigapascal?

A gigapascal is a unit of pressure. It's used to denote extremely high pressures in materials. One gigapascal or GPa is equal to a billion pascals!

Prince Rupert's drop

AM-III is a recent innovation. But super-strong glass has been sitting around without smashing for years. Take the curious case of Prince Rupert's drop – a toughened glass bead that looks like a tadpole with a long, thin tail.
Hit it with a hammer or shoot it with a bullet, and the drop will stay intact. Snap the tail, however, and the whole thing will burst into smithereens.
These contradictory properties are a result of the manufacturing process. Molten glass is dripped into cold water, creating high stress within the bead.
Also known as Dutch or Batavian tears, these fascinating specimens are named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine. He brought them to England in 1660, although they probably existed before then. The Royal Society and other scientists quickly set to work on studying their properties.
Without these studies, glassmakers may never have hit upon toughened glass – a product used in everything from car windows to shopfronts.

Gorilla Glass

Now in its ninth generation, Gorilla Glass is the proprietary name for a type of thin, light, super-strong glass primarily used for smartphone covers.
It's a kind of glass toughened by a process called "ion exchange". This involves submerging the glass in molten alkaline potassium salt at a high temperature.
When this happens, sodium ions swap places with bigger potassium ions. These make the glass stronger and more resistant to cracking.
Despite its strength – and use in everything from smartphones to smartwatches to TV screens – Gorilla Glass faces stiff competition from rival products. These include Dragontrail, Xensation and synthetic sapphire.

How strong is toughened glass?

Toughened glass (also known as "tempered glass") is known for its strength. It's typically four to five times stronger than standard annealed glass of the same thickness.
This strength is one reason why it's classed as safety glass. The other reason is its unique breaking pattern.
When toughened glass breaks, it doesn't split into great, sharp shards. Instead, it creates a shower of tiny, relatively harmless glass pebbles.
This makes it an ideal choice in applications where there's a risk of falling glass.

How strong is laminated glass?

Laminated glass is made by bonding two sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer. This makes it much stronger than annealed glass. And like toughened glass, it breaks in a way that maximises safety.
If you drub a laminated glass unit, it won't shatter. Instead, it will crack along the surface in a pattern like a spider's web.
You may have seen this in car windscreens where laminated glass is standard. It's also used for structural glazing and glazing in hurricane zones.

How do you measure the strength of glass?

The strength of glass is measured through tests. Most of the time, this consists of bending the glass until it breaks.
It's slightly different in the case of security glass. This is glass built to withstand heavy manual attacks from firearms, explosives and other powerful impacts.
In the case of bulletproof glass, this literally consists of firing a gun at the glass. Other types of glass are attacked with axes and hammers and dropped from specific heights.
These measurements are important because all of these products are meant to increase safety. If a toughened or laminated glass product hasn't been adequately tested, you could be putting building users and passersby at risk.
Looking for strong glass, tested in accordance with BS EN standards? Explore our range of laminated and toughened glass products today or get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

How to create a template for a glass processor

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 06:36:00 GMT

Templates are essential when working with glass processors. Get the facts you need from industry experts.

When working with a glass processor, it's not just the glass that should be crystal clear. Good communication is essential to ensure you get the glass products you want to the specification you want.
This partly hinges on the template or templates you send to the processor. These are the blueprints of your project. The better they are, the greater your chances of customer satisfaction.
Detailed, accurate templates allow the processor to hit the ground running and not waste any time on clarificatory back-and-forths. It's not just that this is a nuisance. It will also impact your lead times and potentially introduce delays to your project.
Above all, your glass processor needs good measurements. They also need the template to be well-presented. But what do we mean by "good" or "well-presented" in this context?

The importance of accurate measurements

A picture of your design isn't enough. Every line needs to be measured.
And when we say "measured", we're talking accurate measurements – no guesswork. You should label side lengths, heights, thicknesses, block sizes, offsides and tolerances . You should also mark any cutouts, notches or hardware onto your template.
If your finished design will be installed into a space, it can help to provide a picture or sketch of the space. This could apply if you're going to a glass processor to get glass for a window, say, or a shower enclosure.
Drawings and designs are fine – so long as they're accurately labelled. But it can be to your advantage to provide a template in the shape of the finished product.

What makes a good template?

A template must be the exact size and shape of the finished product. It can be drawn on hardboard, Correx, ply, polycarbonate, sheet metal, hardboard, heavy paper or cardboard – any material, in short, that's thick and won't rip. This means wrapping paper, cloth, thin cardboard and newspaper are all no-nos.
The design should be drawn or printed onto the template with thin, clear lines. Each line and detail must be labelled with measurements.

If your template is made of wood, make sure there are no screws or other bits of hardware sticking out of the surface.
Exactness is all. Many processors will reject a design that uses guesstimates or labels of the "add 2 mm here" variety.
It can also be helpful to mark your template with your company name and project name.
Finally, be mindful if your design has different surfaces. If one side is frosted or made of mirror glass , you should mark the relevant side.
Physical templates are best for simple shapes. They can be made by overlaying your material onto the space where the glass will sit. You can then trace and cut the shape.
Whatever material you use, your template will be digitised by the glass processor and fed into a computer numerical control (CNC) machine or other type of glass cutter.
If the design is more complex, computer-aided design (CAD) files are the way to go.

CAD files

Most glass processors use CAD and cut glass using a CNC machine or CAD-driven laser cutter.
This involves feeding a DXF file into the machine. The machine then cuts the glass using the file as a guideline.
DXF – an acronym that stands for "Drawing eXchange Format" – is a widely used file format for sharing and exchanging CAD data. It was created to be used across different software programs.
DXF files are vector-based. This means they represent a design with lines, curves and other geometric shapes rather than individual pixels.
More and more glass processors ask customers for DXF files. If you don't have the software or skills, this can be a time-consuming job.
Some companies process DXF files for you. You submit a template on hardwood or another suitable material and they turn it into CAD files.
Files can be shared with the processor via a file-sharing platform, email, cloud storage or a dedicated customer portal. Some processors may also accept memory sticks or other physical storage devices.

Before sending files, make sure you've got the right format. DXF is widely used – however, older versions of software may struggle with newer formats and vice versa.

Making a physical template for curved glass

If you're ordering a piece of curved glass, this needs to be reflected in your physical template.
You should use a material like hardboard, fibreglass or Aqua Plus PVC. The template should be reinforced to make sure it's stiff and sturdy.
Check the accuracy of the template by inserting it into the frame where the finished product will be installed. Make sure the centre is smooth and free from bowing and warping. Any imperfections of this kind will affect the manufacturing process.

What are tolerances?

When sharing measurements with a glass processor, you should include tolerances. This is a technical way of saying "wiggle room" – the minimum or maximum variations that can be allowed.
Glass processors can be exact but may not be able to cut a piece of glass to the exact millimetre or less. Tolerances let them know how much variation is acceptable.
Your glass processor should ask for tolerances at the start of the process. It's important to provide tolerances so the processor can give you an accurate quote – and so you get a usable product at the end.
It's a great example of how important clear communication is when working with a glass processor. Give them the details you need and you'll get the product you want. Skimp on the details and you'll be looking at longer lead times – and, at worst, having to start the process all over again.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is one of the UK's leading toughened glass suppliers . We work with leading construction, architecture and manufacturing firms to deliver high-quality, fully compliant glass products – on time and on spec. Want to talk glass? Get in touch today for a fast, free quote.

Glass guide: glass for the framing industry

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 06:25:00 GMT

In museums and galleries, glass helps protect artworks. Find out the types of glass that are used.

Museums and galleries often use glass to frame artworks. The type of glass used can be known as "framing glass", "conservation glass" or "museum-quality glass".
These, however, are umbrella terms. "Glass for framing" covers several different types of glass. The choice of material will depend on factors like the strength needed and whether the artwork needs special protection from heat and UV rays.
Whatever type of glass is used, framing glass needs to simultaneously exhibit and protect an artwork. As Tate Modern says:
"In selecting the most appropriate glazing for works of art on paper, or indeed for any work of art, the safety of the work itself is paramount."
Different institutions will use different types of glass to achieve this. If you need special protection against breakage, we recommend laminated glass . This gives a high level of optical clarity and high levels of robustness.

What types of glass are used for framing?

In some settings, standard annealed glass does the job just fine. Some institutions, however, choose low-iron glass. This is made from a special iron-free silica and has a higher level of light transmission than regular glass.
If extra protection is needed, many museums and galleries opt for laminated glass. This maintains its structural integrity when it breaks, meaning the artwork is less likely to be damaged in the event of vandalism or other physical impact.

Another type of glass used is acrylic. This has a high level of light transmission. On top of this, it's lightweight and shatter-resistant.
All these types of glass can be given surface treatments to filter out UV rays. This is especially important for old and delicate artworks. This includes photos and art on paper.

Why use laminated glass for framing?

Laminated glass is built to be shatter-resistant. It takes a lot of effort to break – and when it does break, a crack spreads across the surface. However, it doesn't shatter. This makes it ideal for expensive or delicate artworks.
It's usually made from two sheets of glass with a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer. These are bonded together at an extremely high temperature.
To give you an idea of its strength, laminated glass is the material of choice for structural glazing in areas vulnerable to extreme weather. It's also used for load-bearing structural glass.
Laminated glass can also be treated to make it bullet-resistant. In the context of framing, this is unusual but not unheard of. No less than theMona Lisa is framed using bulletproof glass .
Laminated glass is preferable to toughened glass . When toughened glass shatters, it breaks into lots of little pieces, which could damage the artwork.
So, if you're looking for clear, robust glass for framing, laminated glass could be the product for you. Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote and expert industry advice.

How to tell if glass is tempered

Mon, 28 Jul 2025 11:48:00 GMT

Tempered glass has many advantages over other kinds of glass. But how can you tell the difference?

Tempered glass – also known as " toughened glass " – is a type of safety glass with many use cases. From car windscreens to shower doors, from facades to splashbacks, it provides durability in spades.
In these contexts, the case for tempered glass pretty much makes itself. It lasts longer, withstands more and breaks more safely than its annealed or float counterparts.
It's not, however, a type of glass that visibly announces itself. Whereas glass products like frosted glass or sandblasted glass can be identified as such in seconds, toughened glass is harder to spot.
To the untrained eye, in fact, it looks like, well, a sheet of glass. But for those in the know, there are plenty of ways to identify it. Here are 10 methods you can use to tell if glass is toughened.

1. Look for markings

As a type of safety glass, toughened glass is there to provide extra safety and protection to passersby and building occupants. In some situations – "critical locations", as they're known – it has to be used.
Because of this, fabricators are legally required to label toughened glass. The markings you're looking for will be faintly printed or carved in one of the corners.
This marking, also known as a "tempered bug", will show the manufacturer's name and a certification label or logo. This lets you know it meets the relevant standards for safety glass in your country.
Over time, however, this bug can fade – so don't take the lack of a label as proof the glass isn't tempered. Use at least one other identification method to be sure.

2. Examine the corners

The corners of toughened glass tend to be smooth and slightly rounded, whereas other types of glass often have sharper, less finished edges.
This can often be identified just by looking – but it's also something you can identify by running your fingers (carefully) over the corners.

3. Look for strain patterns and roller waves

Toughened glass is produced at extreme temperatures in a furnace. One consequence of this process is that it often has imperfections – small warps and blemishes that don't affect its performance.

These byproducts are one sign that a piece of glass is toughened. Holding it up to the light, you might be able to see faint strain patterns through the glass.
You could also see roller waves. This is a faint wave pattern left by the rollers during the manufacturing process.
It's important to note that these blemishes don't affect the quality of the glass.

4. The polarised lens test

Polarised lenses or polarised sunglasses can reveal dark spots or lines that indicate the glass is toughened. These are strain patterns – harmless byproducts of the heat-strengthening process. You may need to rotate the lens to see them.
A similar test involves exposing the glass to ultraviolet (UV) light. If it's toughened, the glass will produce a distinctive fluorescent pattern. This is because the glass likely contains minerals and impurities that show up under UV light.

5. The tap test

Throughout history, glass has often been used for its musical properties. And in the case of toughened glass, the sound it produces when tapped with a coin, pen or other object can be a clue to its identity.
The toughening process makes the glass vibrate at a higher frequency. This means it has a ringing tone like a tuning fork, whereas non-toughened glass produces a dull thud.

6. The lighter test

Take a lighter and hold it next to a piece of glass. If you can see two flames, you're probably looking at a sheet of toughened glass.
This test will only work with plain toughened glass. If it's been frosted or otherwise treated, results will be less conclusive.

7. The heat resistance test (or the lighter test part two)

Toughened glass is tough. One sign of this is that it can withstand higher temperatures than its non-toughened counterparts.
One way to tell that a piece of glass is toughened is to (carefully!) hold a lighter to the glass for a few seconds. If the surface doesn't crack, it's probably toughened. Of course, if it does crack, you're left with a damaged piece of glass – so think carefully before trying this one at home.

8. The scratch test

Like method number seven, this involves potentially damaging a piece of glass and so may not be advisable.
It works like this. Take a metal key and scratch the glass. A sheet of toughened glass will feel smooth under this pressure, whereas non-toughened glass will offer resistance.

9. Measure for thickness

Depending on its application, toughened glass can be thicker than standard glass. At ToughGlaze, for instance, we cut toughened glass from four millimetres to 19 millimetres.
This isn't always the case, however, so measuring the thickness only works as an identifier in conjunction with other tests.

10. Smash it or drill it (the breakage test)

By now, you've probably figured out if your piece of glass is toughened or not. But there's no more definitive test than seeing how it breaks.
Toughened glass, you see, has a distinctive breakage pattern. This is one reason why it's classified as a type of safety glass. Whereas annealed glass breaks into big chunks that can cause injury, toughened glass shatters into relatively harmless smithereens.
This is thanks to the manufacturing process. Glass is heated to around 650°C (1,200°F) and then rapidly blasted with cool air. This changes the molecular composition and the way the glass breaks.
Another consequence of this process is that toughened glass shatters instantly if you try to drill or cut it. This is why you need your glass to be cut or otherwise shaped before it's toughened.
Of course, breaking a piece of glass to find out if it's toughened is a classic case of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. Far better to look for the fabricator's markings or rounded corners. But as tests go, it's pretty conclusive…
ToughGlaze is a UK glass processor with a global reputation for delivering quality products at scale. Do you need to order tempered glass for a project? We can handle any volume and offer a wide range of processing options. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

5 glass shelving ideas for interior designers

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 05:52:00 GMT

Are you an interior designer looking for glass shelving inspiration? Explore 5 ideas from our glass experts.

In English idioms, shelves tend to get a bad rep. An off-the-shelf product is functional but ordinary. To be on the shelf is to be overlooked. And so on and so on.
Interior designers know, however, that shelves have lots of aesthetic and functional potential. Like all furniture, in fact, they exist on a spectrum. At one end is the purely functional and at the other is the purely beautiful.
At the functional end, shelves are there to maximise space by providing vertical storage. At the beautiful end, they're like a glass case in a museum: a way of showcasing your pictures, books, records, flowers, ornaments or souvenirs.
And what better way to showcase your belongings than with glass shelving? Wood and iron are all very well and good. But there's something undeniably minimalistic and cool about glass.
Here, then, are five glass shelving ideas to bring a touch of class to your next project.

1. Harness that futuristic floating look

Want it to look as though those books and houseplants are floating in mid-air? Glass shelving is the way to go.
Of course, levitating shelves are still in the realm of science fiction. But you can achieve that floating look with discreet wall mountings.
Floating glass shelves are a great way to be economical with space. Because they're installed singly, rather than as part of a cabinet or unit, they can be tastefully arranged around the room.
And they'll look fantastic in any part of a home, whether that's the bathroom, kitchen or bedroom. The only limit is your imagination.

2. Bring the outdoors in

How do you create a warm, light environment indoors? It's partly a case of maximising windows and reducing clutter. It's partly a case of colour schemes, as Patrick Grant discusses on the Chromologist podcast.
But it's also about your choice of materials. Glass shelves maximise sunlight as well as space. This is especially true if they're mounted near a window and filled with herbs, flowers, succulents or houseplants.

For a real rustic look, you could even combine the glass shelves with a wooden frame, iron frame or a combination of the two.
You can also get your glass coloured . This involves sandwiching a coloured interlayer between two panes of glass. It's a great way to complement and build on your project's colour palette.
Whatever you choose, glass shelves can help bring the outdoors in – something that will make the space simultaneously more open and more homely.

3. Add a burst of colour

Glass shelving often has an austere, minimalist look. Depending on how it's applied, it can conjure up a spa, an industrial unit or an upend store in the financial district.
But glass is nothing if not versatile. It can be coloured and patterned in a remarkable number of ways.
There are coloured interlayers, of course. These can turn your glass shelves any colour on the spectrum. Glass can be sandblasted , adding a gritty texture to the shelves or their backings. You can have a design of your choice printed on it in photorealistic detail.
You can even have your glass shelves illuminated from above, beneath or behind by strips of LEDs . At ToughGlaze, we call this WOL ("World of Light"). The difference it can make to a room is something else.
So, if you're looking for a splash of panache for your next project, decorative glass shelving could be just what you're after.

4. Maximise space

For most homeowners and interior designers, space is the biggest opportunity – and the biggest obstacle.
When space is limited, creativity is called for. Glass shelves are a fantastic (and versatile) way of maximising space in any room and in any property.
Put simply, glass can make a room feel bigger – and glass shelves are no exception. You just need to mentally picture an oak cabinet versus floating-style glass shelves to see what we mean.

Mirrors are a tried and tested way of making a room feel bigger. Combine glass shelving with mirrored backings and you might be surprised at the difference it makes.

5. Play with shapes

Shelves don't have to be flat. You can get glass shelving in a wide range of shapes, from staircase-like designs to curved, even bowl-like applications and from single shelves to complex units.

How to clean glass shelves

Glass shelves are a doddle to clean. Simply spray a commercial glass cleaner or a solution of water and vinegar onto the shelves and wipe them down with a microfibre cloth. You'll need to wipe in vertical strokes and buff after to ensure a streak-free finish.

What are glass shelves made of?

Glass shelves are typically made from toughened glass , also known as tempered glass. This is a type of safety glass used for its durability and safe breakage pattern.
But toughened glass isn't the only material used for glass shelving. Some manufacturers also use low-iron glass and frosted satin glass.
Toughened glass, however, has a lot going for it. There's a reason why it's used for applications where safety is a must. It's up to five times stronger than standard annealed glass. And when it breaks, it breaks safely.
This is a consequence of the manufacturing process. Toughened glass is heated at around 650°C (1,200°F) and then rapidly cooled with blasts of air. This excites the molecules in such a way that the glass breaks into small, relatively harmless, pebble-like pieces – not a shard in sight.
It's strong. It's safe. It's durable. And it's also customisable. If you're an interior designer looking for inspiration or a way to realise your vision, toughened glass is a great place to start.
Looking for high-quality toughened glass for shelving? ToughGlaze has been in the business for more than 30 years and has become one of the UK's most trusted toughened glass suppliers . Please don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick quote or to discuss your requirements.

Can I put glass in a skip?

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 07:24:00 GMT

Glass can pose a hazard and should always be disposed of safely. Learn how this applies to skips.

When disposing of glass, you have options. One is to dispose of it in a skip. If you do, there are certain safety precautions to follow in order to protect yourself and the removal team.
You should also think about the amount of glass you're disposing of. Large amounts present safety problems. If you're unsure what constitutes "large", speak to your skip hire company.

What kinds of glass can you dispose of in a skip?

Most kinds of glass can be disposed of in a skip. However, you should avoid disposing of glass that contains hazardous chemicals or materials like asbestos. This includes items like fluorescent lightbulbs.
Greenhouse glass, glass bottles, glass doors, glass tables and furniture, windows and toughened glass can all be added to a skip.
Glass bottles should be empty with the lids on if possible.
You should take extra care when disposing of toughened glass, as when it breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny pieces.
Mirrors are difficult to recycle. For this reason, it's best to repurpose a mirror if possible, whether by selling it, giving it as a gift or donating it to a charity shop. If you put a mirror in a skip, put it in last to minimise the chances of breakage.
Finally, it's OK to put glass with mixed waste in a skip. You just need to ensure that the mixed waste isn't contaminated and doesn't contain any prohibited items. Check with the hire company to find out what you can and can't include.

How to dispose of glass in a skip safely

To dispose of glass safely, you should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). You should wear eye protection and gloves. It's also sensible to cover your legs and upper body.
Wrap small pieces of glass and place them in a cardboard box or other container before they go in the skip. This should be labelled to assist the removal team.
Large pieces of broken glass should be taped up along the fractured edge. This applies to sheets of glass, windows, mirrors and other glass objects.
Once the skip has been collected, check the surroundings carefully for any pieces of broken glass. These can cause injury to pedestrians and wildlife.

How is glass recycled?

In the UK, most skip-hire companies have agreements in place with waste treatment facilities. This means any glass disposed of in a skip is likely to end up recycled.
First, the glass is removed from the skip and sent to a facility. There, it's sorted by colour and washed. It's then crushed and melted down before being turned into new products such as jars and bottles.
Based in Bedford, ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted commercial glass specialists . For more guides and tips, explore our free resources .

Glass guide: curved glass for staircase manufacturers

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 08:44:00 GMT

Explore key considerations and regulations when sourcing and installing curved glass for staircases.

When manufacturing a glass staircase, not just any glass will do. You don't need us to tell you why. If your finished installation will be used by people, you need to be sure it's robust, safe and built to last.
For this reason, toughened laminated glass is the order of the day. This is the type of safety glass used for car windscreens and shopfronts. It's a combination of two safety glass staples used to ensure durability and load-bearing capacity.
It consists of two panes of toughened glass laminated with a plastic interlayer. This provides the best of both worlds. The toughened outer panes break safely, while the laminate ensures the staircase maintains structural stability in case of breakage.
Toughened and laminated glass can be curved. This is something many designers and manufacturers require for high-end glass staircases.

What is toughened and laminated glass?

Toughened glass is a type of safety glass that's up to five times stronger than annealed glass. It's built to break safely into pebble-like pieces rather than jagged shards.
This unique breakage pattern is a product of the manufacturing process. The glass is heated at a high temperature and then rapidly cooled ("quenched") with cold air.
Laminated glass is a different kind of safety glass. It consists of two or more panes of glass joined with plastic interlayers. When enough force is applied, the panes crack but don't shatter. This makes it ideal for structural glazing.

Together, toughened and laminated glass provide safety and durability in spades – and can also be curved to meet your design requirements.

How is toughened laminated glass curved?

There are several stages to the process. First, the glass is heated until it softens. It's then put in a mould. There, it's rapidly cooled. This toughens the glass and means it breaks safely.
The manufacturer now has a piece of toughened curved glass. This is then bonded with another piece with a plastic interlayer in between.

Can curved glass be processed?

Yes, curved glass for staircases can be processed. It can be sandblasted or coloured with an interlayer, for instance.
It can also be drilled to provide insertion points for hardware and fixtures. This has to be done before rather than after the toughening process.

What safety regulations apply to curved glass?

Curved glass for staircases is typically toughened and laminated. These types of safety glass need to be manufactured in line with BS EN standards: BS EN 14449 for laminated glass and BS EN 12150 for toughened glass. Good-quality toughened laminated glass will also carry the Kitemark seal of approval.
Before embarking on a project, you should check with your local building authority to ensure you're meeting their codes and regulations.
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted commercial glass specialists . Are you a staircase manufacturer or installer looking for a new glass supplier? We pride ourselves on exceptional product quality, full compliance and short lead times. Don't hesitate to contact us to discuss your needs.

Glass guide: glass for vivariums

Fri, 11 Jul 2025 07:38:00 GMT

Vivariums need to be sturdy and safe. Find out how our toughened and laminated glass products fit the bill.

Vivariums can be made out of acrylic, polycarbonate or glass. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages. In our opinion, however, glass is best.
You might hear it said that acrylic and polycarbonate are superior choices of materials because they can be cut and drilled easily. Acrylic, however, has a tendency to bow – and both materials discolour over time.
Glass, by contrast, is sturdy and easy to clean. Not any glass will do, however. When it comes to vivariums, safety is everything – so safety glass is a must.
"Safety glass" is an umbrella term for any type of glass built for extra safety and security. The two main types are toughened glass and laminated glass . These are used for everything from shopfronts to kitchen splashbacks, from grand facades to modest tabletops.

What is toughened glass?

Toughened glass is a type of safety glass that's up to five times stronger than standard annealed or float glass. On top of this, it breaks in a way designed to minimise the chance of harm to passersby.
It's heated and then rapidly cooled. This acts on the molecular composition of the glass and means that when it breaks, it breaks into lots of tiny pieces. Compare this to the sharp shards created by standard glass and you'll see why toughened glass is a type of safety glass.

Why should you use toughened glass for a vivarium?

Toughened glass is suitable for vivariums because it's strong and breaks safely. It's also a versatile glass product. Processors can add colour and texture . They can add a screen-printed or digitally printed design. They can even illuminate it with LED strips .
Glass processors can also make the borders smooth to the touch. This makes it safer to handle and can make the finished vivarium more aesthetically pleasing.
It's important to note that toughened glass can only be drilled or cut before it's toughened. If you attempt to modify it afterwards, it will shatter into smithereens.

What is laminated glass and why should you use it for a vivarium?

Laminated glass is a type of safety glass consisting of two sheets of glass and a plastic interlayer. This interlayer means that when the glass is smashed, it stays in its frame. This makes it ideal for vivariums, terrariums, tanks and other enclosures.
You can also get glass that's toughened and laminated. This is used in structural glazing for glass installations that needs to bear heavy weights. Unless you're building a vivarium in a high-risk area, toughened or laminated glass alone will do.
Cutting laminated glass takes skill and you may run into trouble if you attempt it yourself. This is one reason why providing your glass processor with a detailed design can reap dividends down the line.
Are you looking for high-quality glass for vivariums? With more than 30 years of experience, ToughGlaze is one of the most trusted names in the industry. Explore our tempered glass products to get started – or get in touch to request a quick, competitive quote.

Is BS EN 12150 glass fire-resistant?

Mon, 07 Jul 2025 08:06:00 GMT

BS EN 12150 is a code that designates toughened glass. But is it fire-resistant? Learn from the experts.

The world of UK glass is governed by BS EN standards. These are the British Standard implementation of European Standards. They give fabricators and processors standardised legal guidelines to work within and serve to reassure customers that they're dealing with good-quality materials.
Toughened glass has to meet BS EN 12150, whether in a domestic or commercial setting. If a sheet of glass hasn't met these requirements, it could be a subpar product.
This standard covers the strength of toughened glass and the way it breaks. If it doesn't shatter into lots of tiny pieces, it doesn't count as toughened glass.
Pretty much every piece of structural glass has to meet BS EN 12150. This includes partitions, tabletops, shelves, shower screens and more. The major exception for safety glazing is laminated glass. This is covered by BS EN 14449.
But does BS EN 12150 have anything to do with fire resistance? Or is this aspect of glass fabrication governed by a different standard?

Is toughened glass fire-resistant?

Toughened glass offers some level of heat resistance – around five times more than standard annealed glass, by some estimates.
This is small fry, however, compared to specialised fire-resistant glass. This is a type of glass built specifically for fire protection. It typically works by including a fire-resistant interlayer that retards the spread of smoke and fire.
So no, BS EN 12150 (toughened) glass isn't fire-resistant. There are, however, specialised products available that are.

What is fire-resistant glass?

Fire-resistant glass – also known as fire-rated glass – is a type of glass that meets legal standards of fire resistance. In the UK, this is covered by BS EN 15998.
Sometimes, fire-rated glass is marketed as "heatproof" or "fireproof". These are misnomers. No glass is fully fireproof. Instead, it's rated by its ability to withstand fire.
This is measured in minutes. E30 fire-rated glass, for instance, can withstand fire for 30 minutes, E120 can withstand it for 120 minutes, and so on.

About our fire-rated glass

At ToughGlaze, everything we do is in line with industry standards. That includes BS EN guidelines. On top of this, all our products carry the Kitemark seal of approval.
TG FR is our fire-rated glass product. It's a type of toughened laminated glass designed to provide significant fire protection.
It's rated up to EI120, meaning it can withstand fire and smoke for up to two hours. It achieves this while maintaining optical clarity. To the untrained eye, it looks just like any other pane of glass.
TG FR has a special gel sandwiched between two panes of toughened glass. In the event of a fire, this interlayer forms a protective barrier against heat, flames and smoke.
And like all our products, TG FR can be cut to size and customised to meet your specific project requirements, whether that's a partition, fire door, glass roof or other installation.
Looking for top-of-the-range fire-rated glass? Shop for TG FR today or explore the rest of our range .

How to clean up broken glass safely

Fri, 04 Jul 2025 07:23:00 GMT

Has something smashed? Get to grips with the dos and don'ts of cleaning up broken glass in our guide.

Whether at home or work, your priority when cleaning up broken glass is to keep yourself and others safe. Handled incorrectly, broken glass can cause cuts, lacerations and puncture wounds.
There are different ways of doing it. All safe methods have one thing in common. They remove any contact between the broken glass and your skin, whether through personal protective equipment (PPE), tools or a combination of the two. This applies whether you're cleaning up large shards, tiny pieces or anything in between.

Dos

Do secure the area so other people avoid injury.
Do wear appropriate shoes and protective gloves. Gloves should be made from a heavy material. Nitrile, vinyl and latex gloves aren't up to the task.
Do use tools. This could be a dustpan and broom, tongs, tweezers or forceps. You can also use heavy paper or light cardboard to scoop up fragments.
Do put broken glass into a sturdy container like a plastic bucket or cardboard box. This should be labelled "broken glass" before you dispose of it.
Do put broken glass in the general waste bin or a skip.
Do contact the council or recycling centre if you're dealing with a large quantity of broken glass.
Do clean up tiny shards using a wet paper towel, an absorbent pad or adhesive tape.
Do clean your shoes before leaving the clean-up area. Failure to do this can mean spreading fragments of broken glass to other parts of the building.
Do use a vacuum cleaner for small pieces of broken glass.

Don'ts

Don't clean up glass barefoot or bare-handed.
Don't kneel. Stand and bend at the waist or sit on a low stool instead.
Don't put broken glass in your recycling bin.
Don't forget to check the room for remnants of glass. Shattered glass can travel farther than you might expect. This may involve moving furniture around.
Don't use a broom unless you have no choice. Glass fragments can get caught in the bristles and are hard to dislodge.
Don't ignore any waste disposal guidelines in your office or company.

Other methods for safely cleaning up broken glass

If you're dealing with a small amount of broken glass, you can use a piece of glass or half a potato. Stick your tool against the shards and put them straight into a container.
You can also wrap duct tape around your hand with the sticky side facing outwards. This can be used to pick up shards.
For larger amounts of broken glass, you should use tools to stay safe.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze has grown to become one of the UK's leading commercial glass suppliers . For more tips and guides, visit our blog .

Specialist glass suppliers and what they do

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 08:20:00 GMT

Looking for a specific type of glass? Not every supplier can help. Learn about specialist glass suppliers today.

Who are the unsung heroes of our modern world? Refuse collectors, you might say. Nurses. Care workers. But how about glass suppliers?
We're not kidding around – nor are we blowing our own trumpet too loudly. Close your eyes for a moment and try, if you can, to imagine a world without glass.
At this stage in human history, a world without glass is like a world without the internet. It's needed in every industrial sector. It makes transportation possible. It's used in everything from a one-room flat to a downtown skyscraper. It's used to store food. It's used in healthcare. It's used in – well, you get the picture.
Despite the integral role that glass suppliers play in keeping our society ticking along, the average person knows very little about them.
What do they do all day? What are their specialities? How are they different from glass manufacturers and glass processors? How can you tell a good one from a bad one?
In this article, we aim to illuminate this most vital yet under-celebrated type of business – before shining a light on our own services. We hope it (ahem) clears things up.

What does a glass supplier do?

A glass supplier's primary role is to supply businesses and individuals with glass products. These cover everything from raw materials to finished glass products.
Some glass suppliers also manufacture their own glass. Others process it for specific uses. Still others distribute it on behalf of other manufacturers. Some do a combination of these tasks or focus on just one.
Not every glass supplier handles those raw materials used to make glass panes. Not every glass supplier cuts glass, toughens it or makes it into mirrors . It all depends on the firm and its particular specialities.
A firm could specialise in products – mirrors, say, or glass balconies . Some offer installation services, delivery services or technical support.
It's a field that's bursting with variety – and here at ToughGlaze, we're proud to say we specialise in more than most. We process and supply a huge range of products – and we deliver them, too.

This all-in-one service has its advantages – but before we get into the meat of the matter, let's consider some of the specialisms that different glass suppliers might have.

What do specialist glass suppliers specialise in?

A glass supplier could specialise in a particular type of glass. At ToughGlaze, we specialise in toughened and laminated glass – types of glass designed to be installed in critical locations where extra safety is required. Another supplier might specialise in float glass or annealed glass.
Another kind of speciality relates to client bases. A glass supplier might, for instance, specialise in supplying glass products to businesses or homeowners, architects or contractors. They might supply glass to the automotive industry.
They might specialise in security glass – glass that's built to withstand bombs, bullets or bandits. Or their focus might be on fire-rated glass that stops the spread of fire and smoke.
Then there's decorative glass . This is an umbrella term covering a wide range of glass products – from glass with mesh or fabric interlayers to coloured glass, from sandblasted glass to screen-printed.
Finally, a glass supplier could specialise in smart glass, also known as switchable glass. This is an innovative glass product that allows users to change it from transparent to opaque via a smart home system.
The answer, then, to the question "What do specialist glass suppliers specialise in?" is "Pretty much anything". But how about us here at ToughGlaze?

ToughGlaze: our specialisms

What do we specialise in? The clue's in the name. Many of our products are made from toughened glass. But within that broad category falls a remarkable number of products and processes.
We make laminated glass . We make heat-strengthened glass . We make glass built for fire safety . We make glass built to block out noise . We make glass specifically designed to withstand force from bombs , bullets and bandits .

As if that wasn't enough, we also supply a wide range of decorative glass products. These range from switchable privacy glass to glass lit up by LEDs . We provide laminated glass with mesh interlayers , fabric interlayers and coloured interlayers . We even let you print your designs onto glass.
And unlike some glass suppliers, we don't limit our glass products to specific industries. We supply toughened and laminated glass products to all manner of clients, including architects who need materials for complex, large-scale structural glazing products.
We see a continuity between our job as a glass supplier and our job as a glass processor. At the end of the day, it's all about creating a seamless experience for the customer.
This takes several forms. Because we manufacture, process and supply all our products from under one roof, customers can expect fast turnarounds, transparency, accountability and clear lines of communication. At a time of significant supply chain disruptions, this is more important than ever.

How can working with just one glass supplier help you beat the supply chain blues?

We live at a time when supply chain disruption is the norm, not the exception. So, how can working with one glass supplier help you beat the supply chain blues?
It's a topic we've covered in detail before – but in the context of specialised suppliers, the answer is simple. If you work with a supplier that distributes on behalf of a processor, you could face significant disruption.
Whether it's COVID-19, the Suez Canal blockage or US tariffs, global supply chains have rarely been in such a state of flux. Working with a firm that specialises in a product like toughened glass rather than just one link in the chain means less disruption, more accountability and fewer sleepless nights.
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted suppliers of toughened glass and other commercial glass products. Do you need a one-stop supplier for your next project? Let's talk. Get in touch with our experts online – or call 020 838 4400.

Obscure glass regulations in the UK explained

Fri, 27 Jun 2025 08:03:00 GMT

What are the rules and regulations surrounding obscure or privacy glass in the UK? Find out in our guide.

For as long as it's been manufactured, glass has served multiple functions.
It lets light into buildings. It keeps noise out. It keeps warmth in. And in the case of obscure glass – also known as "privacy glass" – it provides a visual barrier between inside and out.
Obscure glass is an umbrella term referring to any type of glass that obscures or distorts what you can see when you look through it.
This obscurity can be achieved in different ways. The glass can be coloured , frosted or sandblasted . These different methods provide different levels of obscurity measured on a scale from one to five – from a light blur to full-on opacity.
Obscure glass is often used to increase privacy, whether in a commercial or domestic property. It can also be used for aesthetic effect or to soften and diffuse light.
Yes, obscure glass is well worth exploring, whatever the setting or architectural project. Sometimes, however, there are planning permissions and building regulations to follow. In this article, we break down the relevant regulations here in the UK – and answer some frequently asked questions.

Planning permission surrounding obscure glass
In the case of domestic properties, you usually don't need planning permission for new or replacement windows – provided they match the character of the house.
However, things get a little more complicated with windows in upper-floor side elevations. This is where obscure glass comes in.
If you're installing or replacing a window in an upper-floor side elevation, it must:

Be obscure glazed AND
Be non-opening OR
Be installed more than 1.7 metres above the floor level

This applies to new windows, replacement windows, windows in listed buildings and windows in buildings in conservation areas.

Building regulations regarding obscure glass
Like any other kind of glass, obscure glass is subject to building regulations.
Above all, it must comply with safety standards. In some locations, this means your obscure glass must be toughened or laminated. Examples of this include lower-level windows or windows where impact is a special concern.

Toughened glass and laminated glass are two types of safety glass. When toughened glass breaks, it breaks into relatively harmless smithereens rather than harmful shards.
Laminated glass, meanwhile, consists of two sheets of glass and a plastic interlayer. It takes a huge amount of force to break laminated glass – and when it does finally break, it cracks but doesn't shatter, maintaining its structural stability.
Obscure glass is subject to energy regulations as well as safety regulations. This means it needs to meet current standards for insulation.
If a new window overlooks a neighbour's property, you may need to use obscure glass to protect their privacy.
Planning permission and building regulations are two separate things. Even if you don't need to seek planning permission to install obscure glass, you should still follow building regulations. Failure to do so could lead to a fine.

What are the different types of obscure glass?
There are three main types of obscure glass: frosted glass, coloured glass and sandblasted glass .
Frosted glass consists of a sheet of glass etched with acid to create a pitted surface. The glass can be annealed, toughened or laminated.
The finished product is translucent. Looking through a frosted window, you might see shadows or fuzzy shapes, but nothing definite. However, frosted glass still lets light through, making it a functional window as well as a privacy screen.
Sandblasted glass is made by firing sand or another type of fine-grained material at a pane of glass. This can be stencilled to create grainy patterns or covered entirely. As with frosted glass, sandblasted glass can be annealed, toughened or laminated depending on where it's to be installed and any safety considerations.
Finally, there's coloured glass, which could be seen as modern-day stained glass. Coloured glass is a kind of laminated glass with a coloured interlayer. This can be any colour under the sun .

What are the applications of obscure glass?

Obscure glass is nothing if not versatile. It can be used for privacy, decoration or both at once.
Perhaps the most common application is bathroom windows and shower doors. These provide privacy and, when toughened, safety. In commercial premises, obscure glass is used to add privacy to meeting rooms.
Another common application is for decorative glass panels on front doors. These let light in while keeping out prying eyes.
At the decorative end, obscure glass is used for office tables, glass partitions and even signage. You'll sometimes see it in high-end offices, banks and other business environments.
Other applications of obscure glass include wall partitions, mirrors, roof windows and skylights.

What's the difference between obscure glass and frosted glass?
Obscure glass is an umbrella term for any translucent glass designed to minimise visibility. So, while frosted glass is a type of obscure glass, not all obscure glass is frosted.

What's the difference between obscure glass and opaque glass?
Obscure glass exists to minimise visibility. Opaque glass, by contrast, is impossible to see through.

Can obscure glass be toughened?
Yes, obscure glass can be toughened. This is a manufacturing process that consists of heating glass to a high temperature, taking it out of the furnace and rapidly cooling it with blasts of air.
This sudden change in temperature affects the molecular composition of the glass. The result is a type of glass that's up to five times stronger than annealed glass and breaks into lots of small, harmless pieces.
Toughened obscure glass is especially useful for shower screens, combining safety and privacy in one solution.
Obscure glass can also be laminated. This makes it as hard to break as it is to see through.

Our obscure glass range
Here at ToughGlaze, we specialise in toughened glass – and we toughen obscure glass products for any application. We provide a range of clients with coloured glass (TG CI) and sandblasted glass (TG SB). Get in touch to find out more or request a free, competitive quote.

How glass screen printing works

Mon, 23 Jun 2025 13:14:00 GMT

What is glass screen printing and where is it used? Find out all about this versatile method in our guide.

For as long as people have been producing glass, artists and designers have seen its decorative potential.
The museums of the world are filled with ancient examples of painted glass, while cathedrals across Europe showcase Biblical scenes in stained glass.
Today, decorative glass is a world unto itself. And we should know: here at ToughGlaze, we offer a range of decorative glass products so wide it surprises even us.
Among these is glass screen printing . At its most basic, this is a kind of stencilling where ink is pushed through a mesh screen onto a pane of glass.
These days, machines are used to apply the ink. The glass is then placed in a furnace, where the ink is baked into the surface.
The result is an impressively durable, weather-resistant and beautiful design, whether you're printing a sign for an office or a custom splashback for your kitchen.
Want to know more? You've come to the right place. Before we dive into the manufacturing process, let's take a look at some of the many applications of glass screen printing.

What are some applications of glass screen printing?

Like many decorative glass products, glass screen printing is versatile. Stellar examples can be found in signage, decorative art and domestic features the world over.
In offices, banks and other commercial premises, glass screen printing is a great way to literally bake the business's branding into the doors, windows and partitions.
Out and about, you might see glass screen printing on a bus shelter, shopfront or display kiosk. The fact the ink is fused with the glass means it's highly weather-resistant – no amount of rain will make the design streak.
In the transportation and industrial sectors, glass screen printing is used for signage, while the automotive industry uses it to print designs on vehicle windows.

Wherever it's used, glass screen printing combines aesthetic appeal with high levels of durability. When used with toughened glass , it can also create glass for installation in locations where safety is paramount.

What machines are used for glass screen printing?

Several different kinds of machines are used for glass screen printing. The main two are automatic screen-printing machines and manual screen-printing units.
Automatic screen-printing machines are used for large-scale industrial production. They can quickly print a design onto a piece of glass in one go – and they can also print designs onto cylinders and other irregular shapes.
Finally, there are manual screen-printing units. These are typically used by artists and small-batch producers.
Here at ToughGlaze, we use a high-end glass screen-printing machine. This allows us to screen print glass at scale with no compromise on quality. The resulting glass product is astonishingly tough and able to withstand all weather conditions.

What inks are used for glass screen printing?

Different inks are used for different purposes. Glass screen printing tends to use two-part epoxy inks and frit inks. Some manufacturers, however, use UV-curable inks and solvent-based inks.
Epoxy inks are used for their durability and ease of application. Meanwhile, frit inks are known for their high resistance to temperature and abrasion.
Here at ToughGlaze, our TG SP solution uses special ceramic inks. These last as long as the glass itself – a sentence that applies even when the glass is installed outdoors.
Ceramic inks can withstand high levels of heat – and they can also be applied precisely. This makes them ideal for screen printing on glass.
Our process goes a little like this. We print your design onto glass using silkscreens. The glass is then passed through a heat dryer and heated to a high temperature in our state-of-the-art toughening plant.
Our TG SP products are beautiful, functional and extremely long-lasting. They're also versatile: we've provided screen-printed glass to all manner of clients – including Heathrow Airport. You can see our work throughout Terminal 2.
Like all our products, TG SP can be cut to meet your exact requirements.

How has glass screen printing changed over the years?

Like many aspects of glass manufacturing – and manufacturing in general – glass screen printing has changed dramatically over the years. This is primarily because of a general shift from manual processes to automation.
Once upon a time, designers would cut stencils by hand and create mesh screens out of coarse materials like organdie and cheesecloth. They would then use manual machines to press the ink into the glass or other material.
Over time, new processes were developed. Photo emulsions, synthetic meshes and automated equipment all combined to lead to faster production times, higher-quality prints and a wider range of applications.
A facility like ours is dramatically different from the glass-making workshops of the past. Yet despite these centuries-long changes, our priorities are pretty much the same. Glass products should be functional, beautiful and safe – and our screen-printed glass products are no exception.

What's the difference between glass digital printing and glass screen printing?

Screen printing uses stencils to build an image, layer by layer, onto glass. Digital glass printing , meanwhile, uses a large flatbed printer to print a multicoloured image onto a piece of glass in one pass.
At this point, you may be imagining a low-resolution photo slapped onto a glass pane. In fact, digital printing has advanced to the point where high-resolution photorealistic images can be used.
In another example of glass's versatility, a piece of glass can be simultaneously digitally printed and screen printed. This can be a good idea if you want a photo to be included in your design.
Want to explore the possibilities of ceramic screen printing on glass ? Whatever your project, we'd love to hear from you. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Heat soak testing explained

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 14:02:00 GMT

What is heat soak testing and why is it important in glass manufacturing? Get the answers in our guide.

Some things in life are negotiable – but the quality of building materials never is.
This applies to everything from bricks to plastic, from stone to steel. But it's especially apparent in the case of glass.
Manufactured and installed to a high standard, glass is durable, safe and long-lasting. Cut corners, however, and it could injure or even kill somebody.
We're not scaremongering. Most of the time, you can be satisfied with your glass products just by getting them from a reputable and accredited glass processor.
There are, however, some aspects of glass manufacturing that still give installers pause for thought. Take nickel sulfide inclusions – tiny impurities in toughened glass that can, in some cases, lead to spontaneous glass breakage.
We say "in some cases" because spontaneous glass breakage is far from common. It is, however, a reality. This is why many architects, designers and builders ask for toughened glass to undergo heat soak testing – an extra precautionary stage in the manufacturing process to ensure the glass is the best of the best.
In this article, we take a closer look at the heat soak testing process and why it matters. We hope it helps you when sourcing glass products for your building project.

What is heat soak testing?
When toughened glass is manufactured, nickel sulfide impurities can get baked into the finished product. Over time, these can expand. This could happen in days, months or years. Eventually, they can cause panes to fracture spontaneously.
Heat soak testing is a process that seeks to spot these flawed panes before they get anywhere near a building site. After the initial toughening process – where the glass is heated to a high temperature and then rapidly cooled – it's placed in a separate furnace. Here, it's heated at around 290°C (554°F) for four hours.
If a pane of toughened glass contains nickel sulfide inclusions, it will more than likely shatter in the furnace. This allows manufacturers to remove faulty products and replace them before shipment.

What are nickel sulfide inclusions?
Nickel sulfide inclusions are near-invisible particles of nickel sulfide that can expand inside toughened glass and cause it to break spontaneously.
They're an unwanted byproduct of the manufacturing process. While manufacturers use different methods to reduce or eliminate the threat, the most reliable method at the time of writing is heat soak testing.

Why is nickel present in the glass manufacturing process?
Contaminants are an unavoidable part of the glass manufacturing process, especially in large-scale production. In this respect, they're similar to roller-wave distortion and other imperfections in otherwise high-quality toughened glass products.
Sometimes, the stainless steel machinery used to make and handle toughened glass contaminates the glass with nickel shavings. These get baked into the glass and can eventually lead to spontaneous glass breakage.

Why is heat soak testing important?
The key reason why heat soak testing is important is, of course, safety. Toughened glass tends to be installed in "critical locations" – those parts of a building where people could be injured were the glass to break.
On top of this, heat soak testing can save you money in the long run. Even if no one gets hurt, you don't want to be spending money on repairs and throwing money away during downtime. By increasing the lifespan of toughened glass, you're making a prudent investment.
Heat soak testing is a preventative measure that allows manufacturers, designers and installers peace of mind. While it's not 100% reliable, it significantly minimises the chances of the glass spontaneously shattering.
The trouble with nickel sulfide inclusions, you see, is that you can rarely spot the problem simply by looking at the glass. Once it's shattered, the breakage pattern makes it obvious. But a pane of toughened glass with nickel sulfide inclusions usually looks much the same as one without.

What types of glass products is heat soak testing used for?
Heat soak testing can be used on toughened glass intended for any application. It's especially important, however, when the glass will be used for structural or architectural glazing. This includes skylights, load-bearing glass walls, balustrades, partitions and more.

What are the limitations of heat soak testing?
Heat soak testing is a good idea. It's not, however, a completely reliable method. Some panes of glass with nickel sulfide inclusions can still end up in buildings despite undergoing the process.
Another limitation of heat soak testing is that it's a destructive process. The only way to know if a piece of toughened glass contains nickel sulfide inclusions is by destroying it in a furnace.
Nickel sulfide inclusions can be spotted by other methods including ultrasonic testing and polarised light microscopy. In most cases, however, heat soak testing remains the most affordable and reliable method.

What else can cause spontaneous glass breakage?
Nickel sulfide inclusions aren't the only cause of spontaneous glass breakage. It can also be caused by nicked or chipped edges, thermal stresses and using glass that isn't thick enough to resist wind load.

The case of London City Hall
Between 2002 and 2021, London City Hall in Bermondsey was the headquarters of the Greater London Authority. Designed by renowned architect Norman Foster, it cost around £43 million to complete.
Like many recent additions to the London skyline, London City Hall split opinion. Some marvelled at its raised concentric walkways, while others compared it to Darth Vader's helmet.
Soon after its completion, London City Hall experienced problems. Several floor-to-ceiling glass partitions spontaneously broke – and it was agreed that the cause was nickel sulfide inclusions.
While these problems at London City Hall were unusual, they could happen again. If your project involves installing toughened glass in critical locations, heat soak testing is your best bet.
Here at ToughGlaze, we put the quality of our products first. Whatever kind of toughened or laminated glass you need for your project, we can heat soak test it here at our state-of-the-art facilities. Learn more about our heat-soaked glass or get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

A guide to safety markings (manifestations) on glass doors

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 07:02:00 GMT

What are the UK requirements for safety glass markings (manifestations)? Learn how to stay compliant.

As well as helping you make the most of light in a space, glass doors can also make a striking architectural statement. From sweeping entrances to minimalist interiors, glass doors offer a clean, modern aesthetic. But if left unmarked or non-compliant, they can also present serious risks.
At ToughGlaze, we don't just make glass. We engineer safety. As a leading UK supplier of toughened and laminated safety glass, we work with contractors, architects and developers to ensure every pane installed is as safe as it is aesthetically pleasing.
In this guide, we break down everything you need to know about safety markings (manifestations) on glass doors. You'll learn when they're required, how to apply them correctly and what kind of glass you need to keep things compliant.

Why glass safety markings matter

Glass doors are beautifully subtle – and therein lies the problem. People often don't realise they're right in front of their eyes until it's too late. Every year, accidents caused by unmarked glass panels result in serious injuries and even lawsuits. That's why UK regulations require manifestations (safety markings) to be applied to all large areas of transparent glazing in public and work environments.
These markings act as a visual cue that prevents people from walking into glass doors or panels. They help protect people and your reputation. That's why you should never treat glass safety markings as a tick-box requirement.

UK requirements for safety glass markings: what the law says

In the UK, safety markings for glazing fall under Approved Document K of the Building Regulations (Protection from falling, collision and impact).
We'll cover the broad strokes below. However, it's important to note that nothing in this article should be construed as legal advice. We're here to point you in the right direction – but you should always seek independent advice if you're unsure of where you stand.

Where?

Safety markings must be applied to certain glass doors and adjacent glazed panels in public buildings. This applies to panels and doors that people may come into contact with while moving in or around the space.

The definition of "public buildings" can include workplaces, schools, hospitals, transport hubs and other non-domestic spaces. Basically, anywhere the public or staff might reasonably walk.

What height?

Safety markings must appear at two specific levels from the finished floor level:

Between 850mm and 1000mm
Between 1,400mm and 1,600mm

What should they look like?

Logos, signs, continuous bands and broken lines are all acceptable. That's provided they contrast clearly with the background, are visible in all lighting conditions and can be seen from both sides of the glazing. However:

Logos and signs must be at least 150mm tall (and repeated if on a glazed screen).
Decorative broken lines or continuous bands must be at least 50mm tall.

Features like handles, rails or mullions (vertical structures that divide adjacent units of glass or panels) can sometimes stand in for manifestations. However, it's usually best to err on the side of caution. You may still be legally required to add safety markings – especially if those elements are not sufficiently visible at both height levels.

What is safety glass?

Safety markings are just the start. The actual glass in your doors must also meet safety glass standards, especially in so-called "critical locations". These include:

Glazing in doors: any glazing wholly or partially within 1,500mm from the floor level.
Glazing adjacent to doors: glazing within 300mm horizontally from the edge of a door and also within 1,500mm from the floor level.
Low-level glazing: any glazing wholly or partially within 800mm from the floor level, not covered by the above categories.

In these areas, only two types of glass are accepted under UK regulations.

1. Toughened glass (BS EN 12150)

Also called tempered glass, toughened glass is much stronger and robust than standard float glass. If it breaks, it shatters into small, blunt pieces that significantly reduce the risk of injury.
The British Standard BS EN 12150 specifies the requirements for thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass.

Our toughened glass, TG TOUGHENED, is produced in our state-of-the-art facilities and is certified with the BSI Kitemark. This shows you it's tested to rigorous safety and performance standards.

2. Laminated glass (BS EN 14449)

Laminated glass is made from two or more layers of glass with a plastic interlayer (usually PVB). If broken, the fragments stick to the interlayer, maintaining a physical barrier and reducing the risk of injury.
The British Standard BS EN 14449 covers the evaluation of conformity and product standards for laminated glass.We recommend laminated glass for applications that also demand sound insulation, UV control or enhanced security.

What does Kitemark certification mean?

The Kitemark is the gold standard of safety certification in the UK. Issued by the British Standards Institution (BSI), it lets architects, developers and regulators know that the product has been independently tested and meets all required safety standards.
At ToughGlaze, every safety glass product we manufacture – be it toughened or laminated – is fully Kitemark-certified. We're not in the business of taking shortcuts. The Kitemark logo is etched into our glass because we're proud of what we produce.

Common mistakes to avoid with safety glass markings

We often hear about issues that could have been avoided with the right information upfront. Here are some of the most common compliance mistakes we see:

Only marking the middle of the glass: you need markings at two height levels.
Using low-contrast designs: they might look sleek, but they don't meet visibility requirements.
Skipping markings for internal doors: if it's part of a main walkway or public space, the rule still applies.
Assuming any toughened glass is compliant: unless it's certified and marked correctly, it may not meet BS standards.

Avoid these mistakes by working with a trusted supplier who understands the regulations inside and out (we know a good one…)
Need safety glass that makes a statement and meets legal requirements? We've got you covered. Let us help you choose the right safety glass and keep your staff and the public safe. Contact us today to talk about your next project or request a free quote.

What glass thickness is best for soundproofing?

Mon, 09 Jun 2025 11:54:00 GMT

In soundproofing, glass thickness is all-important. Get to grips with the complex world of acoustic glass.

As we go through life, we're constantly controlling the noise around us. Trying to focus on a work call while the kids play in the next room? Shut the door. Don't want to hear someone's existential crisis on the bus? Pop those headphones in.
Soundproofing is an extension of this everyday activity. It helps minimise the noise coming in – and out – of domestic and commercial premises. Whether you're in an office next to a busy road or in a home under a flight path, soundproofing can protect your sanity as well as your eardrums.
There are many sides to soundproofing. Furnishings, carpets and insulation all play their part. Here at ToughGlaze, we specialise in acoustic glass – a dedicated glass product designed to dampen those unwanted decibels.
The thing is that not any old glass will do. Yes, double and triple glazing will keep out sound. But for maximum effect, you need thick, long-lasting acoustic glass – and it needs to be installed in a suitable framing system.
But before we sing the praises of acoustic glass in general – and our TG AG product in particular – let's get our facts straight. How and why does glazing help reduce the sound coming in?

How glazing can help

All windows reduce noise to a degree. But the thicker the glass, the better. This is a key priority when replacing a window or getting secondary glazing installed.

Domestic windows usually have a thickness of between 4mm and 6mm. For extra thickness, you can use laminated glass .

This is a type of safety glass made out of two panes of glass with a plastic interlayer. These layers combine to block out plenty of unwanted sound.

Specialised acoustic glass is laminated with extra-thick panes. This gives you the safety benefits of laminated glass alongside a significant reduction in noise pollution.

Before we look closer at the science of glass thickness, a word on terminology. You'll sometimes come across glass products marketed as "soundproof". This is a misnomer. No glass will block out all noise. More accurate product labels are "noise-reducing" or "acoustic".

Why is the thickness of glass so important?

Imagine you're soundproofing your music room with blankets. The thicker the better, right? The same goes for glass.

The air gap between the panes is a factor, too. The larger the gap, the better the noise insulation – even better if the gap is filled with an inert gas like krypton.

So far, so simple. But did you know that different thicknesses of glass reduce noise at different frequencies? This means a double-glazed unit or laminated unit with glass panes of different thicknesses – one of 4mm, one of 6mm, say – will reduce noise at more frequencies than two panes of the same size.

Thicker glass dampens more sounds. But every pane of glass also has a critical frequency. This is the frequency or range of frequencies that causes it to vibrate. The thicker the glass, the lower the frequency.

This reveals something rather surprising about glass. The thicker the glass, the greater the sound reduction. But thicker glass may actually transmit more sound at its critical frequency.

Look at it this way: if you put together two panes of the same thickness, they would vibrate at the same frequency. This would reduce the unit's overall performance. In what might seem to be a paradox, a 6-12-4mm glass unit will absorb more frequencies than a 6-12-6mm glass unit, even though the former is lighter and thinner overall.

This is why it's important to get acoustic glass with panes of different thicknesses – if, that is, you want the best noise-reducing glass there is.

Why get acoustic laminated glass?

There's one compelling reason why you should get acoustic laminated glass: it does the job better than other kinds of glass.

This is because it uses panes of differing thicknesses that, combined, can be anywhere between 9.5mm to 60mm thick. Compare that to the residential standard of 4mm to 6mm and you can see how acoustic laminated glass comes into its own.

One thing to bear in mind is that acoustic laminated glass needs a suitable framing system. Without this, it won't fulfil its noise-reducing potential.

This frame has to be designed to hold thicker glass in place. Your common-or-garden window frame just isn't going to cut it. What's more, it has to hold the glass in place as tightly as possible. Wiggle room means vibrations – and vibrations mean more noise rather than less.

This frame, in fact, is one of four ways that acoustic laminated glass absorbs sound and reduces noise. Let's go through them one by one.

How acoustic laminated glass absorbs sound and reduces noise

First, the outer panes of acoustic laminated glass act as a barrier for sound. The sound waves effectively bounce off the glass, redirecting them from the inside of your building. And because this is acoustic glass – not just any old glass – it's thick enough to bat away more sound than most.

Secondly, the PVB interlayer between the two panes serves a double function. It bonds the panes together while also reducing noise by as much as 50%.

Thirdly, there's an air gap between the panes, sometimes filled with an inert gas. This acts as another barrier for sound waves. If the inert gas is present, the sound waves struggle to get through an air gap denser than air itself.

Fourthly and finally, the frame or sealed unit absorbs even more sound. This is the cherry on the cake, making acoustic laminated glass unbeatable when it comes to noise reduction.

At ToughGlaze, we offer TG AG – a dedicated acoustic laminated glass product designed to keep as much noise out as possible.

It's high-quality, accredited, made-to-measure glass that's good for the environment, your energy bills and your hearing. So, if you're in the market for some best-in-class soundproofing glass , don't hesitate to get in touch . We'd love to hear from you.

How to clean mirrors without glass cleaner

Fri, 06 Jun 2025 13:05:00 GMT

Want to clean a mirror without a commercial glass cleaner? Explore your options in our how-to guide.

For every one person who enjoys cleaning, there are thousands who find it a chore. And while some chores have ease on their side – hoovering, say, or dusting down a bookshelf – others are readily put off.
This is often the case with mirrors. Despite their apparently endless capacity to get covered in gunk and grime, many of us find it all too easy to leave the job for later.
Look: we're not judging. But sooner or later, you're going to have to wipe down that mirror. And when you do, you may find yourself reluctant to use off-the-shelf commercial glass cleaners.
Commercial glass cleaners do the job. But there are several compelling reasons to use a more DIY method.
Some people find commercial cleaners irritate their eyes, skin or even breathing. Others baulk at the expense. And no matter how effective they are, an increasing number of people want to avoid chucking another plastic bottle in the landfill.
Luckily, alternatives are at hand. But first, what should you use to wipe your mirrors with?

What should you use to wipe a mirror?

No matter what cleaning solution you use, it's important to wipe your mirror with something that won't leave streaks, stains or marks.

For a long time, people used newspaper – and while it's far from a bad idea, it can leave marks on your mirror.

Your best bet is to invest in a microfibre cloth. This collects dirt, grease and other nasties without leaving marks or lint on your mirror. Even better, it can be washed and reused.

Two ways to clean a mirror without glass cleaner

1. White vinegar

Is there anything white vinegar can't do? People use it to clean pots and pans, kitchen and bathroom surfaces, household appliances, laundry and even their hair.

It's also an eco-friendly alternative to commercial mirror glass cleaners. Simply mix equal parts white vinegar and warm water, then pour it into a spray bottle and shake until mixed.

Spray the vinegar solution onto your mirror and wipe it from top to bottom with your trusty microfibre cloth. Alternatively, you can spray the solution directly onto the cloth.

As anyone who's walked into a chip shop will know, vinegar has quite the aroma – so make sure you ventilate the room with an open door or window.

Once you've wiped off the solution, dry the mirror thoroughly with a microfibre cloth. You could also use newspaper – but if you do, make sure the ink has dried completely.

It's important to remember that mirrors can be cleaned with white vinegar – not apple cider vinegar or any other variety. Also worth noting is that the vinegar solution can damage wood, so be careful when cleaning a mirror with a wooden frame.

2. Isopropyl alcohol and ammonia

Isopropyl alcohol – also known as "isopropanol", "surgical spirit" or (in the US) "rubbing alcohol" – is a colourless and flammable liquid used as an antiseptic and cleaning substance.

Mixed with ammonia and washing-up liquid, isopropyl alcohol can be a valiant soldier in the war against dirty mirrors.

Mix one part ammonia with two parts isopropyl alcohol and add a few drops of washing-up liquid. Stir to combine, then add warm water. The solution will also work if you leave out the isopropyl alcohol or washing up liquid – it just won't be quite as effective.

Pour the mixture into a spray bottle and follow the instructions for method one. The key difference is that this second solution is both flammable and an irritant. For this reason, you should always wear rubber gloves and goggles.

Removing tough stains

Does your mirror have a stubborn stain? There are a few ways to remove it without reaching for commercial glass cleaner.

You can dab the stain with isopropyl alcohol or nail polish remover before wiping it off with a microfibre cloth.

Residues can be scraped off with a razor. Simply dampen the area with one of the liquids already mentioned and start scraping. Take care not to scratch the mirror. Dry the spot when you're done.

You can also use a paste made from equal parts bicarbonate of soda ("baking soda" in the US) and white vinegar or warm water. Mix them in a bowl until you get a paste with the consistency of toothpaste. Apply it to the stain, let it sit for a couple of minutes and then wipe it off with a microfibre cloth.

As with the vinegar method we've already discussed, be sure to use white vinegar and not another variety.

Other considerations

1. Clean the frame before the glass

No amount of wiping will make a mirror look clean if the frame is still on the grubby side. But you should always clean the frame before the mirror glass. If you don't, you may end up having to clean the glass again.

2. Little and often wins the day

The more regularly you clean mirrors, the easier the job will be. For most people, a quick spray and wipe once a week is preferable to a frantic scrub once in a blue moon.

3. Stopping the mirror from steaming up

Do you find your bathroom mirror steams up after a shower and you have to wait before shaving or applying makeup? There are a couple of ways you can stop this happening – at least for a week or two.

First, you can buff a drop of neat washing up liquid into the mirror with a kitchen towel. Alternatively, you can apply shaving cream and then wipe it off with a microfibre cloth.

TG REFLECT by ToughGlaze

Are you looking for made-to-measure mirror glass for a domestic or commercial project? Say hello to TG REFLECT by ToughGlaze.

TG REFLECT ticks all the boxes for high-quality mirrored glass:

It's robust and elegant

It's custom-made to suit any specification

It's available in low-iron, tinted and silvered options

It can be decorated with sandblasted or digitally printed designs

It can be made with toughened glass that meets BS EN 12150 standards

And best of all, it can be cut to almost any size or shape – right here in our state-of-the-art Bedford facility. Want a quick quote? Don't hesitate to get in touch online or call (0208) 838 4400.

Stained glass in modern architecture: a medieval mainstay reborn

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 06:34:00 GMT

Discover the lasting appeal of stained glass and learn how to achieve similar effects in modern buildings.

Some say stained glass is making a comeback in modern architecture – but did it ever really leave ?
Across the world and throughout the centuries, architects have harnessed the power of coloured glass to tell compelling stories and elevate spaces from impressive to ethereal. It brings reverence to places of worship, majesty to royal palaces, and harmony between the natural world and the designed.
Today, stained glass is utilised for the same purposes, employing mostly the same techniques that have been in use since as early as 2750 BC.
In the Middle Ages, illiterate believers learned religious teachings through the pictures. Later, Gothic artists would balance dark lead fixings with brightly coloured fragments to create bold and emotive artworks – many of which are still standing.
Places like the Sagrada Familia cathedral in Barcelona show us how easily stained glass can flex through the different intentions of the designer.
Through the symbolic rose window, Joan Vila Grau captures the very essence of the Resurrection, showing how life and light vanquish death and darkness through the careful arrangement of colours. In the inner hall, vast stone pillars, enrobed by stained glass windows, evoke real trees, dappled with sunlight at different times of the day. All this helps achieve Gaudi's dream that the church resemble a forest.
It's easy to see why the curious, almost whimsical appeal of stained glass is charming the contemporary designer again.

What exactly is stained glass?

The term can refer to both the product and the artworks created from it.

There are actually three methods entwined under the name: pot metal glass, flashed glass and embellished glass. Each technique results in sheet glass fragments, which are then arranged and joined with strips of lead (called "cames"). The results can range from stunning windows to smaller functional items such as cups and vases.

The method that should be used depends on what the glass is used for. Many creations will use more than one.

How is traditional stained glass made?

Typical glass-making requires ash and silica (sand, essentially), which are heated together at high temperatures.

To make stained glass, metallic oxides are added to the raw glass materials in a crucible (or "pot") to embellish the "white" glass with colour. The result of this staining technique is a sheet with even colouring throughout, known as "pot metal glass".

It's a highly effective method which has remained mostly unchanged throughout the centuries – but it does have some limitations.

To be robust, most windows have to be a minimum of 3mm thick. At this thickness, the colour red requires such a high concentration to penetrate the glass that the result transmits very little light. Against the other brightly coloured sections, the red shards would appear excessively dark – almost black. That's not ideal when it comes to beautiful feats of artistry in palaces and religious buildings.

And so, laminating colours over the regular glass became the solution. Clear or lightly tinted glass is dipped into molten red glass and then blown into a sheet. This is known as "flashed glass" because it tends to result in a more streaky colouring, often resembling brush strokes.

While developed as a solution for red stained glass, the double-layering also lends itself to refinement techniques, such as engraving and abrasion. With these techniques, the top layer is scratched or scuffed to reveal the colour beneath.

The final technique involved in making stained glass is simply painting on top of the glass – sometimes firing it again to set the results. This method is used both instead of and alongside the other processes of ingraining colour into the glass.

Generally, artists would paint on the glass to simply enhance or refine the features from the staining. However, several full-blown (pun intended) movements have developed from the practice of painting glass. These include silver staining and Grisaille art.

Silver staining

Silver staining was a popular painting technique in the Middle Ages, used to create better yellow tones. The method uses silver compounds (notably silver nitrate) to produce yellows, oranges and browns – or green – on blue-base glass.

Silver staining is often used in conjunction with other colouring methods. It works particularly well in contrast to black linear painting (or "Grisaille").

Grisaille art

Grisaille ("greyed" in French) is a fully developed method of painting on stained glass. It typically uses black or very dark colours to create an image on top of the glass.

The original glass paint consisted of powdered glass, plus rust or iron for the darker colouring and some clay or oil. It also included water or vinegar (for malleability) paired with a binding agent, such as gum arabic.

This mixture was applied to stained glass with a brush and then fired to remove impurities. Today, it is also known as "vitreous paint" or simply "Grisaille paint".

Stained glass techniques in modern architecture

One of the perks of stained glass is that it easily scales down. While grand church windows and beautiful domed ceilings are gorgeous feats of architecture, there's nothing stopping the average homeowner from bringing a little slice of that magic to the front door.

Scaling up is a little trickier. While many architects would love to include grand stained glass feature windows in their projects, doing so is rarely practical. Traditional stained glass can come with a hefty price tag and heavy maintenance requirements.

Luckily, there are a number of modern coloured glass solutions that are simpler but just as effective.

For instance, here at ToughGlaze, we manufacture coloured glass panels using laminated glass with tinted interlayers. Known as TG CI, this solution harnesses Vanceva's palette of 13 basic colours. These can be combined in up to four layers to produce around 3,000 custom colours.

TG CI can be cut to any shape or size and offers tremendous aesthetic flexibility, with options for translucent, transparent and opaque coverage. With our solution, it's never been easier to realise your creative vision. And with Vanceva's highly resistant pigments, colours will remain vibrant for years after installation – even under direct sunlight.

Want to harness stained glass effects in your next project – without the hassles and maintenance costs that come with traditional techniques? Learn more about TG CI today – or get in touch with our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

Toughened glass: radius vs dubbed corners

Fri, 30 May 2025 08:10:00 GMT

Toughened glass corners can be finished with a radius or dubbed corner. Discover the differences today.

To the untrained eye, one piece of toughened glass looks much like another.
Of course, some glass products have defining visual features: coloured glass, for instance, or glass with a textured interlayer. But often, a piece of glass is, well, a piece of glass.
To the trained eye, however, there are small but significant differences between glass products. In the world of glass manufacturing, the devil is in the details. Quality isn't immediately obvious – but it's there all right, manifested in a thousand details.
One example of this is the way the corners are finished. Toughened glass – our speciality – can be finished with either radius or dubbed corners.
Both of these methods soften the 90-degree corners of a piece of toughened glass. In both cases, this makes them safer to handle and arguably better to look at.
But they're used for different thicknesses of glass (a key consideration in building regulations) and have subtly different appearances.
So, what are those differences? Let's find out.

What are the differences between radius and dubbed corners?
Dubbed corners have a sanded-down look. Radius corners, by contrast, have a rounded edge. This makes radius corners a preferred choice for table tops and other pieces of furniture that could be touched by children or vulnerable adults.
Dubbed corners can be added to glass of any thickness. Radius corners, however, can only be applied to glass with a thickness of six millimetres or over.

They're also manufactured in different ways. Dubbing is a manual process where a dubbing pad is used to sand down the corner. Radius corners are made by cutting the corners along a circular arc. This can be done with specific tools or CNC machines.

What other kinds of glass corners are there?
Radius and dubbed corners are just two kinds of corners found on safety glass products.
Pencil polish edgework – also known as "diamond edge", "crown edge", "semi-round edge" and "half-moon edge" – is a type of glass corner that has the rounded edges of a pencil eraser. It's used for shelves, tabletops, car windows and more.
Bevelled corners are angled or "chamfered". This makes the corners slope rather than cut off abruptly. Like radius and dubbed corners, they're used to soften edges and to make glass products more aesthetically appealing.
We discuss other kinds of edgework (which has an impact on glass corners) in our glass edgework guide .

Which type of corner should I choose for my project?
The choice between radius, dubbed and other kinds of glass corners depends entirely on the project in question. If in doubt, your best bet is to consult a glass processor . They'll be able to talk you through your options and make recommendations.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened glass panels ? Want the corners to be smoothed or customised in a different way? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How big can glass get?

Mon, 26 May 2025 07:56:00 GMT

The world is full of remarkable – and remarkably big – glass structures. Discover 5 record-breakers.

The world is full of glass. It's a material used for everything from champagne flutes to smartphone screens, from glass houses to glass bridges.
Nothing new there, of course. The glass industry is an ancient one. But over the centuries, advances in glass manufacturing have made astonishing feats of engineering possible.
This is nowhere more clearly seen (pun intended) than in the world of structural glazing. Sure, glass doors and glass structures have been around for a while – but the scale and scope of these installations continue to grow.
Take a walk through the centre of any major city, and you'll see what we mean. Glass skyscrapers touch the sky while office buildings, galleries and other buildings spread out horizontally.
These days, glass projects can be big. And we're not just talking about structures built from lots of overlapping or joining pieces of glass. We're also talking about continuous pieces of glass that quite simply boggle the mind.
In this article, we're celebrating the glass giants of the world – five record-breaking products that show just what glass can do. Who knows what record will be broken next?

1. The world's tallest stained glass window
Dubai is a place where records are broken. Among other achievements, it's home to the world's tallest building (the Burj Kalifa), its largest shopping centre and its tallest observation wheel.
What's less known is that Dubai used to be home to the tallest stained glass window, too – a 135-feet-high, 29½-feet-wide backlit glass mural in the atrium of the Ramada Hotel. There, it dazzled visitors until the hotel was demolished in 2017.
Designed by John Lawson, the Chief Artist at British firm Goddard and Gibbs, the stained glass window "depicts a floral pattern with birds unobtrusively in the background". The glass was set with "rare granites, quartz and crushed coloured stones".
The hotel is gone, but the window was dismantled and put into storage – a task that owner Abdullah Essoni described as "an agonisingly complex and technical task".
"I'm just glad," he said, "we're going to preserve it, and I'm sure it will be reinstated in all its glory". We'll raise a toast to that!

2. The world's largest louvred glass wall
Chances are you've come across louvres before. Also known as jalousies, they're a kind of slatted window that can be tilted open and shut to regulate the amount of air and sunlight getting through.
A louvred glass window or louvred glass wall does the same thing, but the slats are made out of glass. They can be controlled either by a cord or by remote control.
The biggest in the world was constructed by Shandong Dixini Hollow Louver Glass Co. in Shanghai, China, in late 2023. It's a whopping 17 square metres and is operated electronically.

3. The world's largest glass print
Located in central Stockholm, Sweden and opened in 2010, Kungsbrohuset is a 150-metre-long 13-floor office building.
It's home to the largest glass print in the world. This impressive installation depicts a forest and a meadow, both inspired by Stockholm's Smedsmora nature reserve. The print has a total size of 4.92 metres by 42.24 metres.
These two images are hugely complex. Each one consists of nearly 100 glass pieces. They were designed by Peter Ahlen and Lutt Jeorell of the Swedish firm Art on Glass.
Kungsbrohuset uses glass in another remarkable way. Its outer walls are entirely made of glass. These cover an inner wall that's 60% glass. This is a much more sustainable design than traditional steel and glass, described as "an unbelievably efficient system, featuring what is, in effect, quintuple glazing".
But the building's eco credentials don't end there. It's partly heated with waste heat from Stockholm Central Station and cooled with water from the Klara Sjö canal.

4. The world's largest glass window
Since 1996, the Chinese company Taikang has provided insurance, asset management and health and elderly care. Its stature is reflected in two huge skyscrapers: one on the Wuhan skyline and one in Beijing.

The Beijing HQ – also known as "Beijing Yintai Center, Tower 2" – is 223.4 metres tall and boasts the largest glass window in the world.
Completed in 2021, it's 16.548 metres high and 3.074 metres wide. It consists of four layers of glass, coming to a thickness of 2⅗ inches and a total weight of 7,000 kilogrammes. That's about the same as 10 adult rhinos.

5. The world's largest singular glass facade
Nantong, a city in the Jiangsu province of China, is home to some seven million people – and to the largest singular glass facade in the world.
Glass facades are a common sight in financial districts. Supported by metal or concrete, the facade encloses and protects the building from the elements while letting natural light in. They're celebrated for their aesthetic appeal as well as their insulating and soundproofing qualities.
The facade at Nontang is something else. Manufactured by Haojing Glass Haimen Base and installed in their office building, it's a single piece of coated toughened laminated glass that measures 19.962 metres long and 3.29 metres wide.

What we offer
Here at ToughGlaze, we cut, fire and treat a huge range of toughened and laminated glass products, right here in our state-of-the-art facility.
Versatility is our watchword. We can supply you with glass that's cut to size, coloured , textured and screen-printed . Our glass products can be soundproofed and made resistant to fire , bullets , bombs and bandits . We can even fix you up with smart glass .
But versatility isn't the only string to our bow. We also have the skills and equipment to create large pieces of glass – larger than many of our competitors. Whatever the scope of your structural glazing project, we can help.
So, if you're looking for high-quality, custom-cut toughened glass or laminated glass , don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze . We'd love to fix you up with the right materials for the job.

ToughGlaze at FIT Show 2025

Mon, 19 May 2025 09:09:00 GMT

We're back from FIT Show 2025 and bursting to tell you all about it! Find out what we did and what we learnt.

They say no man is an island – and the same goes for glass fabricators. Here at ToughGlaze, we're proud to be part of a vibrant ecosystem of processors, glaziers and suppliers.
Don't get us wrong. We love to hone our craft and work with our clients here at our facilities in Bedford. But it's always a pleasure to get out and about and meet with customers and our industry peers.
So we were, of course, delighted to get involved in this year's FIT Show at Birmingham's NEC.
FIT Show is a trade show for the window, door, flat glass, hardware and roofing industries. This year, it ran from Tuesday 29 April to Thursday 1 May.
It is, in its own words, "the cornerstone for the fenestration industry, connecting the right people with the right products". It is, in the words of the song, "An invitation across the nation / A chance for folks to meet." A fenestration congregation. A place to be.
We were proud to take our place in the four halls of FIT Show at the NEC – one of hundreds of exhibitors sharing ideas, plying their wares and making connections.
And we were thrilled, too, to be sharing a stall with Morley Glass . Morley is one of the UK's premier integral blind companies and its number one manufacturer of "ScreenLine" blinds.
ScreenLine blinds have the kind of ingenuity we're always chasing here at ToughGlaze. They combine the functionality and flair of traditional Venetian and pleated blinds with cutting-edge double- and triple-glazing technology. The result is an instant classic that combines the conventional and the contemporary.

What did we learn at FIT Show?
First of all, we were reminded that the fenestration industry is all about collaboration.
They say that no one knows how to make a pencil. In other words, a simple HB pencil in a stationery shop is the product of many separate yet interconnected processes.
The same is true of glass products. Many of the industry's most innovative products are only possible because of processors like us who can produce and supply high-quality glass. Meanwhile, our product range can inspire manufacturers to make new innovations in glazing and glass-based products.
It was heartening, too, to see so much talent in one building at a time when our industry – like so many industries – is feeling the economic pinch. No matter the economic weather, people are designing, manufacturing and thinking outside the glass box.
So, to everyone who came along and spoke to us at FIT Show 2025 – we thank you. We're proud to be part of such a diverse and dynamic community, and we look forward to meeting you again in years to come.
In the meantime, here are some pics from the event. We scrub up pretty well, wouldn't you say?

Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze has become one of the UK's most trusted commercial glass specialists . For more industry news and analysis, follow our blog .

Framing fabric under glass: ideas and considerations

Fri, 16 May 2025 08:46:00 GMT

Want to frame fabric under glass? There are a few ways to go about it. Get the facts in our guide.

In some places, such as museums and galleries, fabric is framed under glass to increase its lifespan. Not only that, but a good frame can also focus attention on the piece of art or historical artefact.
But fabric isn't only framed under glass in cultural institutions. It can also be framed to create pieces of art to be hung in homes, offices or public spaces.
Then there's fabric laminated between sheets of glass. This can be used to create art pieces or to make textured glass installations such as partitions, doors, windows and even balustrades.
It's a versatile way of presenting fabric and combining the strength of glass with its delicate textures. So, how is it done?
It all depends on the effect you're going for. The methods used for DIY art pieces, for instance, are different from those used in the British Museum or other cultural institutions.
In this article, we take a look at some of the most common methods. First off, how do you frame fabric under glass at home?

Framing fabric under glass at home
To frame a piece of fabric at home, you need to assemble your materials.
First, you need a box frame. This will ensure there's no direct contact between the fabric and glass. If these two materials get too close, moisture or even mildew can build up.
You can buy box frames off the shelf or get them customised. This will depend on the size of the fabric and how much space you want around it.
The fabric can be mounted onto a mat board like the ones used for prints. It can be stretched over a board before being mounted in the frame. Or it can be separated from the glass with Plexiglass spacers.
The materials you use for backing and mounting need to be acid-free. If they're not, you could risk damaging the fabric.
There are different ways to mount the fabric, too. The one you choose will depend on the robustness of the fabric.

Old or delicate fabrics can be hand-stitched. More robust fabrics, meanwhile, can be mounted with pins.
Your main aesthetic choices relate to the frame and the amount of space around the fabric. However, you can use matting or spacers to make it look like the fabric is floating in the frame. You can also explore back-lighting and border lighting.

Framing fabric in museums
The job of a museum is to conserve as well as present – and this dual function is reflected in the methods museums use to frame fabric under glass.
First of all, the fabric needs to be handled with care to ensure it's not damaged during the process. Once in the frame, it needs to be protected from light and moisture.
As with framing fabric under glass at home, museums will choose their methods depending on the type and condition of the fabric.
The fabric will be mounted on a fabric-covered mat-board or stretcher. Fabrics can be stitched, pinned or pressure-mounted, depending on the strength of the fabric.
Fabric on display is typically mounted in box frames. This lets the fabric "breathe" and stops it from touching the glass cover directly.
Another consideration is the type of glass used to cover the fabric. Museums often use UV-protective glass to block out harmful UV rays, which can damage the fabric over time.

Framing fabric under glass in galleries
In galleries, fabric is often framed under glass in a similar way to museums. There are, however, some differences.
A fabric piece of art will typically be stretched tautly over a wooden frame and then stapled or adhered in place.
As in museums, conservation techniques are used to protect the materials. These include acid-free mounting and backing materials and UV-protective art glass.
Box frames can be used, but galleries often use special gallery frames. These give the appearance of a frame within a frame.

The finished product is often lit with LEDs. These are low in UV rays, protecting the fabric from light damage.
Sometimes, especially old or delicate fabrics are moved around the gallery to increase their longevity and stop them from fading.

What is UV-protective glass?
UV-protective glass is a type of glass specially manufactured to block out ultraviolet (UV) rays. These rays can damage artworks, photos, fabrics and other materials.
Also known as "conservation glass" or "museum glass", UV-protective glass has a coating that absorbs or reflects UV light. This helps increase the lifespan of the materials framed under glass.

Fabric laminated glass
All the methods we've mentioned so far are used to conserve the fabric as well as protect it. With these methods, the fabric can be retrieved when desired. But what if you want to create a permanent piece of framed fabric?
This is where fabric laminated glass comes in.
Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that works a bit like a sandwich. Two outer layers of glass cover an interlayer. This can be made out of plastic or, in the case of our fire-resistant glass , a special kind of gel.
There the comparison with a sandwich ends. The interlayer is bonded to the outer layers, creating a glass product that's highly robust and hard to break.
Laminated glass is primarily a safety product. But the interlayer can be decorative, too. It can have a metallic mesh effect or a colour – or it can be made of fabric.
At ToughGlaze, we offer TG FI , a strong, versatile and beautiful fabric laminated glass product. It can be used in many residential and commercial applications, backlit or edge-lit, made with different kinds of glass and even installed outside. And like all our products, it's manufactured to meet British industry standards.
So, if you're looking for high-quality fabric laminate , don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote. We can offer a rich catalogue of fabric options or create a bespoke design for your project.

Your guide to glass door hardware

Mon, 12 May 2025 07:30:00 GMT

Are you looking for hardware for a glass door? Explore your options in our jargon-free buyer's guide.

Some things never change. The sun shines, the grass grows – and glass doors are a marker of style and affluence.
Like any aspect of interior design, of course, glass doors can convey different moods and aesthetics. The door to a private detective's office in a classic film noir has a very different vibe to a door in a 21st-century financial quarter.
But despite these differences, they all speak of style, minimalism and a touch of splendour. They separate the outside world from a rarefied world within, letting in huge draughts of natural light in the process.
Part of their style is due to door hardware. Sometimes known as "door furniture", this refers to the family of objects that can be attached to a door to make it more functional, beautiful or both.
At ToughGlaze, we love the sheer level of detail and creativity that glass can offer – and glass doors are no exception. Handles, locks, hinges and fasteners can all add personality as well as functionality.
So, without further ado, here's a whistle-stop tour of glass door hardware. We hope it helps you get the right hardware for your project.

What is door hardware?
"Door hardware" (or "door furniture") refers to any component mounted on a door that's used to open, close or lock it. This includes handles, knobs, locks, hinges and other accessories. These components are primarily functional but can also increase the aesthetic appeal of a door.
Like any other kind of door, glass doors can be fitted with hardware to increase functionality and aesthetics. Most of these components overlap with other kinds of doors.

Glass door hinges
Glass door hinges are often made of stainless steel. Some, however, are made from brass, steel or aluminium. Hinges can mount glass doors to the wall or to another piece of glass, as in a shower enclosure.
Part of the appeal of glass doors is their seamless, minimalist look. For this reason, many people choose small, discreet hinges.

Glass door handles
Glass doors can have the same handles as other kinds of doors. The three main types are levers, pull handles and door knobs. You can also buy panic bars and flush pull handles for sliding glass doors.
While these products do the same job as handles for other kinds of doors, you can buy door handles specifically made for glass doors.

Glass door locks
There are many kinds of locks for glass doors. Some secure the door to a frame or solid wall. Some can be retrofitted to an existing glass door without any changes being made to the glass. Some bond to the glass with UV adhesive. Some are clamped to the door edge.
If the door lock is clamped or adhered to the glass door, DIY installation is possible. Where drilling and other methods are required, it's best to get professional help.
As with other kinds of doors, glass locks come in a range of styles. The same goes for glass door fasteners such as latches and bolts.

Sliding glass doors
Sliding glass doors can add a touch of class to any property. They typically have handles. These come in a range of designs and materials, so you can be confident your door hardware will blend into your project's overall aesthetic.
They run on tracks – a kind of door hardware that other doors don't have. Replacing a sliding glass door track is a difficult job. You have to disassemble the existing track, remove the glass panel and install the new track. Many people seek professional help to complete this task.

Glass door accessories
Other kinds of glass door accessories include door knockers, door stops, letterboxes and peepholes. You can also get doorbells and video doorbells, although some say these don't technically fall under the bracket of "hardware".

Glass doors can also be fitted with motion sensors or pressure pads so they open automatically when people approach.

What are frameless glass doors?
A popular style of glass doors is the so-called "frameless" variety. These aren't technically frameless – no door is. Instead, their frames are hidden within the structure.
Frameless glass doors have a sleek, minimalist look that's popular among homeowners and businesses alike. They can also be made using smart glass – a type of glass that can be switched from opaque to transparent at the click of a button.

What kind of glass do you need for glass doors?
When it comes to glass installations, safety is always a concern. But with high-traffic areas like doors, the glass needs to be extra-safe. That's where safety glass comes in.
Safety glass is a type of glass built to withstand more impact than regular glass. To put this into perspective, your average sheet of safety glass is usually around five times stronger than an equivalent sheet of annealed glass.
There are two main types of safety glass: toughened (or tempered) and laminated . In both cases, it takes a huge amount of force to shatter them – and they're built to shatter in more safely than annealed glass.
Safety glass also includes fire-rated glass and security glass . These can also be used to make glass doors.

What should you look for in toughened glass for glass doors?
If you're buying toughened glass for a glass door, you should ensure it meets BS EN standards and carries the Kitemark seal of approval. You should also make sure you buy it from a reputable and experienced glass processor.
Taking these precautions will minimise the chances of injury if your glass door breaks. It will also minimise the risk of having to get it replaced.
Are you looking for high-quality safety glass for a glass door installation? Here at ToughGlaze, we can cut, process and ship your glass from one state-of-the-art facility. That includes cutting bore holes for door hardware. Get in touch today to request a quick, competitive quote.

Laminated or tempered glass skylights: which should you choose?

Fri, 09 May 2025 07:44:00 GMT

When installing a skylight, should you choose laminated or tempered glass? Let's discuss the pros and cons.

Ah, daylight. Not only is it an invaluable source of Vitamin D and suntans, but it can also transform a room, whether in a residential or commercial property.
Despite the benefits it confers on our health and well-being, many buildings aren't designed with natural light in mind. Anyone reading this will know what we're talking about: offices and homes that rely on electric light to feel halfway liveable.
Thankfully, there are plenty of ways you can maximise the natural light in a building. You can install more or bigger windows and doors. You can add mirrors and light-filtering curtains. And you can install a skylight in the roof, letting the light come flooding in.
A skylight can do wonders for a room. It's not just that it maximises the amount of natural light. It can also improve ventilation, give the room a facelift and even increase the property's resale value. What's more, a skylight reduces the need for electric lighting, lowering your bills in the process.
But before you rush to your nearest skylight installer, there's one question you should ask: should your skylight glass be laminated or tempered?
To answer that question, we must first explore the differences between the two.

What's the difference between laminated glass and tempered glass?
Laminated glass and tempered glass (also known as "toughened glass") are both kinds of safety glass. This is a broad category of glass products referring to glass that's built for locations where additional safety is critical.
To take one clear example: if there's a chance that broken glass from a window could fall on someone, safety glass is a must.
Though they're both kinds of safety glass, however, they're different in important ways. These differences come from the way they're manufactured.
Laminated glass consists of two or more sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer sandwiched in between. These layers make the final glass product exceptionally hard to break – and when it finally does, a spider-web-like pattern spreads across the surface, the glass itself staying within its frame.

This structural integrity makes laminated glass ideal for applications where the glass will take a heavy load. If the glass is to be walked on , for instance, laminated glass is the go-to product.
Toughened (or tempered) glass, by contrast, is built to break in a different way. It's around five times tougher than standard glass. And when it breaks, it breaks into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces – no jagged, sharp-edged shards.
This breakage pattern is a result of the manufacturing process. The glass is heated at a high temperature and then rapidly cooled (quenched). This sudden temperature change excites the molecules in such a way that when the glass breaks, it breaks into smithereens.
Those are the key differences between toughened and laminated glass. So, which is better for a skylight?

Laminated and toughened glass: which is better for a skylight?
Sometimes, this question is answered for you by national building regulations. At certain heights above ground, laminated glass is essential.
If this doesn't apply to you, the choice between laminated and toughened glass is in your hands. There are two main factors to consider: the amount of sun exposure and the amount of environmental noise you expect in your building.
If you live in an area that gets a lot of sun exposure, you may want to get a laminated glass skylight. This is because laminated glass blocks more UV rays than toughened glass. Over time, these rays can fade your interior. It's worth noting, however, that toughened glass also blocks a lot of UV rays.
Then there's the question of noise. Laminated glass has better soundproofing qualities than toughened glass. If you live in a noisy neighbourhood, you may want to invest in laminated glass to make your skylight double up as an acoustic barrier. (It's worth noting, however, that you need specialised acoustic glass and a matching frame to achieve the best possible results.)
If neither of these factors applies to you, however, you may want to invest in toughened glass as a more affordable option.

Before you do, however, you should be aware of the way toughened glass breaks. A skylight is unlikely to shatter without extreme force being applied. But if it does, you're left with smithereens on the floor and a hole in the roof. This is unlikely to be a problem – but it's worth keeping in mind.
When a laminated glass skylight breaks, by contrast, it retains structural integrity. This means the skylight is still in place as you wait for it to be replaced.

What are the main types of skylights?
There are three main types of skylights: fixed, ventilating and tubular. Each has different benefits depending on what you want from your installation.
A fixed skylight is the cheapest and most straightforward of the three varieties. It lets light in but doesn't open for ventilation. Fixed skylights can be flat, round or dome-shaped.
Ventilating skylights, as the name suggests, can be opened to let fresh air circulate. They're sometimes called "roof windows" and can be operated manually or by electric or solar power.
Finally, there are tubular skylights, also known as "sun tunnels" or "solar tubes". These use a reflective tube to direct sunlight into interior spaces. The "lens" is typically made from polycarbonate or acrylic.

What should you look for in laminated and tempered glass products?
Before you invest in laminated or toughened glass, you should be sure it's been sourced from an accredited and experienced processor. Safety glass should always be manufactured in accordance with BS EN standards. You should also look for the Kitemark stamp of approval.
Sourcing safety glass from the best gives you peace of mind that you're investing in high-quality materials – a must when installing glass in a critical location like a skylight.
Are you in the market for laminated or toughened glass for roofs ? We can supply high-quality glass in all shapes and sizes. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Amazing stained glass effects: 5 ways to nail the look

Mon, 05 May 2025 06:41:00 GMT

Love the stained glass look? Learn how to achieve stained glass effects with toughened and laminated glass.

Stained glass is a beautiful sight, whether in a mighty cathedral or a humble door-light. But one thing's for sure: it takes a lot of time, effort and resources to produce.
Stained glass artisans cut pieces of glass into shape and then join them together with lead strips. The new piece of glass is then painted, fired and installed into a frame.
So, what if you want to achieve that stained glass effect without all the hassle? Well, there are plenty of imitation stained glass options on the market. But there are also more creative ways to achieve this most desirable of effects.
Part of the beauty of stained glass is that each piece can be unique. Whatever materials you use, the design can be entirely original, an existing design or something between the two.
You can turn your living room into Chartres Cathedral or let coloured light spill into your home with an original design. You can make your office, shop or other commercial premises a multi-coloured haven.
It's yet another example of just how versatile glass can be. All you need is a vision – and a specialist glass supplier to turn it into reality.
So, without further ado, here are five ways to nail that stained glass look.

1. Decorative LED glass
Imagine a piece of wall art or an expanse of wallpaper that radiates light. What you've imagined is decorative LED glass , sometimes known as "illuminated glass" or "edge-lit glass".
It consists of an ultra-thin unit lit from the edges by LED bulbs. A single strip of LEDs can illuminate a 2.7-metre-tall glass unit.
A stained glass-style pattern can then be digitally printed onto the glass . The combination of this pattern and the LEDs creates gorgeous refractive patterns that are sure to attract comment and admiration.
But beauty isn't the only selling point of decorative LED glass. It can be installed pretty much anywhere and is much more energy-efficient than traditional fluorescent lighting.

2. Coloured laminate windows arranged in squares
One of the defining features of stained glass is that it's comprised of different shapes joined together into a harmonious and colourful whole. You could do the same with modern toughened glass – but only if you've got plenty of time and money to spare.
A more practical alternative is to arrange coloured laminate windows in squares. Each window is made of laminated glass, bonding a coloured interlayer between two sheets of glass. This gives you a contemporary twist on a classic design, suggesting stained glass without spelling it out.
What's more, laminated glass is highly robust. When it breaks, it cracks but doesn't shatter. This gives you the peace of mind that your faux stained glass installation is unlikely to be damaged.

3. Fabric lamination
Typically, laminated glass consists of two panes of glass with a plastic interlayer in between. This interlayer can be coloured or multi-coloured, combining the beauty of the design with the structural robustness of the glass panes.
But it's not just plastic that can be laminated. You can also sandwich fabric interlayers between those panes of glass. This protects and frames the fabric, increasing its longevity and adding to its aesthetic appeal.
You can laminate pretty much any type of fabric. But to nail the stained glass look, you could explore felt, muslin or quilted fabrics. And as with all of these effects, the design can be anything you like. The only limit is your imagination.

4. Backlit glass
As the name suggests, backlit glass is glass lit from the back – an effect typically achieved with LEDs.
One of the most striking things about stained glass is the way light shines through it, illuminating the rich colours and designs. This can be mimicked by placing an LED behind a translucent glass design, whether on a feature wall, a piece of glass art or another installation.

5. Digital printing on glass

Digital printing on glass has come a long way in recent years. These days, there's no reason why you shouldn't have a design printed onto glass to photorealistic quality – a design, moreover, which will last for as long as the glass itself.
You can print any design under the sun onto glass. So, if you want to achieve a stained glass effect, why not digitally print an image of a stained glass design? Combined with backlighting, it can turn a corner of your home or office into an art gallery wall.
There's also screen printing on glass . This uses advanced inkjet technology to apply the design to the glass. As with digital printing on glass, the standards are high. At ToughGlaze, we use ceramic inks that are as vivid as they're long-lasting.

What is stained glass?
Stained glass consists of pieces of coloured glass joined together with lead strips. It's familiar to many from churches and cathedrals but has also been used in secular interior design.
Stained glass has been around for centuries. The oldest known piece is a small, circular window at St. Paul's Church in Jarrow, England, dating from the 7th century.
The golden age of stained glass, however, is widely considered to be from the 12th to the 16th centuries in the so-called "Gothic" period. At this time, there were huge advances in both glassmaking and cathedral building in Europe, which led to some astonishing examples of stained glass.

How we can help
If you want to nail a stained glass effect in your home or commercial premises, we can help. We manufacture LED glass and can laminate fabric and coloured interlayers in high-end laminated glass. We can also digitally print and screen print glass with stained glass designs.
All our products are Kitemark-approved and meet BS EN standards. So, whatever kind of decorative glass designs you're looking for, don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick, competitive quote. We'd be more than happy to talk you through your options.

Glass facades in modern architecture: 5 incredible examples

Fri, 02 May 2025 07:14:00 GMT

Some of the world's most amazing buildings feature glass facades. Discover 5 of the best in the world.

Here at ToughGlaze, we're passionate about the versatility of glass.
Glass products exist on a spectrum: at one end is function and at the other end is beauty. Between those two poles, anything is possible.
Glass can be coloured , textured , curved, printed , smoothed. It can be used to make everything from tiny beads to massive bridges . Look around any city and you'll soon be reminded of its awesome aesthetic potential.
This is perhaps nowhere more apparent than in the world of structural glazing . Today's glass bridges, skyscrapers and facades are remarkable feats of engineering – and despite their ubiquity, they still have the power to take your breath away.
In this article, we take a look at five of the world's most incredible glass facades. We hope it gives you some inspiration!

1. The Villa Tugendhat, Brno, Czechia

Located in Brno, the second largest city in Czechia, the Villa Tugendhat is a three-floor villa steeped in history.
It was built between 1928 and 1930 for the wealthy Tugendhat family. But this was no ordinary residential project. Designed by the German architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich, the villa's use of space and materials got it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001.
Among other innovations, the villa features a glass facade that can be retracted into the floor – "as if by magic", it's been said .
All in all, the villa more than satisfies Grete Tugendhat's wish for "a modern spacious house with clear and simple shapes".
It's a building, however, that's as luxurious as it's "clear and simple". Take the Mottenkammer, a purpose-built moth-resistant room where the Tugendhats could keep their fur coats!

2. White Block Gallery, Seoul, South Korea

White Block Gallery is a 1,500-metre-square exhibition space in Seoul's Heyri Art Valley. It includes a range of artworks, including sculptures, paintings and multimedia installations.
The building itself is a work of art, with a fritted glass facade that the project team describe as "[taking] on more figural volumes to create areas of privacy and publicity" and "[merging] with the patterns of early morning fog".
Fritting is a glass processing technique. A powdered mixture of glass and other materials called "frit" is adhered to the surface of the glass to give it a fine texture.
In the case of White Block Gallery, this fritting effect is frosty and foggy, helping the steel-framed building to blend with its lakeside surroundings.
Seoul is also home to a plethora of impressive glass facades – from the pale-coloured Lotte Tower to the multifaceted, wraparound Galleria Department Store.

3. The Henderson, Hong Kong, China

The Henderson is a 36-floor, 190-metre-high skyscraper in Central, Hong Kong. At the time of writing, its tenants include the auction house Christie's and luxury watch brand Audemars Piguet.
The building has an astonishing curved glass facade that's meant to recall the Bauhinia flower. Also known as the Hong Kong orchid tree, the Bauhinia is a symbol of Hong Kong, featuring on its flag, coins and coat of arms.
Made of more than 4,000 double-laminated curved glass panels, the building has an organic, fluted appearance that immediately communicates luxury and style.
Other incredible glass facades in Hong Kong include the K11 MUSEA, Two Taikoo Place and the Apple Retail Store on Canton Road.

4. The Shard, London, UK

The London skyline is changing all the time. Today, one of its most distinctive features is the Shard – a pyramid-shaped, 72-floor skyscraper in Southwark, designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano.
This slender, glass-clad spire is the tallest building in the UK and the seventh tallest in Europe. Like many modern skyscrapers, it's a celebration of the structural potential of glass.
The spire is covered in angled, extra-white glass panes. In keeping with many modernist designs, it's built so the glass facade reflects the sunlight and sky, changing with the weather and the seasons.
The building gets its name from the eight sloping glass facades, known as "shards". These reflect the surroundings in fascinating and unpredictable ways.
Not everyone, however, is a fan, with English Heritage describing the building as "a shard of glass through the heart of historic London".

5. Bank of America, Greenville, USA

Bank of America is a huge multinational company. It operates in more than 35 countries and has nearly 4,000 branches and around 15,000 ATMs in the US alone.
With that kind of money knocking around, it's no surprise that Bank of America has put some money into its architecture. This is nowhere more apparent than in Greenville, the county seat of Greenville County, South Carolina.
This renovated building boasts an impressive glass facade. The east lobby has a glass entryway with a metal frame and glass wing doors. It also includes supporting pipe columns.

What is the biggest singular glass facade in the world?
According to Guinness World Records , the biggest singular glass facade in the world is in Nantong, Jiangsu, China, built by Haojing Holdings Group Limited.
Completed in 2024, the facade weighs more than 5,000 kilogrammes and measures 19 metres by three metres.

What kind of glass are facades made from?
Structural facades are typically made out of laminated glass or IGUs (insulated glass units).
Laminated glass is a type of safety glass built to withstand heavy impacts and extreme weather conditions. It's made of two or more sheets of glass bonded with a plastic interlayer (or, in the case of our fire-resistant glass , a gel interlayer).
IGUs, by contrast, are double- or triple-glazed units. Air or an inert gas is trapped between the panes, making for better insulation and energy efficiency than some other glass products.
Are you in the market for high-quality structural glazing ? At ToughGlaze, we work with some of the world's largest architecture and construction firms. Get in touch today to request a quick, competitive quote.

The history of glass manufacturing in the UK

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 08:43:00 GMT

The UK has played a big role in glassmaking from Roman times to the 21st century. Find out more.

Today, the glassmaking industry makes billions a year. Yet it all began with primitive techniques thousands of years before the first millennium.
Ever since the Romans arrived in Britain, the United Kingdom has played a key role in these developments – from early glassblowing to float glass, from industrialisation to high-tech consumer goods.
Here at ToughGlaze, we're proud to be part of this story. Without these centuries of innovation, we wouldn't be able to supply our clients with high-quality toughened and laminated glass .
Want to know more about the history of glass manufacturing in the UK? It all begins at the turn of the millennium when the Romans conquered Britain.

1. Roman Britain
The Romans borrowed glassmaking techniques from the Greeks and brought them to pagan Britain. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence for 20 glass workshops in Britain .
Initially, these workshops made simple beads and other decorative items. But when glassblowing was pioneered on the Levantine coast, Roman Britain got involved.
Glassblowing meant that glass could be produced at scale. Soon, all social strata used a kind of green-blue blown glass.
Among the wealthy, glass began to replace metal and ceramic dinnerware. Unlike those materials, it didn't smell!

2. Medieval Britain
With the Romans gone, Britain sank into its fabled Dark Ages. While there is some written and archaeological evidence of glassblowing – mostly in the Weald – the industry was in the doldrums.
In medieval times, glass was mostly imported for stained glass church windows. The epicentre of glass manufacturing was Venice. This reliance on imports began to change in the 16th century.

3. 16th-century England
The 16th century saw the rise of the glassmaking industry in England. This was primarily thanks to a revival in local glass production.
Glass manufacturing expanded from family-run glass houses to large monopolies. Meanwhile, European immigrants improved English furnaces and provided superior raw materials.
All this led to an improvement in the quality of English glass. The majority of glass was blown. It was often decorated in the Venetian style.

4. 17th-century developments
The glass manufacturing industry in England continued to grow in the 17th century. Cities like London, Swansea and Newcastle became home to highly productive glasshouses.
Around this time, furnace technology began to improve. Conical glasshouses now had furnaces with chimneys, possibly inspired by Venetian "beehive" furnaces.
Around 1663, George Ravenscroft unveiled flint glass. This was a colourless and translucent glass that pushed England to the forefront of European glass manufacturing.
Flint glass (or "lead glass") meant that glass bottles and phials could be produced and exported on an unprecedentedly grand scale.

5. The 18th century
The 18th century was a transitional period, bridging the gap between 17th-century expansion and 19th-century industrialisation.
There was a huge rise in demand for high-quality glass, especially among the wealthy. Chandeliers, crystal glassware, window glass and mirrors were all considered essential by landowners and other members of the elite.
At the same time, technology advanced in leaps and bounds. The 18th century saw the introduction of mould-blown glass and new cutting and engraving techniques. Ornateness was the order of the day.

6. The Industrial Revolution
The 19th century was a time of seismic change all across Europe – and England was no exception. Urban populations dramatically increased, industries were mechanised and mass production became the norm.
In the world of glass, this was apparent in the establishment of huge glassworks, which manufactured glass for windows, bottles and other items on a whole new level of scale and efficiency.
This was the century that saw the construction of the Crystal Palace, the largest glass building of its time. The glass was provided by the Chance Brothers' glassworks in Smethwick, West Midlands. They also provided glass for the Houses of Parliament.

The 19th century also saw a huge increase in everyday glass products. Glass jars and bottles were increasingly used for food and drink packaging and glass was used in greenhouses, skylights, lamps and more.

7. The 20th century
You could say the 19th century was the blueprint for the 20th and 21st centuries: mass production, industrialisation and consumer goods.
Perhaps the biggest change was the introduction of float glass in the 1950s. Developed by Sir Alastair Pilkington, this method is used to this day and contributed to the continuing expansion of glass packaging.
Art movements like Art Nouveau and Art Deco invested heavily in decorative glass. Companies like Whitefriars in London, for instance, produced iconic designs made possible by advances in glass technology.
After World War II, the glass industry in the UK began to decline. There were a number of reasons for this, including increased foreign competition and changing consumer tastes.
Despite this change in fortunes, the history of glass manufacturing in the UK doesn't end there. As in many industries, the history books are still being written.

8. The 21st century
Perhaps the biggest development in the glass manufacturing industry in recent years has been the new focus on sustainability. Glass processors and suppliers are reducing their energy consumption and increasing their use of recycled glass.
This is also reflected in government regulations about the use of glass in new builds and renovations. No sustainability strategy is complete without taking into account the efficiency of glass.
In a high-tech consumer age, glass has also become a high-tech product, used in smartphones, solar panels, fibre optics, switchable smart glass and more.
Today, the UK glass manufacturing industry is worth £2.5 billion a year. And here at ToughGlaze, we're delighted to play our part, providing businesses with high-quality, endlessly customisable toughened and laminated glass.
So, if you're in the market for robust, versatile, accredited glass made with 21st-century techniques, please get in touch . We'd love to fix you up with the right materials.

Curved glass in architecture: 5 amazing examples

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 09:52:00 GMT

Curved glass can add a touch of (curved) class to any building. Join us as we explore 5 amazing examples.

Glass has always been about so much more than the purely practical.
From the very earliest beads and beakers to the bridges and elevators of today's urban centres, glass has long been a go-to for designers looking to make an impression.
From stained glass to smart glass , there's something about the versatility and light-enhancing properties of glass that make it an architect's dream.
This is nowhere more clearly seen (pardon the pun) than in the extensive use of curved glass in 20th- and 21st-century architecture. It can be sleek and subtle, big and bold, or anything in between. And despite its popularity, it's never lost its capacity to impress.
Like all architectural glazing, these curved creations are only possible thanks to painstakingly developed and finely tuned manufacturing processes.
In this article, we explore five amazing examples of curved glass in architecture. It's by no means an exhaustive list. However, we hope it fires your imagination and gives you a sense of just what curved glass can do.

1. The Guggenheim Museum, New York City, USA

The Guggenheim would be an international landmark if its art collection was housed in a shed – such is the pedigree of its permanent collection.
Yet it's also a landmark of 20th-century architecture – and its innovative use of curved glass is an integral and unforgettable part of the package.
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, it's all tilts, spirals and curves. Its famous glass skylight, known as the "oculus", floods the gallery with natural light.
Meanwhile, one of the elevator shafts is encased in curved glass panes. The elevator itself is glass-walled and has been compared to "a monumental fish leaping out of the water" . Is it any wonder the architecture gets as much attention as the art?

2. The Emporia Shopping Center, Malmö, Sweden

When Swedish architects Wingårdhswere asked to design the Emporia Shopping Center, just west of Hyllie Station in Malmö, they didn't cut corners. Instead, they cut a huge diagonal line down the middle of a 93,000-square-meter, three-storey building.
The so-called "Amber Entrance" is a remarkable feat of structural glazing. Its double-curved glass walls let light spill into the courtyard while grabbing the attention of every passerby.
Bronze-ochre on the front and marina blue on the back, the building boasts green areas as well as shops. In a word: monumental.

3. Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg, Germany

Known to Kulturfanatiker (culture vultures) as the Elphi, this concert hall is a striking example of what happens when you combine the comfort of the old with the shock of the new.
Opened in 2007, the Elphi consists of a glassy, wavy structure atop a 1960s brick warehouse. Its abstract curves – made of around 1,000 glass windows – have been compared to a sail, a wave and an iceberg. Whatever it resembles, there's an undeniable maritime feel to this eye-catching construction.
However, the acoustics have split opinion in a way the curved glass hasn't. Philip Kennicott of The Washington Post called them "a marvel of clarity, precision and cool objectivity".
The less favourable school of thought is well-encapsulated by the audience members who shouted "Can't hear you!" at tenor Jonas Kaufmann in 2019.
Either way, there's no denying it's an impressive building – and that the curved glass plays a pivotal role.

4. Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, France

A self-described "transparent cloud", the Fondation Louis Vuitton is an art museum and cultural centre in Paris.
The word "cloud" captures something fundamental about the building. It's covered in an envelope of glass that gives it the simultaneous impression of cloud-like translucency and cloud-like movement.
It's a triumph of architectural ambition and realisation. Its 12 "sails" are formed of 3,600 individually shaped panels of curved glass.
Architect Frank Gehry said his aim was "to reflect our constantly changing world… To create a building that would evolve according to the time and the light in order to give the impression of something ephemeral and continually changing."
The glass itself required some serious out-of-the-box thinking. A special furnace was built just to make Gehry's dream curves a reality.

5. Vakko Fashion Center, Istanbul, Turkey
[IMAGE: Vakko Fashion Center – ideally a close-up of the curved glass Xs on the windows]
Vakko is Turkey's premier luxury fashion brand. And just as it grew from a small hat seller to a chain turning $424 million in 2023, so its headquarters in Istanbul combine the past, the present and the future.
The building began life as an abandoned concrete structure perched on a hill in the district of Maltepe. As with the designers of Hamburg's Elphi, the architects decided to augment this structure rather than conceal it.
They did this by cladding the building in light, thin, curved glass sheets held in place by brackets and other fixings. These were then wrapped in huge, distinctive Xs.
In one sense, Vakko Fashion Centre is one huge glass cabinet that showcases its wares with aplomb. However, whereas the showrooms are see-through, the offices sit atop the original building, covered in mirrored glass.

How is glass curved?
Everybody knows glass has to be handled with care. So, how on Earth do glass manufacturers bend it without breaking it?
The process is involved and requires high levels of precision. First, the glass is cut, cleaned and polished. Dust and impurities must be removed to ensure it doesn't crack or shatter.
Next, the glass is painted with detergent and calcium carbonate and placed in a steel mould. The glass in its mould is then placed into the kiln and fired at 700°C (1,300°F). The glass softens and bends, eventually taking on the shape of the mould.
Once out of the kiln, it's cooled for a couple of hours and voila! You have one piece of curved glass. Who knows where it will end up?
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted custom glass suppliers . Do you need high-quality curved glass for an architectural project? Get in touch with our team today to discuss your requirements or request a quote.

Delamination of laminated glass: its causes and how to prevent it

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 08:25:00 GMT

Glass delamination is the result of poor processing and installation. Find out how we can help you avoid it.

Laminated glass is built to last. But that doesn't mean it lasts forever. Sometimes, homeowners and business owners will spot a defect in their laminated glass: a stain caused by the wearing away of the glass's plastic interlayer.
This is a defect specific to laminated glass and the way it's manufactured. Most types of glass consist of a single layer. Laminated glass, however, consists of two (or more) sheets of glass sandwiching a plastic interlayer.
It's this method of construction that gives laminated glass its extraordinary robustness. It's also the reason it breaks the way it does. Rather than shattering, the impacted surface cracks but stays in place. This qualifies it as a form of safety glass, meaning it can be used in applications where safety is paramount.
Robust, however, doesn't mean indestructible. Delamination occurs when the adhesive bond between the glass and the interlayer is reduced or perished altogether. It most often occurs in sheets of laminated glass with a PVB interlayer (a particular type of plastic).
So, what are the causes of delamination – and how can it be avoided? It's mainly a result of inadequate installation. It can also, however, be the result of poor-quality products. This is one reason why it's so important to work with a reputable glass processor.

What are the causes of delamination?
There are four main causes of delamination. Two stem from poor installation and two from poor processing.

1. Excess moisture
The first – and most common – cause of delamination is the exposure of laminated glass to excess moisture. PVB (the material used for many interlayers) is hygroscopic. This means it takes up and retains moisture.
If the panes of glass are exposed to excessive moisture, the bond can be reduced and delamination can occur.
This is usually a direct result of poor installation. The edge of an interlayer should "breathe". If it doesn't, delamination is all too possible.

2. Incompatible silicone

Secondly, there's the question of structural silicone. This should be compatible with the interlayer. Cut corners on this compatibility and delamination could occur.

3. Poor glass processing
Thirdly, there's poor processing. A glass processor will use cleaners and primers to prepare the glass before it's bonded with structural silicone. If these aren't fully removed, they can begin to wear away the adhesive layer and contribute to delamination.

4. Roller wave distortion
Finally, there's something called "roller wave distortion" . This isn't something that glass processors can eliminate entirely – but a good processor will make sure it's kept to a minimum.
It occurs when the rollers used in the manufacturing process distort the glass unevenly. These distortions can apply stress to the interlayer, especially at the edges where delamination is most likely to occur.
What can we learn from this? Perhaps the key takeaway is that you need to choose your processors and installers with care. Otherwise, you run the risk of letting other people let you down.

Which interlayers are most susceptible?
Different laminated glass products use different plastic interlayers. Here at ToughGlaze, for instance, we most often use PVB (polyvinyl butyral). This is the most common type of interlayer – and also the one most susceptible to delamination.
This is only a problem, however, if you get laminated glass from a substandard processor or get good-quality laminated glass badly installed. In the right hands, however, PVB is the most common interlayer for a reason.
Resin interlayers are also susceptible to delamination. They can also deteriorate under UV radiation.
Polyurethanes and ionoplasts, such as Sentry Glass and EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), are all less susceptible to delamination than PVB. Polyurethanes, however, can expand under heat and EVA performs less well than PVB under blast loading.

Why does it matter?
The obvious reason why delamination matters is that it looks ugly. Your mileage may vary, of course – some people like a lived-in look. But for most homeowners and business owners, delamination is something to be avoided purely for aesthetic reasons.

There is, however, a still more important reason to ensure you get good-quality laminated glass installed to a high level. This is because delamination weakens the glass. Given that one of the main purposes of laminated glass is to provide extra safety, this is clearly something to be avoided where possible.
The UK's National Protective Security Authority (NPSA), for instance, conducted an experiment where it subjected four laminated windows to a TNT-strength blast load. Three of the panes had different depths of delamination, while the fourth was as good as new.
The NPSA found that "the glass will pull out of the frame and travel into the building (test cubicle) when there is 12-15mm or more linear edge delamination on all four sides".
In other words, delamination can compromise the robustness of laminated glass and make it vulnerable to blast impacts. For this reason alone, it's worth investing in high-quality laminated glass and working with high-quality installers.

How can you prevent delamination?
Your best bet is to work with a glass processor that has high levels of quality control during the manufacturing process. Look for ISO 9001:2015 – the international gold standard for industrial quality assurance.
Next, you should work with a trusted installer. This will ensure that the structural silicone and gaskets are compatible, that the edges are ventilated and that the interlayer isn't compressed by its frame or fittings.
Finally, you can mention delamination when specifying glass. The NPSA recommends stipulating acceptable levels of delamination and even offers a template you can use when communicating with a glass processor.

What is the life expectancy of laminated glass?
When properly maintained, laminated glass can last anywhere between 25 and 50 years. But it's less likely to have such a strong innings if you work with a subpar processor or installer.
So, if you're in the market for high-quality laminated glass products , don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze . We'll fix you up with best-in-class materials that are built to last, not to delaminate.

Non-typical uses for acoustic glass: from libraries to animal shelters

Fri, 18 Apr 2025 06:54:00 GMT

Acoustic glass is often used for windows. But what are some less typical applications? Explore 5 examples.

How times have changed. For centuries, even millennia, buildings were noisy by default.
A window was a single sheet of glass – good for keeping out the rain, not so good for keeping out noise. If you wanted to soundproof your home, you had to get creative with rugs, carpets and wall panels.
Fast forward to the 21st century and we're spoiled for choice. Buildings of all shapes and sizes can be soundproofed with acoustic foam, glass wool, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), suspended baffles and high-quality acoustic glass .
Soundproofing makes for better buildings. Being able to control the amount of sound coming in (and out) of a building can make it a more pleasant place to be. That applies whether it's a building with lots of daily footfall or one where concentration and quiet are the order of the day.
Ask the person on the street what acoustic glass is used for and they'll probably say "windows". But did you know it can be used in a whole host of other applications, too?
In this article, we look at five creative and unusual uses of acoustic glass. But first of all: what is it, actually?

What is acoustic glass?
Acoustic glass – sometimes marketed as soundproof or noise-proof glass – is a type of glass designed to absorb sounds and make a building quieter.
It's a type of laminated glass, made from two sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer. This interlayer serves double duty, absorbing sound and adding toughness to the glass unit.
It does this without any noticeable change to the glass's appearance. This means you don't have to sacrifice aesthetics in pursuit of superior noise control.
If you're investing in acoustic glass, be aware that you need to combine your glazing with an appropriate framing system.

1. Libraries
You might think that acoustic glass is only needed in noisy places like train stations and schools. But in a quiet environment like a library, sound still needs to be managed.

After all, footsteps or chatter is more disruptive when you're trying to study than when you're waiting for a train. In busy areas, many people have learned to tune the hubbub out.
In libraries, however, concentration is king. And even in these fortresses of quietude, silence can't be guaranteed. Staff and users interact. People come and go. Acoustic glass helps stop this from becoming an issue for library users.
Libraries are an interesting case study in how old and new buildings present different acoustic challenges. Old libraries tend to be echoey affairs with high ceilings, hard floors and high arching glass. New libraries, on the other hand, are more "deadened", with sounds absorbed by carpeting and curtains.
Both can benefit from acoustic glass, but the precise application will vary. The same goes for museums, labs and other places of study.

2. Glass floors
Walk-on glass is a modern miracle. Whether you're on a glass-floored balcony, a glass-bottomed boat or crossing the 632-metre-long glass bridge in Moc Chau, Vietnam , walkable glass technology gives you an experience you won't forget in a hurry.
This is only possible because of laminated glass. Anything less puts people's safety at risk. But in all these applications, noise is a factor, too.
No matter the setting, footsteps can be disruptive – but in the kind of luxury setting where walk-on glass has been installed, loud clattering footsteps are a no-no.
This is another context where acoustic glass comes into its own – deadening unwanted noise with no sacrifice to safety or clarity.

3. Animal shelters
Animal shelters are places of sanctuary. Yet, often, they're chaotic, noisy environments with the sounds of animals bouncing off concrete floors and metal roofs. The stress this creates can literally make animals ill or worsen the illnesses they already have.
It doesn't have to be like this. Acoustic glass can make animal shelters far more welcoming and pleasant places for both animals and humans. Meanwhile, acoustic glass partitions mean cats and dogs can coexist without disturbing each other.

Like any building, animal shelters can be soundproofed in different ways. Some sites use acoustic wall panels and foam insulation. But acoustic glass has one key benefit: it's easy to clean, especially compared to wall panels.
Acoustic glass can be sprayed and wiped down with ease, making it ideal for all kinds of spaces designed for animals.

4 Smart glass
Smart glass is a remarkable innovation. At the touch of a button on a smart home system, it can change from transparent to opaque. Many varieties can also be dimmed, giving you full control over the amount of light coming through the glass.
Its prime function is to give you privacy on demand, whether on a luxury jet, a car sunroof, a privacy screen in a hospital or a dimmable partition in an office.
But it also gives you greater control over acoustics. Whether it's installed in a domestic or commercial setting, its laminated construction provides some level of soundproofing as well as control over visibility.

5. Aquariums
Aquariums are finely constructed pieces of equipment. And for good reason: they need to provide a safe environment for fish that's also attractive, strong and easy to maintain.
An aquarium isn't just a decoration. It's a home. And like any home, many aquarium owners want control over the sounds coming into – and from – the tank.
Acoustic glass can give fish a quiet life by reducing the sound transmitted through the glass. But owners get the quiet life, too, with the glass reducing the sound of the air pump.

Introducing TG AG
At ToughGlaze, we have our own state-of-the-art acoustic glass product. TG AG is a type of laminated glass that can be used for traditional acoustic glazing and more unusual use cases.
It's robust, endlessly customisable, Kitemark-certified, made-to-measure and compliant with all relevant British standards. Interested? Then get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Why install a smart glass roof?

Mon, 14 Apr 2025 07:59:00 GMT

Smart glass can add elegance, thermal efficiency and privacy to your building. Learn why it's great for roofs.

What does a building need to be? It's a big question with many possible answers depending on what the building is used for and who it's used by.
Nevertheless, we think you'll agree that a building, whether residential or commercial, should be private, thermally efficient, soundproofed, elegant and easy to maintain.
There are many ways to tick these crucial attributes off the list. But for our money, one of the very best is smart glass .
Smart glass is an innovative glass product that can be switched from transparent to opaque via a switch or smart home system. Think Alexa but for the transparency levels of your glass windows, doors or roof.
With smart glass, you're given the ability to say, "Alexa, increase the privacy in the room" – while the product itself provides excellent thermal efficiency, soundproofing and low maintenance.
Now, picture a smart glass roof. Not only do you get intuitive control of privacy levels, but you also get to control how much light floods in from above.
Want to gaze up at the stars? No sweat. Want to cover up the roof for the night? Again, no sweat. Want natural light but don't want glare? All these decisions can be made at the touch of a button.
Still not convinced? Here are five reasons you should seriously consider installing a smart glass roof.

1. Balance natural light and privacy
How about this for a hot take: natural light is a good thing. Obvious, right? Yet here in the UK, otherwise lovely buildings are often all too dingy. You need big windows and kilowatts of electric light to make them halfway liveable.
This, of course, is an argument for a glass roof – but why a smart glass one? The answer is that smart glass lets you embrace natural light without any sacrifice of privacy.

"Yes," we hear you say, "but why not just install horizontal blinds?" The answer is that a smart glass roof gives you all the benefits of non-smart glass with benefits all its own. Take, for instance, the question of thermal efficiency.

2. Increase your building's thermal efficiency
For both residential and commercial building owners, "thermal efficiency" means two things. First, it means spending less on central heating, air conditioning and other ways of controlling the temperature. At a time when energy bills are high, this is a top priority.
Secondly, it means producing fewer carbon emissions. At a time when sustainability is fast turning from a "good-to-have" into a "need-to-have", this means your choice of glass products is more important than ever.
Smart glass roofs are thermally efficient because, well, smart glass is thermally efficient. It has a low U-value, meaning it keeps the warm air in and cold air out.
On top of this, it offers light control (sometimes known as "solar control"). By giving you graduated control over the amount of light entering the building, you rely less and less on electric lighting.
All of this combines to simultaneously slash your energy budget and your emissions. Win-win!

3. Improve soundproofing
Solar control is one thing – but how about acoustic control? This is something a smart glass roof gives you in spades.
Smart glass, you see, is often made out of toughened glass – and toughened glass is around twice as quiet as standard glass.
This isn't a key reason to invest in a smart glass roof. After all, you could invest instead in a toughened laminated roof without the smart capabilities.
Nevertheless, the soundproofing properties of smart glass are an extra benefit, increasing the overall comfort of a building.

4. Low maintenance
Whether you're a homeowner or a business owner, chances are you're busy. Typically, this means one of two things. Either you spend your hard-earned pay on a cleaner or you do it yourself.

This is another reason why you should consider getting a smart glass roof. Smart glass (like all toughened and laminated products) is a breeze to clean. All you need is some glass-friendly detergent and something soft to apply it with – and, in the case of a smart glass roof, some kind of pole.
And if you don't have time to do your own cleaning, it means you'll spend less on cleaning services. Either way, smart glass gives you a high-end product that doesn't cost the Earth to clean.

5. Add a touch of class
At the end of the day, smart glass roofs are about more than just functionality. Sure, their thermal efficiency, privacy-on-demand, low maintenance and advanced soundproofing are all big selling points. But these would count for little if a smart glass roof wasn't classy.
It's not just the fact that smart glass roofs let you show off and harness light from the sky – both when the sun is flooding down and when the stars are sparkling on high. It's also the high-end touch that this smart addition to a building can bring.
Perhaps you're a homeowner wanting a conversational centrepiece in one of your rooms. Perhaps you run a restaurant or casino and want to give customers an experience to remember. Or perhaps you own an office and want to impress both staff and visitors.
If this sounds like you, a smart glass roof is the way to go. But before you commit to an installation, you need to be sure you're working with the right materials.
Aside from anything else, smart glass roofs need to be super-safe. This means you should always get your materials from a processor that follows the relevant BS EN safety standards.
It also means that you shouldn't cut corners when it comes to quality. As one of the UK's leading smart glass suppliers , we never cut corners – only glass. So, if you're in the market for some high-quality smart glass for a roof, get in touch with ToughGlaze today. We'd love to help you out.

Ceramic glass vs tempered glass

Fri, 11 Apr 2025 02:15:00 GMT

What are the important differences between ceramic glass and tempered glass? Find out in our guide.

Look around you. No matter where you are, you can probably see multiple uses of glass.
Sometimes, it's purely functional – a glass beaker, say, or the glass in a picture frame. Sometimes, it's decorative: think stained glass and champagne flutes.
And sometimes, it's there to provide a fire barrier. Stovetops, oven doors and fireplace guards all need a type of glass that can protect your home from flames.
These applications typically take one of two kinds of glass: ceramic glass and tempered glass . The differences between these two products aren't immediately obvious – but they can have important ramifications for your safety.
This is a separate issue from fire-rated glass , a product that stops the spread of flames in the event of an uncontrolled fire.
In this article, we look at the key differences between ceramic glass and tempered glass, as well as common applications, advantages and disadvantages. We hope it helps you get the right material for the job.

Manufacturing
First off, ceramic glass and tempered glass are manufactured in very different ways.
Tempered glass – often known as toughened glass – is one of the main types of safety glass used in both residential and commercial settings.
It's manufactured by heating annealed glass to a high temperature (around 650°C or 1,200°F) and then rapidly cooling or "quenching" it with blasts of cool air.
This rapid shift from hot to cold creates surface compression. The science is complex, but essentially you're left with a piece of glass that's strong, durable and breaks in a specific way.
It's hard to break toughened glass. But when enough force is applied, it doesn't break into large, dangerous shards. Instead, it shatters into lots of tiny, relatively harmless pieces. This is part of what makes it safety glass.
Ceramic glass, on the other hand, isn't really glass at all – or rather, it's a composite of glass and ceramic materials heated to a high temperature and then slowly cooled.
Unlike tempered glass, it breaks into large shards. This makes it inappropriate in many applications where the public could be put at risk if a breakage occurs.
It does, however, have a superpower. It can withstand temperatures of up to 1,400°C (2,550°F). To put that into perspective, tempered glass can only withstand temperatures up to around 400°C (750°F). This makes it a common choice of material for stovetops and fireplace doors.
Like laminated glass , ceramic glass was invented by mistake. In 1953, Dr Stookey at Corning Glass Works was trying to precipitate silver by heating Fotoform glass. Instead, he ended up with ceramic glass. It soon became a fixture in American households.

Applications
In the home, ceramic glass can be used for windows, doors, kitchen splashbacks and more. But in the context we're discussing, it's most often used for bifold fireplace doors, electric fireplaces and some gas units.
This isn't to say that tempered glass is an inferior product – quite the opposite. Tempered glass is used in a wide range of applications, from doors and windows to walk-on glass , from smartphone screens to switchable smart glass .
When temperatures get extreme, ceramic glass is a more common application. You'll find it, to take just two examples, in wood stoves and airtight fireplaces.
These are all applications where the flames are there by choice and need containing. This is very different from windows and doors installed to protect against arson or accidental fire. In this context, your best bet is to invest in high-quality fire-rated glass.

Appearance
You can tell tempered glass from ceramic glass by its appearance. Tempered glass is made from standard window glass – and you can tell. The combination of raw material and manufacturing process leads to a highly transparent product.
Ceramic glass, by contrast, has a slight amber tint. This comes from a chemical called borite, which keeps the glass from expanding and contracting.
Ceramic glass can be tinted black – something you'll often see on oven doors and stovetops. This makes it even easier to wipe down and clean.
When it comes to appearance, tempered glass is extremely versatile. It can be given interlayers that add texture and colour . It can be printed or etched with words, images and other designs. It can be given a gritty frosted effect. It can even be modified to change from transparent to opaque at the click of a button.

Strength
Both ceramic glass and tempered glass can withstand heat. Tempered glass, however, has the edge over ceramic glass when it comes to impact resistance.
This is because tempered glass is primarily a type of safety glass. It's up to six times stronger than normal glass, meaning it can withstand heavy blows without breaking. Plus, when it does break, it does so safely – no jagged shards that can injure people when falling or when being cleared up.
Ceramic glass, however, is about the same strength as regular window glass. In other words, its high level of heat resistance isn't matched by a high level of impact resistance. Moreover, when it breaks, it breaks into big chunks.

How do you clean ceramic glass and tempered glass?
Both ceramic glass and tempered glass are extremely easy to clean. Simply wipe down the surface with a detergent and a microfibre cloth. As with any cleaning task, it's better to clean glass surfaces little and often rather than letting grime build up.

Is ceramic glass the same as glass with ceramic inks?
No. Ceramic glass is a heat-resistant glass product used to contain flames. This is different from glass printed with ceramic inks .
If you want a piece of toughened or laminated glass to be printed, ceramic inks are a great way to go. They help create clear and detailed designs – and these designs are baked into the surface, so they last as long as the glass itself.
Are you looking for high-quality tempered glass, made to measure ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

Toughened greenhouse glass: a guide for consumers and DIY-ers

Mon, 07 Apr 2025 08:28:00 GMT

Greenhouses can be made from polycarbonate or toughened glass. Find out which is best for your needs.

Greenhouses have been around for donkey's years – from the Roman Emperor Tiberius's wheeled cucumber carts to the first artificially heated greenhouses in 15th-century Korea.
Today, greenhouses are most commonly made from either a type of plastic called polycarbonate or toughened glass (sometimes known as "tempered glass").
If you're in the market for a greenhouse, you're probably wondering which material is best. And look: you're not alone. It's a debate that's been raging since the late Victorian era when polycarbonate was first introduced.
The choice of material is important for several reasons. It's important for the health of your plants. It's important for your household budget, both in terms of the initial outlay and its impact on your energy bills. And it's important for your home's carbon efficiency.
With these factors in mind, which is best, polycarbonate or toughened glass? Let's start by looking at the pros and cons of polycarbonate.

The advantages and disadvantages of polycarbonate for greenhouses
There are three main advantages to polycarbonate. The first is its lightness. This makes it easy to transport and install.
Secondly, it's cheaper to install than glass – at least, the initial payment is. However, you may find that costs rack up later as the material discolours and you need to use excess artificial heating.
Thirdly, it's extremely durable and can withstand higher impacts than safety glass. If your greenhouse is in an exposed area or a location prone to extreme weather, it could be the right call.
It's light, it's cheap, it's durable. Why on Earth wouldn't you get a greenhouse made from polycarbonate?
Well, despite these benefits, it has a shorter lifespan than glass. It discolours and even deteriorates more quickly, meaning it needs to be replaced sooner. This means its lower price tag could be a false economy.
Then there's the environmental impact to consider. Polycarbonate is a synthetic plastic made from petroleum and other chemicals. It takes centuries to biodegrade in landfill (no exaggeration!) And when it's burnt, it releases noxious fumes into the air.

This wouldn't be a problem if your polycarbonate greenhouse was built to last a lifetime. But it often needs replacing. In short, a polycarbonate greenhouse is a less environmentally friendly investment than a glass one.

Why choose glass?
Cards on the table: we sell toughened glass. So, you wouldn't be wrong to suspect us of a certain bias.
The thing is that we're not denying the advantages of polycarbonate. Many homeowners are satisfied with their plastic greenhouses – and who are we to disagree?
Nevertheless, we believe that glass is the way to go. There are three main reasons for this: its lifespan, its visual appeal and its energy efficiency. We'll take these one by one before addressing a couple of criticisms from advocates of polycarbonate.
First: lifespan. You want a greenhouse that will house your plants for as long as possible. You want clear surfaces that don't discolour easily. You want an outer structure that can withstand high winds and hail. Toughened glass can do all of that for you.
Secondly, there's the question of visual appeal. No doubt about it: some polycarbonate greenhouses look the part. But if you want a classic-looking greenhouse, toughened glass is the way to go.
Its super-clear structure lets the light come flooding in to nourish your plants. What's more, toughened glass can be easily customised. The glass can be fitted with a coloured or textured interlayer , etched or frosted , or even printed with images and texts .
Finally, there's the all-important question of energy efficiency. Toughened glass can retain heat well. During the colder months, this drastically reduces the need for artificial heating, slashing your energy bills in the process.
Whether you're hiring a professional installer or going down the DIY route, toughened glass is an ideal material for greenhouses. There are, however, a couple of criticisms we need to address.

First, advocates of polycarbonate say that polycarbonate is tougher than glass. This is true, but nine times out of 10, toughened glass is more than enough to withstand the British weather.
Toughened glass is a kind of safety glass that's up to six times stronger than standard glass. And thanks to the way it's manufactured, it breaks into lots of tiny, relatively harmless pieces rather than jagged shards.
It may not have the toughness of polycarbonate, but it still has durability to spare. Combined with its energy efficiency and longevity, this makes it a more-than-worthy alternative to polycarbonate.
Yes, polycarbonate will last for years – and it's no slouch in the thermal efficiency department. But it discolours and degrades far more quickly than toughened glass. There's a strong possibility you'll have to replace your polycarbonate frame.
Buying polycarbonate isn't quite a case of "buy cheap, buy twice". But if you're willing to spend more initially to save in the long run, toughened glass is the way to go.

Can you build your own greenhouse with glass?
Yes! While most DIY greenhouse kits on the market include polycarbonate panels, there's no reason why you shouldn't use glass.
Some people use reclaimed glass for their greenhouse projects. This can lead to beautiful and practical results. But if you want a professional-quality greenhouse, you should seriously consider getting some toughened glass panels .
If you do buy toughened glass for your greenhouse, make sure it's from an industry-accredited supplier. This will increase your chances of getting a long-lasting, robust and energy-efficient product. Your garden and your greenhouse plants deserve it!

Conclusion
At the end of the day, toughened glass is the ideal material for greenhouses. It's strong, durable, long-lasting and an effective insulator. This makes it good for your wallet, good for the planet – and, above all, good for your plants!
Are you looking for high-quality toughened glass for a greenhouse? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

A builder's guide to working with glass

Fri, 04 Apr 2025 06:57:00 GMT

Looking for guidance on working with glass on construction sites? Get the essentials in our guide.

Are you a builder or construction company working with glass? If so, you may be looking for guidance on how to handle and transport it.
As with all aspects of construction work, safety is paramount. Glass presents unique safety challenges that call for special procedures, protective personal equipment and regulations.
In addition, many different types of glass are used in construction. These have different levels of durability, safety and thermal efficiency. They also break in different ways. All these factors are worth knowing about before you start lifting, loading and installing your glass.
So, without further ado, here's a builder's guide to working with glass. We hope it helps you understand the issues surrounding this most varied and versatile of building materials.
Please note that nothing in this guide should be taken as official health and safety advice. In the UK, you should always refer to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for the latest official guidance.

Types of glass
There are many different types of glass on the market. The most basic are float glass and annealed glass.
Float glass is made from floating molten glass over a bed of molten tin. It's popular both as a material for windows and as the base material for other types of glass.
Annealed glass, meanwhile, is a type of float glass that's been annealed. This means when the glass is removed from the furnace, it's blasted with cold air on one side.
When it breaks, annealed glass shatters into large, sharp chunks. This makes it unsuitable for some installations – specifically, locations where falling glass could injure passersby.
In these instances, architects and designers usually specify safety glass. This is a category of glass that's more robust and built to break in safer ways. The most common types of safety glass are toughened glass and laminated glass .
Toughened glass – sometimes known as tempered glass – is cooled or "quenched" rapidly. This makes it harder to break than float glass and annealed glass. When it breaks, it shatters into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces.

Laminated glass consists of two or more sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer. At ToughGlaze, we most often use PVB (polyvinyl butyral).
It takes a lot of force to break laminated glass – and when it finally gives way, it cracks along the outer surface, maintaining its structural stability.
Then there's heat-strengthened glass . This is cooled more slowly than toughened glass. It has a similar break pattern to float glass and annealed glass but is up to twice as strong. Despite its strength, however, heat-strengthened glass is not considered a safety glass under building regulations.
These are the main types of glass used on building sites. However, there are a few more varieties that you might encounter.

Other types of glass for building sites
Insulated glass units (IGUs) are made out of two or more glass panes separated by a spacer. These are often used for windows where additional thermal efficiency is required.
Tinted glass is a type of coloured glass that absorbs solar heat and reduces glare. This makes it an energy-efficient and aesthetically appealing option.
Finally, low-E glass comes with a special coating that improves insulation. It does this by minimising the amount of ultraviolet and infrared light that can penetrate the glass.
This is by no means an exhaustive list of the types of glass on the market. However, we hope it helps you understand some of the most commonly used products on construction sites.

How to handle glass safely
Proper PPE (personal protective equipment) is essential when handling glass. Without it, you put yourself at risk of cuts, lacerations and even puncture wounds.
UK law states that workers on construction sites must wear high-visibility clothing, a helmet and reinforced footwear. When working with glass, you should also wear heavy gloves and safety glasses.
When handling glass, you can use suction cups and other tools to minimise the risk of injury. Glass can also be carried manually. When doing this, it's important to lift from the bottom and keep the glass upright at all times.

Transporting glass

If part of your job consists of transporting glass to the building site, there are safety procedures to follow. These begin in the warehouse when loading glass into the van.
If possible, you should use a dolly built for glass. If you don't have one, you can lift the glass manually, making sure you lift it from the bottom and keep the glass upright.
Inside the van, the glass needs to be tightly secured to stop it from moving around. This can be achieved with a combination of straps and protective materials such as padding, foam and crates.
When loading glass, you must wear appropriate PPE. This will include work gloves, safety goggles and work boots.
This isn't just about protecting yourself and your team from injury. It's also about protecting the materials themselves. If a sheet of glass gets broken, it has to be replaced.

How to clean up glass
If glass breaks on a building site, the first thing to do is cordon off the area. Next, you need to assess the size of the broken fragments.
If you're working with annealed glass, the fragments will likely be large and jagged. These should be disposed of manually by someone wearing proper PPE including work gloves and safety glasses.
If you're working with toughened glass, the fragments will be small and relatively harmless. These can be hoovered up.
As with all aspects of construction, you need to be thorough when cleaning up broken glass. Anything less will put your staff and any site visitors at risk.

Rules and regulations
Whatever project you're working on, you need to abide by local building regulations when handling and installing glass.
Among other things, these regulations will tell you what types of glass to use in different situations. Some of the key regulations are covered in Approved Document K . However, you should make sure you're across all relevant regulations – as well as HSE guidelines – before starting work.
Are you looking for high-quality glass building materials ? Here at ToughGlaze, we can cut, process and ship thousands of square metres of glass daily. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

The evolution of fire-resistant glass

Fri, 28 Mar 2025 14:44:00 GMT

All kinds of architectural projects require fire-rated glass. Discover how it has evolved over the years.

"Have nothing in your house," William Morris said, "that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful."
It's a noble thought but one that can be difficult to execute in practice. Often, factors such as safety and practicality compromise an object's aesthetic appeal – or override it completely.
For some time, this was the case with fire-resistant glass. For more than a century, buildings were fitted with wire glass – a product that's more fragile and less aesthetically appealing than today's safety glass.
However, as the decades have gone by, advances in glass fabrication have meant that products meeting Morris's strict criterion are available.
The shift from wire glass to today's wireless creations is one of innovation and ingenuity as manufacturers strove to balance beauty and functionality.
So, where did it all begin? Before we answer that question, let's make sure we're on the same page about fire-resistant glass. What do we mean by it, exactly?

What is fire-resistant glass?
Fire-resistant glass (or fire-rated glass ) is a glass product that meets fire-resistance standards. In the UK, the relevant standard is BS EN 1364-1:2015.
Sometimes, you'll see fire-rated glass marketed as "heatproof" or "fireproof", but this is a misnomer. There's no such thing as a glass product that will resist fire forever. Instead, it's rated according to how long it can withstand fire. The higher the number, the better.
So, how do today's fire-rated glass products differ from earlier iterations? To answer that question, we need to go back to the late 19th century, a time when the glass industry was firing on all cylinders.

Wire glass
There's nothing new under the sun – and the use of fire-resistant materials is no exception. Thousands of years ago, to take just one example, Chinese people coated wood in vinegar and alum before adding an outer layer of clay.
Glass, too, is nothing new. But glass as a material specifically designed to protect against fire only began at the end of the 19th century.

It was a time when the history of safety glass was being written. In 1874, toughened glass was invented . In 1903, laminated glass arrived on the scene . And in 1892, Frank Shuman patented wire mesh glass.
Until the early 21st century, this was the most recognisable type of fire-resistant glazing. But it had a problem.
Wire glass didn't meet international regulations for impact resistance. In other words, it could stop the spread of fire but would cause injury when shattered. This made it inferior in impact resistance and overall safety to toughened glass and laminated glass, which were designed to break safely.
On top of this, wire glass wasn't winning any awards for beauty. Manufacturers faced a challenge. How could they create a safer, more impact-resistant glass product that wasn't an eyesore?
The answer came at the turn of the millennium in the form of wireless fire-rated safety glass.

From wire to wireless
Wireless safety glass was unveiled in the early 2000s and quickly replaced its wiry predecessor – so much so that in 2006 wire glass was prohibited in the USA.
Its replacement could slow the spread of fire. But it also broke safely, whether toughened (and so breaking into lots of small harmless pieces) or laminated (cracking but not shattering and staying in its frame).
It was a giant leap in fire-resistant glazing. But those early products still weren't winning any beauty pageants. Early examples stood out with bulky frames and inadequate sight lines.
Manufacturers responded with rolled steel framing and other innovations that led to fire-rated safety glass that looked seamless as well as wireless – not a join, fastener or welding mark in sight.
Finally, a product was available that did the job and looked the part. No longer would architects sigh as they requested its use in their designs. Job done! But there was still room for improvement. This was partly a case of how long the glass could withstand fire.

How do you measure fire resistance?
Fire-resistant glass is measured by how long it can withstand fire. If a glass product is labelled "EI30", for instance, it can protect against fire for up to 30 minutes.
The longer, of course, the better – and one key way in which fire-resistant glass has evolved is exactly this. Today, products are available that withstand fire for up to two hours.
By now, you should be building up a picture of best-in-class fire-resistant glass. It's easy on the eye. It breaks like safety glass. And it can withstand fire for long enough to let people evacuate and the emergency services arrive.
At ToughGlaze, we're proud to provide this with our TG FR product. But TG FR has a special sauce – or rather, a special gel – that makes it stand head and shoulders over its competitors.

About TG FR
TG FR is our flagship fire-rated glass product. It's a toughened laminated glass, meaning it acts like safety glass – all while providing high levels of fire protection.
It works, however, slightly differently from its peers. Where some fire-rated glass products use an intumescent foam layer, TG FR has a special gel fill sandwiched between two panes of glass.
In the event of a fire, this gel turns opaque and forms a protective barrier against the heat, flames and smoke. Eventually, one pane will fall away. But that doesn't mean the fire will spread quickly – this is a glass product that can resist fire for up to two hours.
At the same time, this isn't a product that sticks out like a sore thumb. Instead, its high levels of clarity and transparency allow it to blend seamlessly with your premises.
It's a unique product that does the job and then some. And like all our products, it can be cut to size and customised to meet your project's exact requirements.
So, if you're in the market for state-of-the-art fire-rated laminated glass , don't hesitate to contact us for a quick, competitive quote. We look forward to hearing from you.

5 amazing visual effects you can create with glass sandblasting

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 06:46:00 GMT

Sandblasting is a technique that can make glass sing. Discover 5 amazing glass sandblasting effects.

Versatility is one of glass's best-kept secrets.
Sure, people are aware that glass can be coloured and printed. But outside the glass industry, most people don't know just how versatile its visual effects can be.
This can be seen clearly in the case of sandblasting. This is a kind of glass texturing created by blasting the raw material with sand at high pressure.
At its most basic, sandblasting creates frosted glass – the kind you might see on a front door's in-set window or in a public bathroom.
But you can sandblast pretty much anything onto glass – anything from a house number to a replica of Michelangelo's Last Supper.
While DIY sandblasting is possible, it has a steep learning curve and requires expensive equipment. Work with a professional glass processor, however, and you'll soon be realising the visual effects of your dreams.
In this article, we look at six amazing visual effects you can create with glass sandblasting . But first, what exactly is sandblasting?

What is sandblasting?
Sandblasting is all about texture – and as the name suggests, it involves blasting sand at a glass surface under high pressure to make it opaque.
However, sandblasted glass doesn't have to be opaque all over. Sections can be marked off with stencils to create textural interest.
And despite its rough texture, sandblasted glass is easy to clean when protected with a layer of Ritec ClearShield or a similar product.
Like screen printing and digital printing, sandblasting lets you apply complex designs to glass that are as durable as they're attractive.
You can use sandblasting to etch a single word – the name of your business, say, or the name of your home. Or you can apply large-scale, complex designs onto glass walls.
It's a terrifically versatile technique that can give your home or business a face-lift. Let's take a closer look at some of your options.

1. House numbers and names
For many house-proud homeowners, the front door is more than a hunk of wood. It's a statement, an invitation and an advert.

Sandblasting lets you make your front door stand out with the name or number of your house etched into the glass. And thanks to the versatility of the technique, your sandblasted name or number can be in any style you like.

2. Brand names and logos
If you run an office, factory or other work environment, you'll know that your premises offer a wide variety of branding opportunities. That's not just a window, partition or sign. It's a reminder to visitors and staff alike of your visual identity.
So, if you're looking for a brand name or logo to be displayed in your office, why not have it sandblasted onto a glass feature?
Sandblasted designs can be stencilled flat or cut deep into the surface for a debossed look. They can be a single block colour or a technicolour extravaganza. This versatility makes them ideal for commercial branding.

3. Sandblasted balustrades and partitions
Glass balustrades and partitions can add an elegant, minimalistic aesthetic to any property, whether commercial or domestic. But one especially striking effect is to get the balustrade and partition sandblasted to match the wallpaper.
This doesn't just achieve consistency. It also means you can combine a futuristic aesthetic like structural glazing with traditional wallpaper, effortlessly blending contemporary and classic looks.
And like all sandblasted glass, the wallpaper design itself can be as simple or as intricate as you like. The only limit, as they say, is your imagination.

4. Sandblasted shower screens
Want your shower screen to be decorated with trees, flowers, a city skyline? With sandblasting, you can print pretty much any design on your shower door, guaranteeing privacy as well as elegant design.
And thanks to the fact that sandblasting uses stencils, you can leave the glass clear from the shoulders up – the perfect combination of privacy and functionality.

5. Sandblasted tabletops
Perhaps you're a restaurant looking for glass tabletops that display the menu. Perhaps you're a homeowner wanting to personalise your coffee table or dining table with a favourite image. Either way, sandblasting opens up a wide range of amazing aesthetic possibilities.
It also provides you with a tabletop surface that's as easy to clean as it is easy on the eye. Simply wipe it down with a glass cleaning spray and a microfibre cloth – no elbow grease required.

Why use toughened glass for sandblasting?
You can sandblast any type of glass. But for our money, t oughened glass works best for the widest range of applications.
This is primarily because it's a type of safety glass. It's hard to break and built to last. And if it does break, it shatters into lots of relatively harmless pieces rather than nasty jagged shards.
It's also thermally efficient. At a time when homeowners and business owners alike are looking for ways to stay on top of their energy bills and their carbon emissions, you want glass that's going to keep the heat in.
Installing glass for its visual effects shouldn't mean any compromise to durability, safety or thermal efficiency. Opt for toughened glass and get the best of both worlds.

How we can help
At ToughGlaze, we have our own sandblasted glass product: TG SB . Like all our products, it's robust, versatile and manufactured in line with industry standards.
Whether you're looking for extra privacy, aesthetic flair or a combination of the two, TG SB can be an asset in any domestic or commercial setting. You can learn all about its technical specifications on our website .
So, what are you waiting for? If you're looking for high-quality sandblasted glass , don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote. We look forward to fixing you up with the right materials for the job.

Glass fire ratings explained

Fri, 21 Mar 2025 07:30:00 GMT

Fire-rated glass can save lives. Discover how it works, how it's rated and our revolutionary fire glass product.

Fire-rated glass is designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. Often found in designated escape routes, staircases and common areas, it gives firefighters more time to battle the blaze and save lives.
It's "fire-rated" because it's rated according to how long it can withstand fire. This rating is measured in minutes and, depending on the product, can cover two things: how long the glass will remain in its frame and how long it will act as a barrier against the heat.
If you're overseeing the construction of a new building or the refurbishment of an old one, fire-rated glass is essential to ensure the safety of its inhabitants or occupants.
In this article, we take an in-depth look at fire-rated glass: how it works, how it's rated and how we can help.

How does fire-rated glass work?
In the world of glass fabrication, layers matter. Take laminated glass , which bonds a plastic interlayer between two sheets of glass. This structural innovation makes it exceptionally hard to break.
Or take double and triple glazing. These provide stability and security through structural layering.
Fire-rated glass works in a similar way. It's made out of layers of toughened glass with interlayers. In the event of a fire, the smoke and flames are compartmentalised between the panes of glass, preventing it from shattering.
The interlayer, whether made of plastic or gel, is intumescent, meaning it swells when exposed to heat. This provides insulation against the spread of the flames.
In other words, fire-rated glass is designed to maintain structural stability and provide insulation. Both of these slow the spread of fire, giving people longer to evacuate and the firefighters longer to fight the blaze.
To work correctly, however, fire-rated glass needs to be installed correctly into a fire-resistant frame system. Everything from the framework to the hinges, from the components to the handles, works together to provide the required level of fire safety.

How is fire-rated glass classified?
Fire-rated glass is classified in two ways: by structural integrity and insulation. These are both measured with a number that refers to the length of time it can withstand fire.

"E" refers to structural integrity. This refers to the length of time that the glass can remain in its frame when exposed to fire.
A glass product rated E30, for instance, can successfully retard flames and smoke for 30 minutes.
The second classification is "I" for insulation. This refers to the level of heat protection provided by the glass product. I30 glass would provide 30 minutes of insulation.
In some cases, fire-rated glass is classified with a W rating instead. This shows it provides resistance to heat but doesn't specify for how long.

Where is fire-rated glass used?
Fire-rated glass is required by law to be installed in buildings that have a lot of footfall. This is to help slow the spread of fire, protect lives and ensure safe exits for occupants. It tends to be installed in fire escape routes and stairwells.
In new-build homes and renovations, fire-rated doors must be installed to separate the stairwell from every adjoining room. They're also required in two-storey residential properties between the garage and the main house.

Why is fire-rated glass important?
Normal glass is vulnerable to fire. Faced with direct heat, annealed glass can fracture in a matter of minutes. In the event of a fire, this allows the flames to spread unchecked into the building's interior. Fire-rated glass has been developed to protect people by stopping this from happening.
By slowing the spread of fire, fire-rated glass gives people longer to exit the building and the fire service longer to arrive.
It's no exaggeration to say that fire-rated glass saves lives. But can it rightly be called "fireproof"?

Is there such a thing as "fireproof glass"?
"Fireproof." "Shatterproof." "Bomb-proof." These are all words used to describe building materials, including glass products.
The truth is that no material is fireproof. Some materials, however, are more resistant to fire than others. Fire-rated glass is the most fire-resistant glass on the market.

How does fire-rated glass differ from other types of glass?
For all its advantages, standard float glass isn't very fire-resistant, breaking at around 120°C (250°C). Toughened glass is better, withstanding temperatures of up to about 260°C (500°F).

Neither of these types of glass, however, can hold a candle to fire-rated glass. This can withstand temperatures of 870°C (1,600°F) and above.

What is toughened glass?
Some kinds of fire-rated glass are made out of toughened glass . This is a special kind of safety glass that's toughened for extra strength.
It's designated as "safety glass" because of the way it breaks. While standard float glass breaks into large, sharp shards, toughened glass shatters into lots of tiny pieces. This is less likely to cause injury to passersby and much easier to clean up.
Laminated glass is another kind of safety glass, which may or may not be toughened. It consists of a plastic interlayer sandwiched between two panes of glass. This shatters in its frame, maintaining structural stability. It's used for windscreens, glazing in hurricane areas and other settings requiring high levels of protection.
Fire-rated glass resembles laminated glass in that it consists of two sheets of glass and an interlayer. The type of interlayer, however, is different. At ToughGlaze, we use a gel interlayer and toughen the glass in our furnaces for improved structural integrity.

About our fire-rated glass
At ToughGlaze, we manufacture a revolutionary fire-rated glass product – TG FR . It's exceptionally strong, provides hours of fire protection and is beautifully clear. So clear, in fact, that it's barely distinguishable from other types of laminated glass.
We believe TG FR is easily among the most effective and versatile forms of fire-rated glass on the UK market. But don't just take our word for it. TG FR meets British building regulations and is Kitemark-approved.
TG FR is rated up to EI120, providing at least two hours of integrity and protection against radiant heat when installed in a suitable frame. And like all of our products, it can be customised to meet the exact requirements of your project.
So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened fire-rated glass , don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

What are the different types of fire-resistant glass?

Mon, 17 Mar 2025 09:00:00 GMT

What are the three main types of fire-rated or fire-resistant glass? Learn all about it in our expert guide.

Glass is a critical material in the construction industry. But until the late 19th century, it had a problem. It was easy to break and, in the event of a fire, it wouldn't last long.
Fast forward to the 21st century and the market is saturated with fire-rated products that can withstand smoke and flames.
However, not all fire-rated glass products are the same. Some, to put it bluntly, are better than others.
This is because some fire-rated glass has a level of impact resistance similar to that of safety glass. At the time of writing, this is far from being the industry standard. It's also because some fire-rated glass can withstand fire for different lengths of time – from a minimum of 30 minutes up to two hours.
Too often, we see customers buying substandard fire-rated glass. This isn't to say it isn't safe – just that it could be safer.
But before we tell you more about our own fire-rated glass product, let's explore the different types on the market.

The three main types of fire-rated glass
Glass is a bit like medicine: it can be categorised according to its type or according to brand names. In this article, we're focusing on the main types rather than particular brands.
The three main types are E, EI and EW. Each has a different level of fire resistance and, for this reason, suits some applications better than others.
E-type fire-rated glass provides integrity but not insulation. It tends to be a single pane of toughened glass or cuttable wired and laminated glass . E-type glass can stop fire from getting through but doesn't stop heat transfer. It's safe, for sure – but it offers only the bare minimum in terms of fire resistance.
EI-type fire-rated glass, by contrast, provides both integrity and heat insulation. It's made out of two or more layers of glass enclosing a fire-resistant interlayer. This can be an intumescent foam or (as in the case of our fire-rated glass) a type of gel.

When fire breaks out, the interlayer in a piece of EI-type fire-rated glass expands, creating a barrier against the transfer of heat. This gives people more time to evacuate and the fire brigade more time to arrive.
Finally, there's EW-type fire-rated glass, which provides protection against fire and reduces heat transfer through the glass. It's specifically designed to keep radiant heat below 15kW/m2. EW glass can be toughened, gel-filled or laminated.
All three types of fire-rated glass come with a number. These numbers refer to the length of time the glass can withstand fire.
E30, for instance, offers a base level of protection for 30 minutes. Our flagship fire-rated product, TG FR , is EI, offering integrity and insulation, and goes up to a whopping 120 minutes.
All three types of fire-rated glass play a pivotal role in keeping people safe in large buildings, be they industrial, commercial or residential premises.
Fire-rated glass can be used in doors, windows, screens and walls. They serve to provide protection against fire without blocking out the light or spoiling the view.
The rules surrounding fire-rated glass in the UK are covered in Approved Document B of the building regulations. E30 is the minimum fire rating. EI30 is required if a project is to have no upper limit on the amount of glass used.
When consulting building regulations, make sure you're looking at the most recently updated versions. This will help you avoid costly replacements down the line.

Different types of interlayers

In the not-so-good old days, fire-rated glass was made from a combination of glass and wire. But this had one major drawback. More often than not it failed to meet industry standards for impact resistance. In the USA, it was phased out altogether in 2006.
This led to the creation of types of fire-rated glass that could withstand heavy impacts as well as raging fires. Interlayers – layers of material sandwiched between two panes of glass – played a crucial role.

Interlayers can be made of resin or intumescent foam. An intumescent foam interlayer turns opaque and swells when exposed to fire. This swollen interlayer creates a barrier against the fire.
A less common type of interlayer is gel-based. This serves the same function as an intumescent interlayer but can boast impressive levels of fire resistance. This is the case with our two-hour fire-rated glass , TG FR.

Introducing TG FR
At ToughGlaze, we're always looking for ways to improve our range and make sure we're at the cutting edge of glass processing. That's why we're now offering TG FR – a type of fire-rated glass that combines the best in safety glass with the best in fire resistance.
TG FR is a toughened laminated glass product. This means it can withstand heavy impacts as well as fire.
But TG FR is special for another reason. It makes use of innovative gel technology to create a glass product that can withstand fire for up to two hours.
It works a bit like this. Between the two panes of toughened laminated glass is a gel interlayer. When exposed to fire, the inner-facing layer breaks off and shatters into tiny, harmless pieces. The gel turns opaque, staying intact and providing an insulating barrier for up to two hours.
And unlike some other fire-rated products on the market, it looks the part. In fact, you'd be hard-pressed to tell the difference between TG FR and any other toughened or laminated product in our range.
Whether you're installing fire-rated glass in a domestic, commercial or public setting, TG FR does the job – and then some. Interested? Don't hesitate to get in touch with our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for the educational sector: what schools need to know

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 08:55:00 GMT

Glass products can make learning spaces safer, warmer and quieter. Find out how to choose the best.

In the education sector, much is made of how learning environments affect learning outcomes. Whether we're talking about a classroom, a lab, a lecture theatre or a library, students of all ages and levels benefit from warm, comfortable, well-ventilated, aesthetically pleasing environments.
So, how do you achieve this? Well, there are plenty of ways to go about it. But here at ToughGlaze, our speciality is glass – and we know how good-quality glass can have a positive impact on a learning environment.
Toughened glass and fire-rated glass are two products which are commonly used in the education sector. As well as keeping staff and students safe, they also help keep the warm in and the noise out, increasing focus in the process.
They're good for your institution's budget, too. At a time when sustainability is a priority and energy bills are running high, thermally efficient glass is a must.
Unconvinced? Let's take a closer look at how the best in glass can help produce the best in class.

Keeping the warm in and the noise out
In the education sector, focus is all-important. Without it, students are unlikely to absorb knowledge, deepen skills and perform well.
It's not impossible to concentrate in a draught. But it is, let's face it, far from ideal. This is one of the key benefits of toughened glass in an educational setting. It reduces draughts and gives you greater thermal control over the room.
Toughened glass is also great for soundproofing. It can help you block out sounds from neighbouring corridors, classrooms, labs and play areas. This helps students concentrate (and stops teachers from losing their voices!) It also helps classrooms meet the government's guidelines on acoustics in schools.

Two types of efficiency
The educational sector is like any other. It can find itself stuck between a rock and a hard place: on the one hand, the need to effectively heat the school to ensure comfort for students and staff, and the realities of high energy bills on the other.

Safety glass products like toughened glass and fire-rated glass help solve both problems in one fell swoop. They're built for thermal efficiency, meaning you're far less likely to reach for the thermostat. This has the advantage of reducing your carbon emissions as well as your utility bills.

Security
Schools, universities and other learning environments aren't just places of learning. They're also places of safety for students.
This means using a type of safety glass like toughened glass is the bare minimum. Often, educational institutions use fire-rated glass . In many cases, these are stipulated by building regulations.
Fire-rated glass is built to stop the spread of fire and flames. It stays structurally intact for longer than other types of glass, giving people more time to evacuate and the emergency services more time to arrive.
Safety glass isn't just about protecting people and places from fire. It's also to stop break-ins. Products like bandit-resistant glass can be vital for educational institutions to protect people, physical assets and even student data.

Moveable glass partitions
In many cases, learning environments such as labs, drama studios, seminar rooms and classrooms need to be flexible. Across the course of a week, they could well accommodate different numbers of students and different pieces of equipment.
Moveable glass partitions help you achieve this flexibility. They create a modular learning environment that can be arranged and rearranged with ease.
This means you get to enjoy the spaciousness of an open-plan learning environment and the flexibility of partitioned learning zones.

What is toughened glass?
Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) is a kind of safety glass. It has two key advantages over standard annealed glass. First, it's much harder to break, and secondly, it breaks more safely.
This is all thanks to the manufacturing process. Toughened glass is heated in a furnace at temperatures of 650 degrees Celsius or more. Once out of the oven, it's rapidly cooled or "quenched".
This excites the molecules in such a way that it breaks into lots of tiny harmless pieces rather than nasty jagged shards.
Toughened glass is a vital material in all manner of sectors. But it's easy to see why it's such a popular choice in the educational sector when student safety is a top priority.

What is fire-rated glass?
Fire-rated glass is a glass product designed to slow down the spread of fire. It can withstand temperatures of more than 870°C (1,598°F). To put that into perspective, standard glass usually breaks at 120°C (248°F) – and even toughened glass breaks at around 260°C (500°F).
Fire-rated glass contains an interlayer that's intumescent. This means it swells and turns opaque when it reaches a certain temperature. In the event of a fire, the interlayer is activated and a barrier is created against the smoke and flames.

Smart glass for the educational sector
A relatively recent addition to the glass market, smart glass or switchable glass has an incredible property: you can change it from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button.
This means you can have partitions in offices, classrooms, labs and other educational environments providing privacy on demand.
It also means a glass partition can become a whiteboard or projection screen in seconds. Simply switch on the glass and it can now be used for presentations, internal communications and more.
Smart glass can add sophistication and flexibility to any learning environment. Why not join the ranks of homeowners and business owners who have jumped on the bandwagon?

Conclusion
The educational sector is all about focus, safety and learning. Good-quality toughened and fire-rated glass can help you achieve these goals. We hope this article has helped you figure out your specific glazing requirements.
Are you looking for high-quality glass for an educational setting? As a trusted UK glass supplier , we can help. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

7 incredible glass museums from around the world

Fri, 07 Mar 2025 08:50:00 GMT

Incredible pieces of glass and glassware can be seen in museums across the world. Explore 7 of the finest.

Glass has always been a material that straddles the functional and the beautiful. Ever since it was first manufactured, it's been used for essential household items and for beautiful works of art.
This might not be something you'd expect a glass processor like us to focus on. Surely, our mission is simply to get the right materials for the job to our customers?
Well, we certainly take the functionalities of glass very seriously. When you specialise in toughened glass , that's a given. But we're also fascinated by glass's versatile aesthetic possibilities.
You can see this in the wide range of decorative options we stock. These range from coloured glass to digitally printed glass – and from switchable smart glass to glass with textile interlayers .
In this respect, we're not so different from the world's many glass museums. We, too, want to celebrate the way glass looks as well as what it does.
Glass is a product found in every corner of the world, so our selection of glass museums is truly global. Museums are often set up in places that have, or used to have, thriving glass industries. Other museums display pieces of glassware taken from elsewhere.
In this article, we take a look at seven of the world's best glass museums – from Turkey to Germany, from Iran to Portugal. We hope it helps you plan your next cultural trip or simply gets you excited about what the world of glass can offer.

1. Abgineh Museum of Tehran, Iran
Located in a pedestrian area of Tehran's old city, Abgineh Museum is home to more than 1,000 art pieces. These include remarkable samples of glassware and ceramics from pre-history right through to recent times.
The building itself, with its ornate facade, has a rich history. It was the private residence of Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam from 1921 until 1951. From 1953 to 1960, it served as the Egyptian Embassy.

Then, in 1980, Queen Farah ordered it to be turned into a museum showcasing Iran's artistic past. The architectural grandeur of the building contrasts beautifully with the delicate items on display.

2. Canberra Glassworks, Canberra, Australia
Opened in 2005 and located in a listed building, Canberra Glassworks is the largest glass studio in Australia. Visitors can watch glassblowers at work, explore a rotating selection of exhibitions and even have a go themselves in workshops and courses.
As well as the viewing platform, there's an on-site gift shop – and the glassworks are near the Sunday market. Oh, and it's free entry. A great day out for glass lovers in Canberra, we think.

3. The Glass Museum of Marinha Grande, Portugal
Marinha Grande is a jewel in Portugal's crown. Set in the middle of a 700-year-old pine forest and a stone's throw from some fabulous beaches, this small city used to be a hub for the glass industry.
Today, it's home to the Glass Museum of Marinha Grande (Museu do Vidro da Marinha Grande). It's located in the former palace of William Stephens, the English entrepreneur who came to Portugal in the 18th century and bought the Royal Glass Factory (Real Fabrica de Vidros).
The Glass Museum is Portugal's only museum of its type. Its collection is split in two. The first is a celebration of decorative glass and the history of Portugal's glass industry. The second is a "Contemporary Art Nucleus" in a converted factory.
It's open from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. every day except Monday. The entrance fee is just €1.50.

4. The Glassworks Museum of the Ore Mountains, Neuhausen, Germany
Located in Purchenstein Castle, the Glassworks Museum of the Ore Mountains tells the story of the region's glass industry from its beginnings in around 1200.
Its displays include items of glassware from the time of Georgius Agricola (1491-1555). It also features a workshop, examples of historic writing implements and tools and historical information about the area.
And like all good glass museums, there are demonstrations of glass blowing. Visitors can watch as specialists manipulate molten globes of glass into gorgeous shapes.

5. Murano Glass Museum, Murano, Italy
The island of Murano is central to the history of glass-making. For centuries, its glassmakers had a monopoly on high-end glass and were pivotal in developing new techniques and technologies.
Murano Glass Museum tells the story of this industry – its rise, fall and rise again – along with fascinating insights into glass-making techniques. It also showcases a remarkable selection of glass from Egyptian times all the way to the present day. No trip to Murano is complete without a visit.

6. Museum of Modern Glass Art, Eskişehir, Turkey
The Museum of Modern Glass Art in the old town of Eskişehir, Turkey does just what it says on the tin. It's the first museum of its kind in Turkey and has exhibited 125 works by 68 international artists since 2007.
In the courtyard, for instance, a glass sculpture hangs over a fountain. Its tangle of glass tubes presents the viewer with a modern twist on a classic chandelier. This is just one example of this small museum's dynamic and colourful exhibits.
The museum combines permanent and temporary exhibits and also features a glass workshop and a theatre hall.

7. World of Glass, St Helens, England
Named England's Best Small Visitor Attraction in 2006, the World of Glass in St Helen's is a museum and visitor centre. It tells the story of the area through its glass-making past and teaches visitors about what the future of glass production might hold.
It's home to the original glass-making furnaces and some truly stunning examples of glassware. Visitors can also book a tour to see glassblowers at work.
The World of Glass is free to enter and open from Tuesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
ToughGlaze is a trusted commercial glass company based in Bedford, UK. For more insights on everything glass, follow our blog .

Glass for staircases: what are your options?

Tue, 04 Mar 2025 13:16:00 GMT

How are glass staircases safe to use? It's all in the materials. Join us as we explore some of the best.

There's nothing new about stairs. They're believed to have been around in one form or another for around 8,000 years. But if you had told an Ancient Egyptian that one day humans would climb staircases made of glass, they'd have looked at you in disbelief.
Yet here we are, living at a time when structural glazing is everywhere. Entire buildings are made out of the stuff in financial districts across the world – and glass features can be seen in galleries, museums and other cultural institutions.
Wherever you see glass staircases today, they have a sleek, unbroken, minimalist look – whether going straight up or spiralling. Some take the minimalist aesthetic a step further with staircases made out of just stair treads appearing to float in the air.
So, how is it done? How is it that every day, millions of people across the world climb glass staircases, walk on glass roofs and get to their offices via glass elevators?
It's all in the materials.
You see, the history of glass architecture is inseparable from the history of glass itself. Today, architects can use glass products designed especially to withstand weight and force.
In the case of glass staircases, architects use a combination of two types of glass – toughened (or tempered) glass and laminated glass . Nothing less will do to ensure people's safety as they climb the stairs.

What are toughened and laminated glass?
Glass staircases, railings and balustrades are made out of toughened laminated glass . It's sometimes sold as " walk-on glass " (as in our TG WO range ).
This isn't optional. Building regulations prescribe the use of toughened laminated glass of a certain thickness in domestic and commercial installations.
Toughened glass and laminated glass are two types of safety glass built for critical locations where safety is paramount. They serve much the same purpose but differ in both the way they're made and the way they break.

Toughened glass is fired at a very high temperature and then rapidly cooled or quenched. This creates compression in the glass surface, making it more resistant to stresses and shocks.
Standard, non-toughened glass breaks into large shards that can cause injury and are difficult to clean up safely. Toughened glass, by contrast, breaks into lots of tiny, relatively harmless pieces.
This makes it an invaluable material for shower doors, car and truck windows, splashbacks, tables and more.
Laminated glass is another kind of safety glass. When it breaks, it holds together. If you've ever walked past a car with a smashed windscreen, you've seen laminated glass break.
It's tough stuff, used not only for car windscreens but also for windows, doors and storefronts in areas prone to hurricanes. That's pretty hard-wearing!
Laminated glass is made of two sheets of glass with a polymer interlayer. This is the "glue" that keeps the panes together in the event of breakage.
In the case of glass staircases and other kinds of structural glazing , toughened glass sheets are laminated with a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer. If the staircase is frameless, toughened glass can be triple-laminated for maximum safety.
The same goes for balustrades – the barriers that are installed on either side of a staircase or on a balcony. These can be held in place with near-invisible fixings, such as the Fischer "secret fix" system .
Before you buy any materials for a glass staircase, you need to be sure you're getting top-drawer materials. Look for the Kitemark seal of approval and your supplier's industry accreditations. Without these, you're putting lives at risk with substandard materials.

Famous glass staircases
Perhaps the most famous glass staircases are the glass-covered, glass-treaded spiral staircases found in the middle of several flagship Apple stores.
These impressive structures can be found spanning two or more floors in stores from Japan to the USA. They've been climbed by millions of customers over the past decade or two, demonstrating that glass staircases can be highly safe and durable, as well as impressive.

And structurally impressive they are, using curved glass panels and spiral shapes to great effect.
Another famous glass staircase is at the Kistefos Museum in Norway, located around an hour north-west of Oslo. On one side of the river, you can take the glass staircase down to the museum's lower level.
If the Apple Store staircases are all grand, futuristic minimalism, Kistefos's staircase is about bringing the visitor closer to nature. These two examples are a testament to just how versatile glass can be as a structural material.

Why get a glass staircase?
The number one reason to get a glass staircase is that they look, in a word, fantastic. There's no such thing as a budget glass staircase, meaning your installation will always be a premier addition to your home or business premises, as well as being a conversation piece.
But there are a couple of other reasons why a glass staircase can be a good choice. First up, glass has a secret superpower: it can make rooms look bigger, creating the illusion of space with subtlety and elegance.
Secondly, glass is easy to clean. And we mean easy. Cut down on elbow grease and simply wipe down your glass stairs with glass cleaner and a microfibre cloth.
And finally, the fact they're easy to clean also makes them a more hygienic option than wood or carpet, which build up dust and grow faded over time.
All in all, glass staircases can be a great addition to any domestic or commercial setting. But as with all structural glazing projects, safety is paramount. For this reason, you need to be sure your building materials are up to scratch.
At ToughGlaze, we stock a wide range of glass products, including walk-on glass for staircases. Get in touch today to discuss your project or request a quick, competitive quote.

What goes into glass? Mapping the glass fabrication value chain

Wed, 26 Feb 2025 23:19:00 GMT

Around 500,000 Europeans work in the glass industry. What do they do? Learn about the glass value chain.

Glass is one of the most commonly used materials in the world. It's integral to everything from domestic windows to commercial skyscrapers. So, how do glass fabricators get it from A to B?
Raw materials have to be sourced. Manufacturers turn it into glass. Processors cut, etch, notch, bevel, colour, toughen, laminate and texture it. Then it gets delivered to the customer.
For this process to be executed, companies must carry out a series of activities known in business management as a "value chain".
A value chain is more than just a manufacturing process or a delivery system. It refers to all the processes that get a good or service – in this case, glass – to the customer.
The term comes from Michael Porter's 1985 book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. It's been summarised by the Institute for Manufacturing, Cambridge, as "based on the process view of organisation, the idea of seeing a manufacturing (or service) organisation as a system, made up of subsystems each with inputs, transformation processes and outputs".
This covers everything from money and labour materials to equipment and buildings, from admin to management, from the factory floor to the shop floor.
So, what does this value chain look like in the glass industry? Let's find out.

The picture in Europe
You can get a good sense of the complexity and interrelatedness of glass fabrication by looking at these statistics from Glass Alliance Europe . The industry, it says, covers 25 European countries, 500 glass manufacturing plants, 500,000 jobs and 40 million tonnes of glass each year.
What do those 500,000 people do? It all begins with the raw materials needed to make glass.

1. Sourcing materials
The main material needed for glass is sand. In fact, glass can be made from sand alone , as in the case of naturally occurring glass . But to manufacture glass for commercial use, you need more than just sand.
Glass manufacturers Pilkington , for instance, make glass with 59% sand. This gets mixed with soda ash, dolomite, limestone, salt cake and cullet.

All these materials need to be quarried and transported – except for cullet. This is waste glass that gets recycled in the manufacture of new glass products.
Most cullet used to manufacture float glass is "internal" – in other words, it consists of cast-offs from the manufacturing process. At the time of writing, only a tiny amount of cullet comes from consumers.

2. Making glass
Once the materials have been sourced and transported, it's time to make glass. The ingredients are mixed and melted at a white heat until the mixture becomes viscous. When it sets, you've got glass.
Of course, not all glass manufacturing processes are the same. Take toughened glass , our speciality. Toughened glass is fired at a high temperature and then quickly cooled or "quenched". This changes its chemical composition, making it harder to break than standard float glass.
When toughened glass breaks, it breaks into lots of tiny, relatively harmless pieces. This means it must be cut to size before going into the furnace. Try to cut it afterwards and you're looking at a broken pane of glass. (Cue sad trumpet sound.)

3. Glass processing
The glass is out of the oven. It can now be decorated in myriad ways.
Glass processing is a kind of alchemy. It turns plain old panes of glass into colourful , textured , printed and even dimmable materials that can be used in a huge range of settings.
We don't have space to go through all the different ways you can process glass. But one clear indication of the versatility of glass is the multitude of ways you can add designs to it.
You can sandblast glass , creating a frosted effect or a stencilled-off textured design. You can digitally print glass with photorealistic images. You can add a coloured or textured interlayer .
You can also make switchable glass . This lets you change its transparency levels using smart technology. Want some privacy? Simply press a button and the glass turns opaque.

Sometimes, glass manufacturers also process glass. In other cases, glass processors acquire raw glass sheets from suppliers and then process them on-site.

4. Delivery
The last link in the value chain is delivery. Glass travels all over the world to reach clients – and because of glass's fragility (relative to materials like steel and concrete, say), it needs to be handled with care.
Some manufacturers and processors outsource delivery to another firm. Others have their own in-house fleet. At ToughGlaze, for instance, we have more than 30 vehicles delivering our glass products across the UK mainland and beyond.
When ordering glass, you should always look for industry accreditations. In the case of glass delivery, look out for the Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme (FORS). This can help reassure you that your order is in safe hands.

About us
At ToughGlaze, we believe that product quality and customer satisfaction are two sides of the same coin. That's why we make, process and deliver our glass products all from under one roof, right here at our state-of-the-art facilities.
This means one thing for you: peace of mind. If you're sourcing glass from one supplier, getting it processed by another and then delivered by another, you're creating a chain of possible delays and disruptions.
After all, if you receive substandard materials or even good-quality materials too late, it's you who has the explaining to do. By working with a company like ours that does everything from one place, you significantly reduce the chances of this happening.
Our range covers everything from functional toughened and laminated glass to decorative glass and structural glazing . It's tough, long-lasting, aesthetically pleasing, thermally efficient and cost-effective. Oh, and all our products are in line with BS EN standards and have received the Kitemark seal of approval.
So, if you're in the market for some high-quality glass, get in touch with us today for a quick, competitive quote. We'd love to set you up with the right materials for the job.

Who invented laminated glass?

Mon, 24 Feb 2025 01:32:00 GMT

Laminated glass is a highly durable type of safety glass. But who invented it? Uncover its backstory today.

Like many key players in the construction industry, the glass industry has always had to balance aesthetics and functionality. This is nowhere more clearly seen than in the range of products known as "safety glass".
Safety glass refers to any type of glass that meets a certain standard of durability. The two main types used in domestic and commercial settings are toughened glass and laminated glass .
It's no exaggeration to say that these glass products can save lives. There's a reason laminated glass is used for windows, doors and other structural features in areas vulnerable to hurricanes.
How can a piece of glass withstand the force of a hurricane? The answer, as in so many aspects of glass fabrication, comes from the manufacturing process.
Laminated glass is made out of a layer of plastic bonded together by two sheets of glass. This means that, when subjected to manual or climatic force, the glass doesn't shatter. Instead, it breaks in a distinctive spider's web pattern, maintaining its structural stability.
Properties and vehicles the world over owe their safety to this miracle glass. But where did it come from? Well, like penicillin, Post-it notes and popsicles, it was all thanks to a happy accident.

France, 1903
Laminated glass was a mistake. In November 1903, the French chemist Édouard Bénédictus dropped a glass bottle and noticed something highly peculiar.
The story is related by Bénédictus himself in four yellowing pages held in the Saint-Gobain archives. He wrote:
"As I was tidying up my physical chemistry laboratory and moving the jars around, a bottle containing a celluloid solution slipped from my hands and fell to the ground from the height of the room.
"I picked it up," he went on, "apparently intact but starry inside like Bohemian crystal. The retention of the shards was such that at the moment of impact, not a single small, medium or large shard of glass had broken away from the bottle or seemed likely to do so."

You can imagine the Frenchman's surprise as he picked up the unbroken bottle. Many of us would mutter, "That's weird", put the bottle away and make a sandwich. But Bénédictus had a scientist's eye and inquisitiveness.
Sometime later, he heard that two young women had been badly injured in a car accident. This was at a time when cars were becoming more common on the roads, and the safety features we have today were a long way off.
The women had been cut by pieces of glass after the accident. This story called his discovery back to mind:
"I was, after my dinner, deep in thought about these two accidents," he said, "when, suddenly, without any preparation of any kind, the image of my jar was superimposed, palely lit in 'superimposition' on the frieze, always in motion, of life."
He immediately set to work, manufacturing the first-ever sheet of laminated glass the next day.
This was Triplex glass, made out of "two sheets of thin or semi-thick glass joined by pressure and gluing to a thin core of celluloid or composite materials".
Bénédictus patented his invention in 1909 and founded the Triplex Glass Company in July 1911. This produced "safety glass" and licensed it abroad. Laminated glass was beginning to spread and improve the safety of motorists everywhere.
By the end of the decade, the Ford Motor Company was installing laminated glass windscreens in all its vehicles.
The product we know today is only possible because of Bénédictus' accidental discovery. But the product itself is slightly different.
The key change came in 1936 when polyvinyl butyral (PVB) was invented. This is a type of plastic still used for laminated glass interlayers.

Who was Édouard Bénédictus?
We started this story by saying that Bénédictus was a chemist. But he was so much more than that.
In 1930 , the Glace et Verre magazine described him as "at once a poet and a philosopher, a painter and a musician, a chemist and an inventor".
Born in Paris in 1878, Bénédictus was of Dutch origin and had the philosopher Spinoza in his family tree.
His family was artistic and it seemed as though he might follow in the footsteps of his elder brother, the pianist Louis Bénédictus. However, his family encouraged (or told) him to study as a chemist in Germany.
His career began in the Art Nouveau period, an international movement in the decorative arts that took influence from natural flowing shapes. Despite his initial affinity with Art Nouveau, he moved with the times, adapting his own art to become one of the most celebrated proponents of the Art Deco style.
He specialised in colourful textile and wallpaper designs with vibrant floral motifs. While no longer a household name, he was celebrated in his time, working with famous designers such as André Groult and designing rugs for the French Embassy at the 1925 Exhibition in Paris.
He was also made a Knight of the Legion of Honour and an Officer of the Legion of Honour by the French government.
He's been said to have had "a profound influence on international fashions in clothing, home furnishings, graphic design, and decorative objects".
Today, his work can be seen in the Musée d'Orsay, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, the Library of Congress, the Art Institute of Chicago and the Minneapolis Museum of Art.
It's impressive to think that a person so celebrated for his art should also alter the course of glass fabrication. He died after a full life in Paris on January 29, 1930.

Final thoughts
Human history is dotted with happy accidents – but it takes a person of skill, knowledge and determination to turn that accident into a life-saving material. Édouard Bénédictus, we salute you!
Are you looking for high-quality toughened laminated glass ? Don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

Why are flat glass recycling rates so low?

Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:30:00 GMT

In the UK, flat glass recycling rates are low. Why is this – and how can the situation change? Let's find out.

Like all industries in the UK, glass is under pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. And on the face of it, it's in a stronger position than most to achieve this goal.
That's because glass can be 100% recycled. Waste glass, known as "cullet", can easily be used to produce new glass. What's more, it requires less energy to melt than primary raw materials.
So, what's the problem? Why not create a circular economy where waste glass is recycled, disposed of and recycled again?
This is increasingly the case with container glass such as bottles and jars. However, the recycling rates for flat glass are surprisingly low.
The top-line reason for this is that the UK doesn't have efficient systems in place to collect, repurpose and redistribute flat glass. This results in a limited supply of cullet for manufacturers.
In this article, we take a look at this problem and the ways it can be fixed. But first, what exactly is cullet?

What is cullet?
Cullet is waste glass. It could be broken or discarded for another reason. There are three types: internal, pre-consumer and post-consumer.
Internal cullet is created during the glass manufacturing process. It primarily consists of off-cuts from edge trimming and glass discarded for quality reasons.
Pre-consumer cullet is glass that's discarded before reaching the consumer. One example of this is off-cuts from jumbo sheet glass provided to glass processors.
Both internal and pre-consumer cullet are used in the production of new glass. This is because the sorting and reprocessing tools and processes are close at hand. The problem is post-consumer cullet – the flat glass equivalent of the glass bottles and jars you put in your recycling bin.
Recycling rates are low primarily because of post-consumer cullet. In fact, only around one percent of the cullet used in glass manufacturing is post-consumer.
Recycling container glass is a relatively smooth process for consumers. But flat glass? It's a whole other story.

How does flat glass get recycled?

Like container glass, flat glass can be sorted, reprocessed and then used again. If the glass is below quality, it can be sold to alternative markets – to make aggregates, for instance, and glass beads. Flat glass that isn't collected goes to landfill.
The main barrier to flat glass recycling is the absence of efficient collection systems. In this context, "efficient" means the materials are uncontaminated and meet industry quality standards. It also means that the collection process is affordable.
Affordability is a key factor. Glass qualifies for the lower band of UK landfill tax, making it more cost-effective to send it to landfill than to collect and treat it ready for recycling.
There are also fears that post-consumer cullet is contaminated by polymers, sealants and other chemicals and that these could contaminate the new, recycled glass.
Again, this doesn't have to be a problem. Container glass recycling rates are high despite the presence of contaminants. The key problem is a lack of infrastructure.

Education and legislation
Generally speaking, people need incentives to act sustainably. If the costs associated with flat glass cullet collection and reprocessing are high, consumers and businesses are unlikely to proactively look for solutions. Could legislation be the answer?
The case of container glass is instructive. The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 1997 played a key role in improving container glass recycling rates.
Could something similar be done with flat glass? In the Netherlands, for instance, IGU fabricators pay a levy on their products, which helps fund an infrastructure of collection sites and transportation. A similar scheme in the UK could help increase overall flat glass recycling rates.
But legislation alone might not provide the answer. Consumers and businesses need to be educated about the environmental benefits of flat glass cullet.

What are the environmental benefits of flat glass cullet?
There are three key benefits to the use of flat glass cullet in the glass manufacturing process.
The first is that flat glass cullet can be sourced and processed with less energy and fewer emissions than primary raw materials.

The second is that it melts more quickly, lowering the energy needed for the furnace. By lowering furnace temperatures, an increase in the use of flat glass cullet could also reduce the demand for alternative fuel supplies.
Finally, flat glass cullet creates fewer process emissions – those greenhouse gas emissions created during the manufacturing process itself.
The benefits are clear but yet to be ingrained. It may be that climate targets and associated legislation will put pressure on the industry to create a more efficient flat glass recycling infrastructure.

What is the difference between flat glass and container glass?
Flat glass and container glass differ in both their chemical composition and their uses.
Flat glass contains more magnesium oxide and sodium oxide, whereas container glass contains more silica, calcium oxide and aluminium oxide.
Flat glass is mostly used for windows, doors and mirrors. It's also known as plate glass or sheet glass. Container glass, by contrast, is primarily used for glasses and jars.

Can toughened glass be recycled?

Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) is a form of safety glass that's up to six times stronger than standard annealed glass.
It can be recycled but only at specialised facilities. We covered the issue in depth in our article, "How to dispose of toughened glass" .

Conclusion
Flat glass is 100% recyclable, yet post-consumer cullet recycling rates are low. This is primarily because of a lack of infrastructure, exacerbated by a lack of legislation and inconsistent messaging about the environmental benefits.
One day, the UK could have a system in place that recycles flat glass with the same efficiency as container glass. We'll be sure to keep you posted with any developments.
ToughGlaze is a trusted UK commercial glass company established in 1993. Our cutting-edge facilities and extensive industry knowledge allow us to offer a huge range of glass processing options, all carried out under one roof. Get in touch with our experts to request a quick, competitive quote.

Everything you need to know about frameless glass doors

Mon, 17 Feb 2025 14:45:00 GMT

Interested in installing a frameless glass door but don't know where to start? Find out more in our guide.

The word "modern" changes its meaning all the time. Certainly, the Modern Times of Charlie Chaplin's 1936 film are a far cry from the Modern Times of Bob Dylan's 2006 album.
In the world of architecture and interior design, however, the word "modern" is relatively stable. Sure, trends come and go. But frameless glass in a bank, home, office or indeed any other building is indisputably modern.
Perhaps it's the sleek aesthetic, the hidden seams, the combination of splendour and minimalism. Whatever the reason, it looks like frameless glass is here to stay.
Frameless glass doors are a strong example of the aesthetic. There's a reason why banks and other commercial buildings like to use them for main entry doors. When you swing open that frameless door, you're leaving behind the everyday world and entering a world of affluence and style.
The same goes (with slightly different flavour notes) for meeting room doors, hotel cupboards and domestic shower enclosures.
Like all structural glazing, frameless glass doors have to be super-safe. This is why they're made out of thick, toughened glass . Anything less will put passersby at risk.

What are the benefits of frameless glass doors?
Perhaps the biggest draw of frameless glass doors is that they're built to impress. They look good. They look, let's face it, expensive. And they have a way of blending seamlessly into modern facades and interiors.
But frameless glass doors have other advantages. They let natural light come flooding into a room. Some say this has benefits for the mind and body – either way, it can make for a pleasant environment.
They're also safe. Gone are the days when the phrase "glass door" implied a structure as feeble as a paper bridge. Toughened and laminated glass are built to last, meaning no amount of slamming will lead to a shattered door.
They're easy to maintain and long-lasting. No frame means no rust. With a frameless glass door, you get a sparkling expanse that can easily stay sparkling.

Are frameless doors actually frameless?
No door is completely frameless. Without a frame, you'd need at least two members of staff to hold the door up at all times. However, frameless glass doors appear to have no frame.
This is because the frames are kept to a bare minimum and concealed within the structure as much as possible. In commercial buildings, for instance, you'll often see a glass door with a thin steel bottom and top rail – nothing more.

Can glass doors offer privacy?
Ask the person on the street to think of a drawback of glass doors and it won't be long before the issue of privacy comes up. But with the right installation, privacy doesn't have to be a problem.
This is partly because toughened glass is so customisable. There's no need for a frameless glass door to be completely see-through. It can be semi-clear, frosted or patterned. It can be printed with a logo, text or other design.
You could even install a frameless door made out of smart glass . This innovative product, sometimes known as " switchable glass ", can be switched from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button. This makes it ideal for places like offices where you need privacy on demand.
But privacy isn't limited to vision. It also relates to sound. Historically, glass doors were bad at soundproofing. But today's materials help muffle the sound, meaning you can get on with your work without too much disruption.

What kind of glass is used for frameless glass doors?
Glass doors, framed or unframed, are made out of toughened glass. This is a type of safety glass that's up to six times stronger than standard annealed glass.
Toughened glass doesn't just have toughness in its favour. It's also classed as safety glass because of its unique breakage pattern.
When toughened glass breaks, it shatters into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces. This protects passersby and makes the glass far easier to clean up.

This is all thanks to the manufacturing process. Toughened glass is produced by heating the glass to over 650°C (1200°F) and then rapidly cooling or "quenching" it.
Toughened glass is also highly customisable. Depending on your requirements, it can be fire-rated to stop the spread of fire and smoke. It can be decorated in lots of ways. And, as mentioned, it can be made smart or switchable .
When installed high up, glass doors are laminated. This is to stop the risk of falling glass in the event of breakage. If in doubt whether toughened or laminated glass is required, check the relevant building regulations.

How do you install a frameless glass door?
Different installers will install frameless glass doors in different ways. However, a typical installation will consist of the following steps.
First, measurements are made and guides set out to make sure the glass door and glass partition are aligned.
Next, a limit slot is installed at the top of the door, along with metal trim panels from the centreline and a wooden bracket at the bottom. Once the installer is sure that the frame is rigid, the glass door leaf is installed.
Wooden flat squares are nailed onto the bottom joist and the unit is sealed with glue. Finally, the butt of the joint is joined to the glass. Voila! You have a frameless glass door.

How we can help
At ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality toughened glass for frameless glass doors. These materials can be customised to meet your exact requirements, whether for extra safety, extra strength or decorative purposes.
Our glass is tough, durable and manufactured in line with BS EN standards. What's more, we cover every stage of the manufacturing process right here at our state-of-the-art facilities .
So, if you're in the market for some top-of-the-market toughened glass panels , don't hesitate to get in touch . We'd love to fix you up with the right materials for the job.

Glass for the mining industry: why choose ToughGlaze?

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 08:19:00 GMT

Looking for glass products for mining equipment and facilities? Find out why ToughGlaze is the way to go.

Every industry has to take safety seriously. But the mining industry has to take it even more seriously than most.
It's an industry that's filled with hazards – hazards that can harm mining operatives if left unchecked.
There are many ways to improve safety in the mining industry. One relates to the materials used to make mining equipment and vehicles.
It's no surprise, then, that safety glass is a key material for the mining industry. In this article, we look at its uses – and how you can choose a reputable processor to work with.

What types of glass are used in the mining industry?
The mining industry is full of hazards. For this reason, standard or annealed glass won't cut it.
There are two reasons why something sturdier is called for. First, annealed glass can break easily, leading to production stoppages. Secondly, it breaks into nasty shards that can injure workers.
That's why most mining applications use toughened or laminated glass. These are two types of safety glass that are many times stronger than annealed glass.
They differ in a couple of ways. Toughened glass consists of a single pane that has been heated to a high temperature and then rapidly cooled. Laminated glass consists of two panes sandwiching a plastic interlayer.
These differences in structure lead to different levels of strength and different breakage patterns. When you break toughened glass, it shatters into harmless smithereens rather than the jagged shards left by annealed glass. But when laminated glass breaks, the glass stays in its frame. Rather than shattering, it cracks along the surface.
Toughened glass is ideal for many mining applications because of its ability to withstand temperature extremes, from the kinetic heat of machinery to the chilly depths of cold storage.
It can also withstand corrosive conditions better than standard glass. This makes it the perfect fit for environments where there's plenty of movement, noise and detritus. And when it breaks, it does so safely, reducing the chance of injury to machinery operatives.

Meanwhile, laminated glass is a fixture in earthmoving and mining equipment and vehicles. This is mainly to protect drivers in the case of a windscreen or window breakage. But it has other advantages for mining personnel.
First of all, laminated glass significantly reduces noise inside the vehicle. And secondly, it increases comfort by reflecting almost all UV rays.
These are all onsite applications. However, glass can also be used for site offices, from signage to partitions, from doors and windows to walls.
Glass has the edge over other materials in that it lets you combine an open-plan aesthetic with partitioned workspaces. Moreover, glass can easily be etched , printed or otherwise decorated with company branding.
There's even smart glass , a glass product that can switch from transparent to opaque. It's an increasingly common sight, found in planes, hotels, car sunroofs and apartments. It can also be used in offices to provide privacy on demand and a touch of class.
Glass, then, is a staple of the mining industry. The market, however, is flooded with options. How do you know which glass processor to choose?

How to choose a glass processor
When it comes to choosing a glass processor, there are a number of things to keep in mind.
First, you need a firm that stocks a wide range of products. A glass processor isn't like a high-end restaurant, where a smaller menu means a more sophisticated chef. If a firm can't provide you with laminated glass, say, or glass that's been digitally printed , they probably don't have the skills, expertise and equipment you're looking for.
Next, you need to look for accreditations. Online reviews and word of mouth only tell you so much about a company. Accreditations provide an objective stamp of approval that tells you you're in safe hands.
In the world of glass, this means Kitemarked products and BS EN standards. Always look for these before signing off on a shipment of toughened glass.
The bottom line is that a problem with your glass supplier becomes a problem for you. Make sure you get the best materials for your mining equipment and facilities and save yourself the hassle of returning, replacing and rethinking. After all, who's got time for that?
In the mining industry, safety can never be an afterthought. That's why it's so important to get glass that's tougher than tough and built to withstand manual force, environmental pressures and accidents.

Why work with ToughGlaze?
ToughGlaze has provided a wide range of industries with glass products since 1993.
This experience is reflected in our equipment. We've got advanced equipment that can do far more than just cut glass panels to size. We can frost. We can laminate. We can make smart glass, fire-rated glass , security glass and more. Whatever effect or function you're after, we can realise it for you.
The last few years have seen a huge spike in supply chain disruptions. It's no exaggeration to say that these days, disruptions are no longer the exception to the rule.
This is a problem in the glass industry for one key reason. Most of the time, a single pane of glass will have been cut in one place, fired in another and treated in yet another.
If there's a weak link in the chain, you'll feel it in the form of aggravating delays. More aggravating still, the number of players involved makes it hard to know who's responsible when something goes wrong.
At ToughGlaze, we circumvent this problem by doing everything under one roof. We even deliver!This means a quick turnaround and clear lines of communication.
In a safety-first industry like mining, good-quality materials are essential. Are you looking for high-quality toughened or laminated glass, cut to size ? Don't hesitate to get in touch . We'll have the materials you need on the way in no time.

Different types of glass distortion explained

Mon, 10 Feb 2025 09:13:00 GMT

Why do visual distortions happen in glass? And when is it considered a fault? Get the answers in our guide.

Visual distortions in glass are a bit like those funky-tasting peanuts you sometimes find at the bottom of the bag. To a certain extent, they're expected and accepted. However, if every peanut tasted weird, you'd know something had gone wrong at the nut factory.
The ideal glass, of course, is perfectly transparent and free of visual imperfections. But the more that glass is processed, the more likely distortion will rear its ugly, bendy head. That's why toughened and heat-strengthened glass is more likely to be distorted than standard annealed glass.
A good glass processor will do everything it can to minimise these distortions – but they can never be truly eliminated.
For you, as a customer, the measure is "How much distortion?" Does the glass look a little wobbly in the wrong light or do you feel like you've wandered into a hall of mirrors? Is there one bad nut in the bag or 30 of the things?
In other words, if you see a little distortion, forgive it – it's inevitable. If, however, the glass is so distorted that it drastically diminishes its aesthetic appeal, consider writing a strongly worded letter and taking your business elsewhere.
Of course, before you complain, you need to know what to look for. In this guide, we cover four of the most common types of visual distortions and let you know what's considered acceptable – and when.

Roller-wave distortion
Roller-wave distortion manifests as a fairly consistent series of rippled lines. It's often invisible under normal circumstances and only becomes apparent when reflections appear on the glass.
Roller waves are a side effect of heat treatments, such as toughening and heat strengthening. That's because the glass enters and exits the furnace on large rollers. The glass becomes softer and more pliable as it heats, causing it to sag – ever so slightly – between the rollers.
This type of distortion is not considered a defect – it's inherent to heat-treated glass and can't be completely eliminated. However, glass processors can take steps to mitigate it by tweaking variables like heat uniformity and quenching time.
Factors like glass thickness and size can also affect the level of distortion.

The good news is that roller waves have no impact on durability. Your glass might look a little odd from certain angles, but you can rest assured that it's as strong as it needs to be.

Strain-pattern distortion
Strain-pattern distortion is, like roller-wave distortion, a side effect of the glass toughening process.
However, unlike roller waves, strain patterns can't really be mitigated. They're more or less always there – but you'd have to look hard to notice them.
What should you look for? The best description we can come up with is "translucent leopard spots". These spots appear throughout the glass, but only under certain light conditions or when viewed from specific angles.
Again, this type of distortion is not considered a defect, and there's not much you can do about it. Those leopard spots are caused by tension within the glass.
It's this tension that gives toughened glass its impressive strength. Without the spots, it would be plain old, easily breakable annealed glass.

Newton's rings
Newton's rings are commonly seen on insulated glass units (IGUs). They appear as concentric fringes at the points where two panes of glass touch within the IGU.
Unlike the distortions we've covered so far, Newton's rings are not a result of the glass manufacturing process. Instead, they're caused by two waves of light reflecting and interacting with one another.
There's not much you can do to change the properties of light. However, you can limit or eliminate the appearance of Newton's rings by installing your glass carefully and choosing a trusted IGU manufacturer.
For instance, the rings can crop up in situations where the spacer bar between two panes of glass is too narrow. Choose a wider spacer bar and – voila! – the problem goes away.
Even the height of the installation can make a difference. Newton's rings can sometimes appear when an IGU is sealed at a different altitude to where it's installed. The difference in air pressure can cause the panes to touch, which results in the visual distortion.

This is not a manufacturing defect per se, but it does highlight the importance of clear communication. Make sure to tell your IGU manufacturer or architectural glazier exactly where the glass will be installed. This is the best way to minimise or eliminate Newton's rings and similar distortions.

Brewster's Fringes
Like Newton's rings, Brewster's Fringes are caused by the interaction of light waves – not by any inherent property of the glass.
They're hard to see and usually only appear under very particular lighting conditions. However, if you do spot them, they'll be at the point where two panes of glass are installed in parallel (in an IGU, for instance).
Brewster's Fringes appear as wavy lines or irregular shapes. If in doubt, gently poke the glass. Brewster's Fringes will change their shape in response to this light pressure.
Like many types of visual distortion, Brewster's Fringes do not indicate a manufacturing defect. In fact, they only appear in situations where high-quality glass is used.
On the bright side, they're barely ever visible. You shouldn't have to replace your glazing if Brewster's Fringes are present.

Is glass distortion getting worse?
Yes and no.
The answer's "no" because glass fabricators, processors and installers are constantly finding new ways to minimise distortion. As we've seen, visual distortions can never be eliminated, but modern glass processing techniques come close.
But the answer is also "yes". Or, rather, "no, but distortions are becoming more visible".
This is because building projects are increasingly specifying low-emissivity (low-e) glass to combat glare, manage UV transmission and improve thermal efficiency.
Low-e glass is more reflective than regular glass. This increase in reflectivity makes visual distortions more noticeable.So, keep that in mind before you write that strongly worded letter. If you're using low-e glass and notice visual distortion, it's probably not the glass's fault. ToughGlaze is a trusted UK glass processor based in Bedford. Since 1993, we've supplied high-quality glass for architecture , construction, the glazing industry and many other sectors. Need BSI-certified glass for your next project? Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

"Can toughened glass…?" Google's questions answered

Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:50:00 GMT

Toughened glass is a unique product, so it's no wonder Googlers have questions. Get the answers here.

Toughened glass is a versatile product prized for its safety, strength, heat resistance and easy maintenance. It can be used for everything from furniture to car windows and from office partitions to kitchen splashbacks.
Its key selling point is that it's super-safe. This is a direct result of the manufacturing process. The glass is heated in the furnace and then rapidly cooled. This changes the molecular composition of the glass, meaning that when it breaks it shatters into harmless smithereens.
At ToughGlaze, we believe that an informed customer is a happy customer. That's why we've put together this guide to what toughened glass can and can't do.
These questions are based on the most commonly asked queries on Google in the UK. We hope it helps you in your quest for the right materials.

1. Can toughened glass be cut to size?
The answer is "yes and no". Like standard and annealed glass, toughened glass can be manufactured to meet your exact requirements.
However, this cutting to size needs to be done before the toughening process. If you try to cut toughened glass once it's out of the furnace and cooled, it will shatter.

2. Can toughened glass crack?
Toughened glass is up to six times stronger than regular glass. However, it can still crack when subjected to enough pressure.
The difference from annealed glass is that when toughened glass breaks, it shatters into lots of small, relatively harmless pieces that are easy to clear up. This is one reason why it's classified as safety glass.

3. Can you cut toughened glass with a grinder?
No. The toughening process means the glass will shatter if you try to cut it with a grinder or any other tool. This is why toughened glass should be cut before the toughening process.

4. Can toughened glass break on its own?
On rare occasions, toughened glass can break on its own. This could be because of thermal shock or because of inclusions that are present in the glass – most commonly nickel sulfide.

These inclusions are a byproduct of the manufacturing process – tiny pebbles inside the glass that can expand over time and lead to breakage.
If you're worried about nickel sulfide inclusions , you can ask your processor to heat soak test the glass.

5. Can toughened glass be recycled?
Toughened glass can't be widely recycled like regular glass – though some clever eco-firms are working on ways to do it at scale.
It can, however, be sold on or repurposed. Sometimes, waste management services will take toughened glass off your hands.

6. Can toughened glass be drilled?
No, for the same reason that it can't be cut after manufacturing. If you drill a sheet of toughened glass, it will break into smithereens. This is why you need to ensure your glass processor knows your requirements before the glass is cut.

7. Can toughened glass be curved?
Yes. Toughened glass can be heated to its softening point, bent into a curve and then rapidly cooled. It can then be used for windows, shower enclosures, skylights, balustrades and more.
However, toughened glass can only be bent to a single radius and has the same breakage pattern when curved and straight. This means it's not ideal for structural features that are vulnerable to vandalism or extreme weather.

8. Can toughened glass be ground?
Toughened glass can't be ground after it's been manufactured. That said, you can sand and polish any scratches on the glass and grind the edges.

9. Can toughened glass be sandblasted?
Sandblasting is a decorative process whereby glass is blasted with sand to create a frosted texture. It can be used to apply designs, logos, text and other patterns onto glass.
At ToughGlaze, we provide all kinds of sandblasting, from frosted privacy glass to logo-embossed panels. Interested? Check out TG SB, our glass sandblasting solution.

10. Can toughened glass break due to heat?
Yes, toughened glass can break due to heat or "thermal stress", as it's known. But it's more resistant to thermal stress than other kinds of glass and won't be broken by day-to-day temperatures.

Thermal stress has to be taken into account when installing glass high up on a building. If it breaks, it has to do so in a way that's safe for passersby. Building Regulations document K specifies the areas of a building where safety glass is required.

11. Can toughened glass be frosted?
Yes, toughened glass can be frosted. It can be sandblasted , etched with acid or sprayed with frosted glass spray paint.
Frosted glass can be used for increased privacy, aesthetic charm, or both. The frost effect can cover the whole of a sheet of glass or pick out designs such as shapes and text.

11. Can toughened glass just shatter?
Occasionally, the news will run a horror story that a pane of toughened glass has spontaneously shattered. It's a rare occurrence that's most commonly caused by nickel sulfide inclusions .
These are small pebble-like inclusions in glass that can grow bigger over time and eventually lead to breakage.
It's impossible to completely rule out the chance of nickel sulfide inclusions in toughened glass. However, some processors offer heat soak testing . This involves checking sheets of toughened glass for inclusions and throwing away faulty products.

12. Can toughened glass be etched?
Yes, toughened glass can be etched, either with acid or sandblasting . It's important to say that a lot of skill is required to execute this job safely. Done badly, the toughened glass could shatter, leaving you with an expensive mess to clean up.

13. Can you use toughened glass for aquariums?
Yes, toughened glass can be used in the construction of aquariums, although it's not recommended as it can be vulnerable to explosion under water pressure. The thickness of the glass will depend on the water volume of the tank.

13. Can toughened glass be laminated?
Yes, toughened glass can be laminated . This involves sandwiching a PVB or EVA interlayer between two panes of toughened glass. This can be used for applications such as balustrades, balconies and walk-on floors.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened glass, cut to size ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

6 incredible glass homes from around the world

Tue, 04 Feb 2025 10:54:00 GMT

Glass-walled homes can be striking, stylish and innovative. Explore 6 examples from across the world.

In 1851, the Crystal Palace was opened in London. Designed by Joseph Paxton, it was built to house the Great Exhibition – an imperialist showcase of Britain's industrial achievements.
It wasn't the first glass building. Orangeries and glass houses had been used for tropical plants since at least the 16th century. But it was the first time glass had been used as the primary material for a large-scale building.
Since then, architects have taken Paxton's baton and run with it. All across the world, glass buildings have been designed and built to serve as galleries, offices and homes.
Of course, not all of us would like to live in a glass house. The dangers of stone-throwing aside, there's the sensitive issue of privacy. Let's just say there's a reason why glass-walled homes are primarily erected off the beaten track.
Glass has an astonishing ability to open up spaces and dissolve the boundaries between the inside and outside. The light floods in and your eyes are naturally drawn out towards the surroundings.
Here, then, are six of the best glass homes from around the world.

1. The Glass House, New Canaan, Connecticut, USA

This is the Glass House for a reason. Completed in 1949 by Philip Johnson, it's the granddaddy of glass homes.
Johnson designed this glass-walled home as his personal residence. He spent his weekends there until he died in 2005 at the age of 98.
True, the house was mainly used for entertaining, with Johnson and his partner sleeping elsewhere on the 49-acre estate.
This may have been because of the privacy issue. Many glass homes conceal their bedrooms, but the Glass House is just one room with glass walls. Only the bathroom is hidden by a small stone vestibule.
The building's importance can't be overstated. It went on to inspire a generation of architects and designers.

2. Edith Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, USA

In some ways, Edith Farnsworth House is the Glass House's twin. Like the Glass House, it was designed as living quarters – this time as the weekend getaway for nephrologist, musician and poet Dr Edith Farnsworth.
Although it was completed after the Glass House, early plans for Edith Farnsworth House inspired Johnson, who said:
"Farnsworth house, with its continuous glass walls, is an [even simpler] interpretation of an idea. Here, the purity of the cage is undisturbed. Neither the steel columns from which it is suspended nor the independent floating terrace break the taut skin."
As cages go, it's pretty attractive. Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's steel-and-glass design reflected his belief that "nature, too, shall live its own life.
"We must beware not to disrupt it with the colour of our houses and interior fittings. Yet we should attempt to bring nature, houses, and human beings together into a higher unity."
Today, Edith Farnsworth House is open for public tours.

3. The White Lodge, Oxted, Surrey, UK

In leafy Surrey, there's a remarkable sight – an ultra-modern sustainable home with a first floor that seems to hover over the rest of the building.
Designed by the couple Tony and Nicky Maude, the White Lodge is innovative and luxurious. Its open-plan sitting room is built for comfort, while its staircase, swimming pool and other features have an undeniable wow factor.
"Living here," the Maudes say, "feels like being on a permanent holiday."
This high-end family home is also full of glass, featuring a structural glass bay window, glass walls to the south and west and a glass-fronted swimming pool.
The White Lodge may be familiar to viewers of the British TV show Inside No. 9. In the episode "A Quiet Night In", two burglars break in to steal a painting. Things, however, don't quite go to plan.

4. Case Study No. 22, Stahl House, Los Angeles, USA

Perched high above Los Angeles in the Hollywood Hills, the glass-walled Stahl House is widely regarded as a masterpiece of its kind.
Designed by Pierre Koenig, it's since been used as a striking location for movies as diverse as Nurse Betty and Galaxy Quest.
It's also the site of a famous photo by Julius Shulman that may have served as inspiration for Bojack Horseman's house in the animated series of the same name.

5. Eppich House II, West Vancouver, Canada

Completed in 1988, Eppich House II is the 6,400-square-foot masterpiece by Canadian architect Arthur Erickson.
Its living quarters include five bedrooms, five bathrooms and a guest house. But like many of these glass homes, it's all about leisure, with an on-site creek, "reflecting ponds", a pool and a hot tub.
Much of the steel used to make the house's frame was provided by the Eppich family's factory. The building is famed for its curved, sculptural lines and maximisation of natural light.

6. Glass House, São Paulo, Brazil

Not to be confused with the Glass House, Glass House – or Casa de Vidro, as it's known – is architect Lina Bo Bardi's signature project.
Casa de Vidro was designed and built for the Italian-born Brazilian architect and her husband, the museum director and journalist Pietro Maria Bardi.
Perched on stilts, the Glass House boasts wrap-around glass windows and has served as a meeting place for artists. But the building itself pales in comparison to the lush, wrap-around rainforest.
It's not for nothing that it's been described as resembling a treehouse. But what a treehouse!

Conclusion
Structural glazing is often associated with the worlds of finance, commerce and art. However, it can also be used in innovative, striking ways for domestic settings.
With their collapse of the traditional boundary between inside and out and their harnessing of natural light, glass homes are wonderful places to relax, entertain or even get some work done.
It's all possible thanks to innovations in the worlds of architecture and glass fabrication. Structural glass has to be super-durable and super-customisable. At ToughGlaze, we provide just that. Explore our structural glass solutions to find out more about what we offer.

Parallelism in glass fabrication: what is it, exactly?

Mon, 27 Jan 2025 11:24:00 GMT

What is parallelism, and how does it affect the quality of glass? Learn all about it in 5 straight minutes.

How do you know if a pane of glass is good quality?
You could answer this question in different ways. You could look for assurances that it's durable, customisable, energy-efficient or transparent. You could look at the price tag. You could look for the fabricator's accreditations, online reviews and reputation.
All these factors are important. But as with many consumer goods, the quality of a sheet of glass is the result of many minute calculations and methods. These are details that may seem trivial to the untrained eye. Nevertheless, they're an important marker of quality.
Parallelism in glass fabrication is one such detail. It's a matter of minuscule measurements that contribute to the overall quality of the finished glass product.
This doesn't just matter to fabricators and quality assurance officers. It also matters to customers who want high-quality glass, no matter the application.
So, what is parallelism, and why does it matter? Let's take a closer look.

What is parallelism in glass fabrication?
Parallelism in glass fabrication is a matter of tiny measurements. It refers to the degree to which the front and back planes of a piece of glass run parallel to each other.
The more parallel those planes are, the better the product. This is true in domestic and commercial settings and covers purely functional installations, decorative displays and everything in between.
But as with many aspects of glass fabrication, perfection is not possible. Despite the scientific nature of the industry, there are simply too many variables to ensure perfect parallelism. Nevertheless, a good glass fabricator will make sure its glass products are as parallel as possible.
Side-bar: just in case you're wondering, parallelism in glass fabrication has nothing in common with parallelism in grammar or in computing.

Why is parallelism in glass fabrication important?
Parallelism in glass fabrication isn't something you can observe straight away, like warping, bowing or other types of glass distortion. It's something that only becomes apparent when installed.

Essentially, parallelism minimises distortion – distortion that can degrade the quality of light or images displayed on or transmitted through the glass.
In a window, for instance, poor parallelism will lead to poor optimal performance. The same goes for polarisers – those optical filters applied to camera lenses, tablets and other devices.
Parallelism alone won't make or break a successful fabrication job. But it's one hallmark of quality that a reputable processor will take into account and minimise wherever possible.

Can perfect parallelism be achieved?
The American football coach Vince Lombardi is quoted as saying, "Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection, we can catch excellence." This applies to glass fabrication in general and parallelism in particular.
Perfect parallelism is the stuff of fairytales. However, fabricators set limits for accuracy known as "tolerances".
We've explored the issue of glass tolerances before. In the case of parallelism, the tolerances are tiny but important.
They can be measured in three ways. First, there's transmitted wavefront error (TWE). This measures the deviation in degrees of a wavefront when a beam is transmitted through glass.
Secondly, there's total thickness variation (TTV). This measures the difference between the minimum and maximum thickness of the glass. Thickness variations can be brought down to less than one micrometre (0.001 millimetres).
Finally, parallelism can be measured in arcseconds. An arcsecond is one-sixtieth of an arcminute, which in turn is one-sixtieth of a degree. Fabricators will typically set tolerance levels somewhere between a few arcseconds and five arcminutes.
As you can see, it gets very technical very quickly. But the key takeaway is clear. These are tiny measurements that contribute to the overall quality of the glass.
And because they're so tiny, you need to work with a glass fabricator or processor that knows its micrometres from its millimetres and has the equipment to minimise parallelism as much as possible. The same goes for other kinds of glass distortion.

What other kinds of glass distortion are there?
Like parallelism, glass distortion can't be eradicated. However, it can be minimised by good manufacturing practices at state-of-the-art facilities.
Other common kinds of glass distortion include:

Roller wave distortion. This causes images reflected in the glass to appear rippled. We've covered it in more detail here .
Bowing and warping. This is when the pane isn't perfectly flat.
Anisotropy or iridescence. This is a type of distortion most commonly seen in heat-treated glass. Stress patterns in the glass's cross-section become visible, leading to parts of the glass appearing darker than others.
Optical distortion. This is a more general term that refers to imperfections in the way sunlight or artificial light passes through the glass.
Pillowing. This type of glass distortion is found in insulated glass units (IGUs). It results in the cavity between the glass panes expanding and contracting as the temperature changes.

We'll say it again: distortion in glass fabrication can't be eradicated. To some degree, it's an inevitable byproduct of the manufacturing process. But if you want distortion to be reduced to its bare minimum, you need to work with a reputable, experienced glass processor.

How we can help
At ToughGlaze, we prioritise quality in our glass products. This goes for our whole range, from plain toughened and laminated glass to customised decorative glass products .
Part of this involves minimising distortion in our glass products wherever possible. We strive for optimal parallelism and minimal optical distortion. We also provide heat soak testing on request to minimise the chances of nickel sulfide inclusions in your glass.
Everything is done here at our state-of-the-art facilities. We cut, fire, treat and deliver products to clients all over the world.
So, if you're looking for high-quality glass in all its forms, get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote . We look forward to hearing from you.

What type of balustrade fixing do I need?

Fri, 24 Jan 2025 09:00:00 GMT

Unsure what kind of fixings you need for a glass balustrade? Get the answers you need in our guide.

The glass industry has two priorities: aesthetics and safety. Both have equal weight. Asking which is more important is like asking whether hydrogen or oxygen is more critical to the chemical makeup of water.
This is nowhere more clearly seen than in structural glazing. This is an umbrella term that refers to all manner of glass wonders: from walk-on floors to staircases, from curtain walls to balustrades.
In fact, the very word "balustrade" could symbolise this balance between functionality and beauty. The word derives from the Italian balaustra, meaning "pomegranate flower". From carved stone balustrades in palaces and stately homes to glass balustrades in modern homes and offices, the balustrade is there to impress.
It's also there to stop you from falling. From one point of view, a balustrade is just a glorified railing. If it doesn't keep people safe, it's an ornament, not a balustrade.
For this reason, glass balustrades are regulated, and particular fixings are required to ensure their stability. But which fixings do you need for your installation? Let's find out.

The importance of fixings

Fixings attach your balustrade to the wall, balcony, floor or stairs. Above all, they must be strong enough to join the glass panels and stainless steel posts to their surroundings.
But simply keeping the structure in place isn't enough. Fixings also have to support the structure so it can withstand pressure from the weather and any knocks or bumps from humans and animals.
As with balustrades in general, fixings aren't purely functional. They also contribute to the aesthetic of the finished structure. Glass balustrades are famed for their sleek, modern look. Getting the right fixings contributes to that seamless look.

What types of fixings are there?

There's a wide range of fixings for glass balustrades on the market. We're going to look at types, not products – although we will beat the drum for the "secret" fixings we stock here at ToughGlaze.
First, there are channel fixings. These secure the glass panels into a metal channel. This channel can either be cut into the floor or mounted on it.
Wet glaze channels hold the panels in place with a sealant. Dry glaze channels use gaskets or pressure plates instead.
Next, there are spigot fixings. These are clamps that hold the glass panels up. These are typically attached at the bottom of the structure for an uncluttered, frameless appearance.
Post fixings attach the glass panels directly to the frame. This is, however, used only for framed glass balustrades.
Finally, there are standoff fixings. These attach glass panels to a surface but leave a gap in between. These could be called "float-away" fixings rather than standoff fixings, as the glass appears to hover and float.
At ToughGlaze, we have the exclusive UK licence for Fischer's "secret fix" system. These are undercut fixings that hide the seams entirely, giving your glass balustrade a sleek, unbroken look.

What fixings do I need?

This depends on the nature of the installation. First and foremost, it depends on whether your glass balustrade will be framed or frameless.
If it's framed, stainless steel fixings can be drilled into the frame. If it's frameless, however, you can choose between spigot fixings, channel fixings, standoff fixings or secret fix undercut fixings.
More specifically, your choice of fixings will depend on the loading requirements of the area where the balustrade will be installed. If, for instance, your balustrade is for a staircase that will see a lot of human traffic, you may need post or channel fixings for added heft.
If the balustrade is going to be installed externally, you should choose corrosion-resistant fixings. This is to ensure they don't lose their lustre to the wind and rain.
It will also depend on the material or materials to which the balustrade will be fixed. This is technical stuff, and you may find that you need advice from your glass supplier. They will need to know the dimensions of the balustrade and a detailed overview of the materials involved.

Finally, it's a question of aesthetics. Post fixings provide a traditional (even industrial) look, whereas spigot, standoff and undercut fixings are ideal for a sleek, modern look.

What kind of glass is used for glass balustrades?

Glass balustrades are often installed high up. If they shatter, people below could be injured. That's why glass balustrades are often made out of glass that's been both toughened and laminated.
Laminated glass can withstand a lot of force – after all, this is the type of glass used for windows, doors and other external features in hurricane zones.
And when it does break, it doesn't shatter like annealed or toughened glass . Instead, it stays in the frame with a series of cracks like a spider's web across the surface.

What are the UK regulations regarding glass balustrades?

In the UK, there are regulations regarding the thickness and height of glass balustrades. These depend on two things: the balustrade's location and its use.
In domestic settings, the minimum thickness of glass for balustrades is 10mm. In low-risk commercial areas, it's six millimetres. In high-risk areas such as swimming pools, it has to be 12mm.
In residential properties, glass balustrades must meet height regulations. An external balustrade must have a minimum height of 1,100mm, an internal balustrade 900mm and a balustrade near opening windows 800mm.
These regulations are covered in detail in the Building Regulations and Approved Documents. They're there to ensure that glass balustrades are safe to be around.

Conclusion

At ToughGlaze, we're excited by the possibilities of architectural glazing . Glass balustrades, whether framed or frameless, can make a building shine while ensuring maximum safety for its occupants and visitors.
We stock both high-quality toughened laminated glass for balustrades and seamless fixings. Together, they can create a balustrade that will give your building an elegant, modern look.
So, if you're looking for high-quality balustrade glass, get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

The role of smart glass in sustainable building design

Mon, 20 Jan 2025 10:31:00 GMT

Smart glass is futuristic and classy. But did you know it can also be eco-friendly? Find out more in our article.

Smart glass is cool. It's a glass product with adjustable transparency. Want a crystal-clear view? You've got it. Want privacy? It's a button away. Want something in between? You can choose the precise level of translucency your heart desires.
Yes, it's cool alright – and some of its applications might make you think it's little more than an expensive toy. Consumer applications tend to be at the high-end end of the spectrum. Sunroofs of fancy-schmancy cars. Balcony doors in fancy-schmancy apartments. Windows on fancy-schmancy planes.
But smart glass is so much more than just a touch of classy fun. In medical settings, it can be used to provide privacy to patients. And in architecture, it can be used to make buildings more sustainable.
Sustainability has never been higher on the list of priorities for architects, designers and businesses. They're all looking for ways to balance environmental concerns with profit-making.
Sure, you can hire a private company to manage your recycling. You can hold webinars on sustainability. You can adopt a remote or hybrid working model to cut transport emissions.
But if your HQ isn't eco-friendly, all this is a time-consuming shot in the dark.
Smart glass is a forward-thinking, versatile product that can make buildings more green and more chic. Why? It's all about energy efficiency.

Why is smart glass energy efficient?

The architect Norman Foster once said, "The buildings of the future will not be cold, lifeless and dark steel and glass boxes. Rather, they will be structures that breathe, generate their own power, and are alive with nature."
Sounds good! Sounds… expensive?
Well, there's no getting around the fact that the initial installation costs of smart glass are at the higher end. But like other energy-efficient types of glass, it has an equally high ROI.
First and foremost, smart glass helps regulate the ambient temperature of a building. It acts as an insulator, reducing the amount of heat entering and leaving the building.

This makes it easier to heat the building and actively hard to waste money.
What's more, smart glass can, by definition, adjust the amount of light as well as heat that passes through a building.
Too often, businesses fritter away money on artificial lighting. Smart glass reduces the need with improved solar control.
That's the environmental case for smart glass. But it can bring a host of other benefits.

1. Aesthetics

Many businesses aim for a sleek, modern look. One that says, "We're looking to the future, and we've got the funds to look the part". Smart glass sends this message in spades.
Picture the scene. You go for a meeting at an office. Your lanyard lights up the turnstile. Elegant signage points you to the boardroom.
The meeting starts, and the chairperson asks if you want privacy. The topic is a little sensitive, so you say yes. With the click of a button, the walls go from transparent to opaque.
That's just one example of the aesthetic potential of smart glass. You can also have facades that change transparency depending on the time of day. You can even use smart glass as a projection screen for images and videos.

2. Versatility

Want to adjust the appearance of your building or office based on the time of day or even time of year? Smart glass can make it happen.
And when it comes to the design, the sky's the limit. Your smart glass can be cut to meet your exact requirements, both in terms of measurements and shape.

3. Privacy and security

Leaving aside the environmental benefits of smart glass, it's essentially a kind of digital blind or digital pair of curtains. It gives you privacy on demand at the touch of a button.
It can also increase your security. A commercial building, for instance, can shield its contents from view at nighttime.
And if it's made out of toughened or heat-strengthened glass , it can be super-durable.

Toughened glass is a type of safety glass that's designed to break in a particular – and particularly safe – way. Unlike annealed glass, which breaks into large, jagged shards, toughened glass breaks into lots of tiny pieces.
And heat-strengthened glass, while not quite as sturdy as toughened glass, is around twice as strong as annealed glass. When laminated with toughened glass, it provides the benefits of all worlds – impressive strength and the tendency to remain in its frame if the glass breaks.
When we say "laminated", we mean "joined together with a plastic interlayer". This creates laminated glass . Smart glass is, by its nature, a type of laminated glass – the smart technology is woven into the interlayer itself.

4. Low maintenance

When George Formby sings about cleaning windows, he makes it sound like a lot of fun. Heck, maybe you think it's a lot of fun too. But for most people, most of the time, cleaning windows is a drag.
Smart glass, by contrast, is easy to clean. It can quickly and easily wiped down with a soft cloth and some glass cleaner.

About TG SWITCH

Here at ToughGlaze, we have our own switchable smart glass : TG SWITCH. Like all our products, it's made right here at our state-of-the-art facilities – and like all our products, it's compliant with industry standards and can be cut to meet your precise requirements.
There are different kinds of smart glass on the market. Ours uses a third-generation NPRLC film and a water-resistant interlayer.
It can be used for both framed and frameless applications – and it can be seamlessly integrated with your smart home or smart office systems. You can hook it up to our user-friendly smartphone app or your own smart assistant.
So, if you're in the market for some durable, versatile, made-to-measure smart glass, get in touch with us today for a quick, competitive quote. We'd love to get you the right materials for the job.

Is photovoltaic glass the future of architecture?

Fri, 17 Jan 2025 09:15:00 GMT

Photovoltaic glass turns windows into solar panels. Learn more about this innovative architectural solution.

By now, we're all familiar with the sight of solar panels, whether on the roofs of buildings or laid out on the ground. They're an eco-friendly innovation that forms a key part of the UK's sustainability strategy.
Long live solar panels, we say. But they do have one drawback. They're big, chunky things, taking up space in a way that not every property owner likes.
What if your building could be installed with solar panels that do the same job without spoiling the view? That's the promise of solar windows – see-through solar panels that convert sunlight into green power.
Solar glazing is made from photovoltaic glass – and some say it will be a key material going forward.
Are they right? Let's find out a bit more about this state-of-the-art innovation in glass.

How does photovoltaic glass work?

Photovoltaic glass sandwiches transparent thin-film solar cells between two sheets of glass. This absorbs sunlight and converts it into green energy. Unlike traditional solar panels, it has two functions: it works as a building component and as an energy generator.
And it can be installed wherever you currently have a piece of regular glass: your home, your office or your car. It can also replace existing pieces of structural glazing, including skylights and curtain walls.
In London's Canary Wharf, there's even a photovoltaic bus shelter . This innovative structure provides power to smart signage and other infrastructure on the Canary Wharf estate – and it can do so even when light is low.
Meanwhile, in Geneva, construction is underway on a complex for the humanitarian organisation Doctors Without Borders. This design, dubbed "colours for humanity", utilises large quantities of photovoltaic glass.
Around 40% of the curtain wall will be made using transparent solar cells. It will have multi-coloured, energy-generating, fully operational windows.

What are the advantages of photovoltaic glass?

There are four main advantages of photovoltaic glass. All four derive from its combination of traditional glass functionality with electricity generation.

The first advantage is that photovoltaic glass can be installed with minimal or no change to the design or appearance of a building. It's not 100% transparent, but slitted variations exist for maximum light penetration.
Secondly, it's sustainable. After all, this is a glass version of a solar panel. It's ideal for homeowners and businesses looking to slash their energy costs and reduce their carbon footprints.
Thirdly, it's forward-thinking. Many businesses see that sustainability has an extra perk. As well as helping them act in line with climate targets, it shows customers that they take their civic responsibilities seriously and are willing to adapt to developments in tech.
Finally, it's versatile. Photovoltaic glass can be installed in double- or triple-glazing units and comes in a variety of colours, patterns and gradients.
It's not all rosy, of course. Photovoltaic glass is more expensive than regular glass, meaning that, at present, it's not an option for many homeowners and businesses.
Moreover, its effectiveness depends on the amount of direct sunlight it receives. Every building has a roof that can soak up ultraviolet and infrared light. But this isn't true of glass facades and windows.
Despite these obstacles, photovoltaic glass could be the future of sustainable architectural glazing. But it's just one solution among many. What else does the future hold?

What other sustainable glass products are there?

Photovoltaic glass is just one piece of the puzzle. Other innovative products include smart glass , electricity-generating glass bricks, solar blinds and even solar-powered trees.
Smart glass has been around for a while now. It lets you switch a pane of glass from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button. This gives you greater control over the heat coming in and out of your property, meaning greater control over your energy bills and carbon emissions.
Meanwhile, British company Build Solar has created glass bricks that generate electricity from solar power. This can be used to replace the glazing in buildings, offices and bus shelters.

Build Solar says that these glass bricks "look better than solar panels and take up less space", making them "an eco-friendly alternative to current building materials".
Nearly 7,000 miles away, a manmade forest in Singapore features solar-powered trees. These harness solar energy to power lights and air vents while providing shade to locals. These fantastical-looking structures also boast a vertical garden and can clean rainwater.
Solar panels can be an eyesore or, at the very least, an unavoidable sight. What if they could be installed at sea? Ocean Sun has created floating platforms to protect solar panels from the rigours of the sea.
Finally, there are solar blinds. These are blinds fitted with flexible solar panels that can roll over windows. This is ideal for people who want to harness solar power but live in a shared building and don't have access to the roof.

Why is photovoltaic glass important?

Photovoltaic glass is cool. It could also help the planet cool down.
It's a glass product that can help reduce the carbon footprint of buildings and help countries the world over reach net zero. This is an initiative designed to cut or offset emissions.
Architects have always been at the forefront of sustainable design, so it's no wonder that photovoltaic glass and other eco-friendly glass products are being embraced by the industry.

Is toughened glass eco-friendly?

Here at ToughGlaze, we specialise in toughened and laminated glass . As well as being super-sturdy and versatile, it's a great way to make your home or business premises more energy-efficient.
This is because it keeps the heat in when it's cold and out when it's hot. The result? An aesthetically pleasing, durable and endlessly customisable product that will have you reaching for the thermostat less and less – a boon to your wallet and your carbon emissions.
ToughGlaze is a UK-based commercial glass company with more than 30 years of experience. To catch up on more glass industry news, follow our expert blog .

How long does laminated glass last?

Mon, 13 Jan 2025 17:18:00 GMT

Laminated glass is famous for its durability. But how long does it last? Get the facts in our 5-minute explainer.

Laminated glass has a good reputation. It's durable, safe and energy-efficient. It's exceptionally hard to break – and when it does, it maintains its structural integrity, not a single shard in sight.
Yes, there's a reason that laminated glass is the glass product of choice for architects building homes and offices in areas vulnerable to hurricanes. To say it's "sturdy" is an understatement.
But how long does it last? It's a question that matters to architects, designers and businesses. After all, glass is an investment. You want to be sure that you're getting your money's worth over time.
Short answer: laminated glass can stay intact for anywhere between 25 and 50 years. Long answer: it all depends on multiple factors, including where it's installed, how it's maintained and what's going on in the surrounding environment.
What are these factors? It all begins in the factory.

What factors affect the lifespan of laminated glass?

The durability of laminated glass begins with the manufacturing process.
It's a complex product, with two sheets of glass encasing a plastic interlayer. These three components need to be of good quality – and they need to be bonded well.
Low-grade PVB (the plastic often used for interlayers) will lead to wear and tear. Cutting corners in the manufacturing process will mean the elements aren't bonded securely. These defects in the factory mean defects in the final installation.
Even so, you could install the world's best panel of laminated glass and still not get your money's worth. That's because the installation itself can affect the glass's lifespan.
If glazing is poorly fitted, moisture can enter the unit. Over time, this can spoil the interlayer, meaning you'll have to replace the window sooner than necessary.
The final factor that can reduce the lifespan of laminated glass is out of your control: the environment. Extreme temperature, high humidity and high UV radiation can all shave years off its life.
The environment may be out of your control – but getting the best glass in class isn't. A reputable glass processor will design its products to stay in good shape in spite of these factors.

Does the application of laminated glass affect its lifespan?

Laminated glass is a versatile product. It can be used in residential homes for windows, doors and skylights. It can be used in shops for storefronts, cabinets and security windows. It can be used in offices for partitions and facades. And it can be used in cars and lorries for windscreens.
In all these settings, laminated glass should have roughly the same lifespan. Car windscreens are the one exception. Their constant exposure to the elements means they can have slightly less longevity. Even so, we're still looking at decades rather than years.

How can you increase the longevity of laminated glass?

One word for you: maintenance.
To ensure longevity, you need to clean your laminated glass regularly. Abrasive cleaners can damage the glass surface and the interlayer, so go for soap, water and a microfibre cloth instead.
You should also inspect laminated glass windows regularly for cracks or gaps in the seals. These let moisture in, which can damage the interlayer. If you see a gap, get it caulked as soon as possible.
Customers in hot climates should be aware that UV radiation can damage laminated glass over time. For this reason, you should either invest in glass designed to withstand strong sunlight or apply a UV-protective film or coating.
Finally, there's the question of impact. Laminated glass is extremely hard to break. But when it does, it's going to cost you. Obviously, you can't stop a vandal, terrorist or hurricane from damaging your beautiful glass. But you can take care when moving heavy objects near it.

How does laminated glass compare to other types of glass?

Laminated glass has a similar lifespan to toughened glass . The main difference is the way toughened glass breaks. Rather than staying in its frame, it shatters into lots of small harmless pieces.

Annealed glass, however, is much less durable than laminated glass. Well-maintained and free from impact, however, it can last for years.

Who invented laminated glass?

Laminated glass is one of those fascinating products that was invented by accident.
A brilliant yet clumsy chemist named Édouard Bénédictus dropped a glass flask and noted with surprise that it shattered but stayed intact. He figured out that this was because it had been coated with cellulose nitrate.
Inspired, Bénédictus set about patenting laminated glass. It's thanks to his happy accident that glazing in cars, homes and offices is now so much safer. Chapeau , Édouard, chapeau!

What is the oldest piece of glass in the world?

So far, we've been talking about the lifespan of laminated glass as a matter of decades. But some pieces of glass have been around for thousands of years.
The oldest known piece of glass is a small bead unearthed in present-day Iraq. Scientists believe it to date from 3100 BC. It's a piece of natural glass formed when a meteorite hit the sand.

What are the benefits of laminated glass?

Laminated glass increases safety by staying intact when struck. In a car crash, for instance, this can be a difference between life and death. The same goes for bomb blasts, hurricanes, earthquakes and other extreme impacts. It helps keep intruders out, increasing safety in homes, offices and stores.
But it can also play a role in improving a business's energy efficiency. Less heat enters the building, meaning you're less likely to reach for the air con. This insulating layer simultaneously helps reduce noise pollution.
These benefits add up to a safe, durable, energy-efficient product that's also highly customisable. It can be coloured or given a decorative interlayer . It can be digitally printed with a logo or other design. It can even be made switchable – able to change from opaque to transparent at the click of a button.
Here at ToughGlaze, our laminated glass is processed in-house and meets BS EN and EN ISO standards. If you're in the market for some high-quality, custom-cut laminated glass , don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

Can you soundproof glass without replacing it?

Fri, 10 Jan 2025 13:35:00 GMT

Looking to soundproof a building without replacing the windows? Discover 5 solutions in our guide.

Are you sick of loud neighbours, traffic or other noise pollution? Do you want more privacy inside your home? Are you a musician worried the neighbours hate you? You may want to look into soundproofing your windows.
"Great!" you think. But an obstacle immediately arises. Do you have to get your windows replaced with acoustic glass?
The simple answer is no. There's no reason why you shouldn't get the peace and quiet you desire without getting the installers in. You just need to know your window and pick your method, making sure not to block ventilation in the process.
That said, good-quality acoustic glass brings advantages that some of these methods lack. As well as getting a professional installation, you can enhance the energy efficiency and security of your windows.
But before we explore your options for acoustic glass, here are five soundproofing methods you can try – no replacement or installation required.

What kind of windows do you have?

Before you decide on your soundproofing method, you need to know what kind of windows you have. This is because the optimal solution will change from window to window, depending on factors such as size, glazing, the condition of the frame and the sealant type.
A double-glazed window, for instance, will need less soundproofing than a single-pane equivalent. And if you're going to mount materials on or around the window, you need to know its exact measurements along with any awkward or unusual shapes and angles.
You also need to be clear about whether this soundproofing solution is for the short-, medium- or long-term. Are you trying to block out a temporary construction job across the road or permanently muffle the sound coming in and out of the building? This will also affect your choice of solution.

Method 1: Seal gaps and cracks

Sometimes, noise pollution is caused by the thickness (or thinness) of the glass. At other times, however, it's because of gaps and cracks in the surrounding frame.

If your problem belongs to the second category, you can seal the gaps with acoustic caulk or weatherstripping tape.
These materials are applied along the edges and corners of the frame, creating an airtight seal. Weatherstripping tape can also be applied to the gap between the window and the windowsill.

Method 2: Use soundproof curtains or drapes

Soundproofing materials absorb sound. For this reason, curtains and drapes can be a simple and cost-effective way to minimise noise.
Any heavy curtain or drape will do, but specially designed products are available from homeware stores and online retailers.
The biggest drawback is, well, you have to draw them back. They're good for nighttime noise exclusion but won't do the job around the clock.

Method 3: Apply soundproof window film

Soundproofing can be achieved to a reasonable standard by applying adhesive window films directly to the glass.
It does the job and can be cut to size and applied in minutes. If you're not ready to invest in high-quality soundproofed windows, adhesive films can be a decent alternative.

Method 4: Apply clear acrylic panels or carbon panels

Clear acrylic panels can be fitted to your window frame to block sound but not light. They won't block the sound as completely as specialised soundproofing glass – but if you're just looking to minimise noise pollution, they're a good place to start.
Be aware, however, that clear acrylic panels are effectively an additional window. If you go cheap, you may end up with a solution that lacks both the rigour and the aesthetic appeal of acoustic glass.
You could also explore carbon panels as an option. These are especially good at absorbing low frequencies. However, it's important to note that, unlike acrylic panels, these are black-out screens.

Method 5: Apply foam insulation

If there are cracks in the window frame cavity, you can caulk them with foam insulation. Your best bet is to use foam that expands within the crack to ensure complete coverage.

What are the advantages of soundproof glass?

This might seem like a daft question. The advantage of soundproof glass is that it soundproofs your home, dummy.

We get your point. But did you know that soundproof glass has other advantages for your home?
It's all because of its structure. Soundproof glass comprises two or more sheets of glass bound together with an acoustic polymer interlayer. This interlayer is invisible to the naked eye. Good-quality acoustic glass is indistinguishable from any other kind of transparent glass.
The primary role of this interlayer is, of course, to reduce any sound coming through the window in both directions. But it also increases the toughness.
It's more difficult to break than ordinary glass, meaning peace of mind with regard to security. And from a safety point of view, it's harder to break. In the event of a breakage, any shards will stick to the interlayer and pose only a minimal safety hazard.
It's also better for heat control. Soundproof glass can help trap heat inside a building. This means you're less likely to reach for the thermostat when it gets cold. This is good for your energy bills and for the planet.

What soundproof glass should I get?

If you're in the market for soundproof glass, there are plenty of options out there. But look, we're not shy about it: our TG AG acoustic glass is just what you need to improve soundproofing, energy efficiency and security.
Like all of our products, it has the Kitemark stamp of approval and is manufactured in line with BS-EN standards.
We cut it to size right here at our state-of-the-art facilities. We deliver it, too.
TG AG is customisable. It can be fire-rated , made switchable , digitally printed with a logo or other design, made fit to walk on – in terms of applications, the sky is pretty much the limit.
So, what are you waiting for? If it's soundproof glass you're after, TG AG is a reliable and versatile choice. Feel free to get in touch with any questions or request a quick, competitive quote.

How to break toughened glass in an emergency

Mon, 06 Jan 2025 13:11:00 GMT

Toughened glass is built to withstand force. So, how do you break it in an emergency? Find out in our guide.

Toughened glass is a product built for a purpose. It's built to be stronger than standard float glass. And it's built to break in a way that will minimise the chances of injury to passersby.
Yes, toughened glass is tough as nails. In some building scenarios, it's mandatory. But this presents a problem: how do you break it if you really, really need to?
Obviously, we're not encouraging any kind of criminal activity or property damage. We're talking about emergencies when a window or other glass surface needs to be penetrated – either for your own safety or the safety of a person or persons within.
In this article, we take a closer look at toughened glass – what it is, how it breaks and how to break it in an emergency. But before we go any further, we should make one thing clear.
Nine times out of 10, there shouldn't be any need to break the glass. In a building, you should use the emergency exit wherever possible. In a vehicle, there should never be a need to break the window or windscreen from the inside.
Toughened glass should only be broken as an absolute last resort. This is advice we hope you never have to use!

What is toughened glass?

Toughened glass is glass that's been heated at a high temperature and then rapidly cooled or "quenched". This manufacturing process results in a product that's clear and strong – and one which has a unique breaking pattern.
See, if a pane of toughened glass gets smashed, it doesn't break into dangerous shards. Instead, it shatters into smithereens – tiny interlocking pebbles that are far less likely to cause injury and are much easier to sweep up.
Toughened glass is used in all sorts of applications – wherever extra safety is needed. In some "critical locations", it's required by building regulations.

Toughened glass isn't the same as laminated glass . This is a glass product made from two panes of glass sandwiching a plastic interlayer. When laminated glass breaks, a pattern of cracks like a spider's web spreads across the outer surface – but crucially, the glass stays in its unit.
Laminated glass can be found in car windscreens, jeweller's cabinets, glazing in hurricane zones, and many more places.
Both toughened glass and laminated glass are classified as safety glass. This differs from security glass, which is designed to withstand deliberate brute force – bombs, bullets and bandits, as we say in the industry.
Toughened glass is tough stuff. So, if you're in an emergency and you need to break it, what's to be done?

How should you break toughened glass in an emergency?

There are several ways you can break toughened glass in an emergency situation.
The first is obvious: use a piece of metal or a brick. Remember that toughened glass is designed to withstand force, so you'll need to use some welly – and a sharp edge if possible.
If the toughened glass you need to break is a car window, you can use the metal prongs at the bottom of the car headrest.
These methods are makeshift. If you want to be prepared for anything, you could invest in a safety hammer or a spring-loaded steel cutter. Both of these will shatter toughened glass with ease.
We mentioned that toughened glass breaks into smithereens. This makes it much safer to break than standard annealed glass. However, if you have time on your side, you can do yourself a favour by covering the window in duct tape. This will make the broken pieces stick to the tape, making it easier to clean up.
If you want to reduce the noise of the breakage, you can put a blanket between the glass and your tool.

What safety precautions should you take?

Safety glass may be safe, but you still need to take safety precautions in the unfortunate event that you need to break it.

If you're lucky (or prepared for anything) you'll have protective gear to hand. Safety goggles, safety gloves and work boots can all be beneficial should you need to break toughened glass.
Chances are, however, that the emergency will call for improvisation. You could use a jacket to cover your hand, for instance. If you do need to kick the glass, make sure you're wearing heavy-soled shoes. And if you want to reduce the noise, cover the glass with either a blanket or some duct tape.

What is fire-rated glass?

Fire-rated glass is designed to stop the spread of fire and toxic smoke. This gives people longer to escape – and the emergency services longer to arrive.
Fire-rated glass comes in several forms. Some are made of several layers of toughened glass and intumescent interlayers. Others from a single sheet of specially prepared toughened glass. The earliest forms of fire-resistant glass used wire mesh to hold two sheets of float glass together.

What is emergency egress?

"Emergency egress" is a construction term that refers to escape routes from buildings. It covers the routes themselves as well as emergency lighting, panic bars, egress windows and more.
Egress windows are windows that can be used as an emergency exit in the event of a fire. They can also be used as an entry point for the fire services.
In the UK, windows have to meet several robust regulations before they can be classified as egress windows.
For instance, they must meet specific measurements – both the size of the window and how far it can open. They must be accessible from all habitable rooms, be easy to open and meet a specific standard of impact resistance.
This is far from an exhaustive list – but it gives you an idea of the stringent regulations required for a window to count as an egress window.
Are you looking for high-quality safety or security glass ? Don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for tabletops: 5 unique and unusual ideas

Fri, 03 Jan 2025 08:53:00 GMT

Are you looking for ways to make a glass tabletop stand out? Explore 5 creative options in our guide.

ToughGlaze has been in the glass industry since 1993. And if there's one thing we've learnt, it's that the world of glass never stands still.
It's a long way from the glassblowers of Renaissance Italy to the glass skyscrapers of the 20th century. But for all its changes, some things never change. Glass manufacturers are always looking for novel ways to balance beauty and utility.
Glass has to be durable. It has to be easy to maintain. But it also has to be beautiful, whether it's a single pane of transparent glass or a Gothic church window.
Not everyone, however, realises the options they have at their fingertips. Take, for instance, glass tabletops.
We all know what a glass tabletop looks like. But did you know you can get it customised to have a textile or mesh effect? That it can be any shade of any colour? That it can be printed with text, images and other designs? That you can press a button and watch it turn opaque?
Yes, when it comes to glass tabletops, the sky is pretty much the limit. We hope this article helps you hit on a unique and unusual idea that works for you.

1. Fabric, mesh or coloured interlayers

One of the simplest and most versatile ways to achieve a decorative tabletop effect is by using interlayers. These are textured or coloured layers that sit between panes of glass.
The choices are pretty much endless. You can experiment with fabric, mesh or colours to achieve the effect you want.
Fabric interlayers add ethereal beauty to your tabletop. Mesh patterns , whether bronze, copper, brass or stainless steel, can conjure up anything from delicate arabesques to sturdy industrial designs.
Meanwhile, the sky's the limit when it comes to colour. At ToughGlaze, customers choose from Vanceva Color Studio's 13-colour palette. Thirteen colours may not sound like a lot – but they can be mixed in literally thousands of combinations.

But decorative doesn't mean dainty. These interlayers can be laminated between sheets of toughened glass for maximum durability – and they're waterproof, so you needn't fear spillages.
All in all, interlayers are a great way to unlock your imagination, express your personality and make your tabletop blend in with its surroundings.

2. Digitally printed glass

Digital printing is one way to get texts and graphics onto glass. And these days, the technology is capable of achieving high-resolution, almost photorealistic results.
It would be quicker to say what you can't get printed onto glass. The smell of lavender, for instance, or the concept of betrayal. Anything else can be applied to glass – and made to last.
With digital printing, your glass tabletop can become a map, a menu or a work of art. It can be personalised or made to reflect your brand identity. It can be quirky, elegant, outrageous or staid. It's all up to you.
And these days, digital printing is long-lasting. Work with a reputable processor and you can get a design that will last for as long as the glass itself.

3. Sandblasted glass

Sandblasting is a type of frosting. It involves blasting abrasive particles at glass to create a frosted effect.
When applied to a whole sheet of glass, it creates an opaque (or heavily translucent) effect. Applied using a stencil, it can add a design of your choice.
Perhaps you want to eat your meals or rest your coffee table books on an elegantly frosted surface. Or perhaps you want to customise it with a design of your choice. Whichever way you go, sandblasting can get you there.

4. Switchable smart glass

Switchable smart glass is a modern marvel. The premise is simple: it's glass that can change from transparent to opaque with just the click of a button. But its applications are broad.

At the moment, smart glass tends to be found in upmarket hotels and offices or on electric vehicle sunroofs. But why not use it to create a tabletop that changes transparency?
The beauty of a smart glass tabletop is that it draws attention to what's underneath. "Alexa, turn on the table," you could say, and reveal an arcade machine, foosball table or funky piece of art.
Smart glass makes a statement. Whatever you go for, it will catch the eye and start conversations. But it doesn't have to be for anyone else. It can just be a cool addition to your home that makes you happy.
It can also be a striking addition to a business. In a restaurant, for instance, the tabletop could turn transparent to show customers the menu. In your office waiting room, it could reveal games, branding or information about your company.
So, if you want to add class to your glass, smart glass can be a smart move.

5. Illuminated glass

What's the most important thing in a room? Is it a tangible element like the furniture, the pictures or the drapes? Or is it something more ambient, less tangible, like the temperature, the smell and the lighting?
Chances are you have your own answer to this question. But one thing's for sure: lighting is essential to the comfort and stimulation a room can provide.
In most rooms, the light comes from, well, lights, whether overhead or tabletop lamps. But have you ever considered getting a light-up glass tabletop ?
This is a great way to add light, colour and vibrancy to your interior. And if you work with the right glass processor, you can get your illuminated glass digitally printed with any design. The result: modern-day stained glass to dazzle and delight.
Are you looking for toughened or laminated glass sheets for a tabletop? At ToughGlaze, we cut high-quality glass to your requirements. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass industry trends and predictions for 2025

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 07:47:00 GMT

The glass industry is developing all the time. What could 2025 bring? Track the trends in our guide.

The glass industry never sleeps. You might think it's one of those evergreen industries that simply provides essential products year on year. In fact, it's changing all the time.
Standard glass products are becoming ever more thermally efficient, durable and secure. Meanwhile, novel products like self-cleaning glass, smart glass and ultra-thin glass are growing in demand.
The current drive for sustainability in the construction industry means thermally efficient glass has never been more in demand. Meanwhile, a construction boom in APAC and Latin America is sending traditional glass products into a boom period.
Here at ToughGlaze, we embrace changes in the industry and are always looking for ways to upgrade our processes and products.
We don't have a crystal ball and we can't tell you exactly how the glass industry will change in 2025. However, industry data suggests there are several areas set for expansion. Here are five of them.

1. Environmental solutions

For many architects, designers and clients, sustainability is now a top priority. And it looks as though glass will play a significant role in the pursuit of carbon neutrality. Low-E glass and solar control glass are both expected to skyrocket in sales in the coming year.
The automotive market, too, has a renewed appetite for glass thanks to the rise of electric vehicles. Many have an enhanced design where the windscreen, roof and rear window are one integrated panel. This isn't just about style – it also maximises the amount of sunlight that can enter the vehicle.
Most models use laminated glass for windscreens and side door windows. This is a type of glass that sandwiches a plastic interlayer between two panes of glass. The result is a type of safety glass that can withstand substantial pressure.
When laminated glass breaks, it maintains its structural integrity. The affected pane cracks but doesn't shatter. This has long been the material for car windscreens. The growth of the EV industry ensures it will continue to be in demand in 2025.

2. Flat glass

The flat glass market is never out of demand. But it could be entering a boom period as automotive and construction industries pick up across the world.
It's not just that areas like Latin America are heavily investing in buildings that need flat glass. It's also that governments across the world are investing in solar panels and retrofitting buildings to improve their energy efficiency.
The protective shield you see on solar panels is made from flat glass, as are many smart glass technologies.
It's a testament to the versatility of flat glass that it's gone from being a staple product to a critical component in forward-thinking technologies.
The global flat glass market size was estimated at $311.44 billion in 2025 – and it's forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% from 2025 to 2030.

3. Ultra-thin glass

TVs. Computers. Laptops. Smartphones. Smart watches. Sensors. Energy storage devices. Semiconductors. None of them could exist in their current form were it not for ultra-thin glass.
The global market is growing all the time thanks to rising demand for flat panel displays in China, the USA, South Korea and India. As long as people buy TVs, computers and laptops, ultra-thin glass will be in demand.
This growth is reflected in its market size. In 2018, it was valued at $14.17 billion and it's estimated to be growing at a CAGR of 10.1% from 2019 to 2025.
It's gone from a niche product to an essential resource in a matter of years. Will historians of the future one day call the 21st century The Age of Ultra-Thin Glass?

4. Switchable smart glass

Imagine a pane of glass that can change from transparent to opaque. A pane of glass that can be operated like a dimmer switch with the click of a button or a simple voice command.

You don't need to imagine anymore: it's here. Switchable smart glass provides privacy on demand, improved solar control and (let's face it) a touch of class to domestic and commercial settings worldwide.
2025 is likely to see growth in the smart building sector – and it's likely switchable smart glass will play an ever-increasing role in the Internet of Things.

5. Self-cleaning glass

Good-quality glass is easy to maintain but still requires elbow grease. Could self-cleaning glass put an end to the tyranny of the squeegee?
It's an innovative product with hydrophilic and photocatalytic properties – or, in plain English, the capacity to break down dirt and avoid streaks from rainwater. Sure, it still needs the odd wipe-down, but far less often and far less intensively than with standard glass.
Self-cleaning glass can be used in high-rise windows and facades, solar panels, conservatories and windscreens. Implemented well, it can reduce maintenance costs and improve solar control.
If the economists are to be believed, its market share could grow at a CAGR of 5.9% between now and 2030. Either way, it's a forward-thinking product that can make a real difference to buildings and vehicles of all shapes and sizes.

Conclusion

At ToughGlaze, we're proud to be on the vanguard of glass fabrication. We embrace innovative new solutions like smart glass and always keep up-to-date with industry news.
To take just one example, we manufacture TG SWITCH , a state-of-the-art switchable smart glass product. Like all products in our range, it can be cut to meet your measurements and is processed, treated and delivered all from our state-of-the-art facilities.
Whatever toughened or laminated glass product you're looking for, we can help. Get in touch with your requirements today – we'd love to fix you up with the right materials for the job.

Is glass a good choice for office signage?

Mon, 23 Dec 2024 02:35:00 GMT

Looking for the right material for company signage? Glass could be just the ticket. Find out why in our guide.

In the business world, what's the purpose of a sign? If your answer is just "to communicate information", think again.
Yes, signage is functional. But it can communicate so much more than the way to reception or information about fire drills.
No matter the work environment, a sign can communicate your brand identity with clarity, speed and panache. It's the office design equivalent of a sophisticated scent. It tells visitors, customers and staff that you mean just one thing: business.
In other words, taking signage seriously is worth your time. And one key consideration is the material you use.
Signs can be made from stone, metal, plastic or glass. But if you ask us, glass is best. It's durable, aesthetically appealing, endlessly customisable and easy to maintain.

Clarity

Glass gives your signs a clarity that other materials can't match – both literally and figuratively. Its sleek, transparent surfaces are the perfect foil for your brand's messaging.
This clarity can speak volumes about your business's style and intentions. If it's sophistication and forward-thinking you're seeking to communicate, you can't go wrong with glass.
Secondly, glass can be enhanced with striking, vibrant colours. It can be a great way to reinforce your company's colour palette or simply create an aesthetically pleasing work environment.
And thirdly, having transparent or translucent surfaces can help make an office or other work environment feel spacious and welcoming. What's not to like?

Integration in your work environment

Every work environment has at least one glass surface – so why not turn it into a sign? That way, the walls and windows themselves become vehicles for brand messaging.
Similarly, you can make glass signage part of a glass-centric work environment. Glass partitions, for example, are a great way to split up an office space without blocking visibility.
You could even explore the world of smart glass . This is a type of glass that can be changed from opaque to transparent at the touch of a button. It provides privacy on demand and a touch of class in one sophisticated package.

Signs need to be durable. This makes toughened glass and laminated glass ideal for the job.
These are two varieties of safety glass. This "safety" designation tells buyers they're much harder to break than standard glass.
Toughened glass, for instance, can withstand a lot of pressure – and in the rare event it breaks, it shatters into tiny, smooth smithereens rather than jagged shards.
Laminated glass is even harder to break. It's the stuff they make windscreens from. No matter how hard you bash it, you won't make a dent. And if you did, it would still retain structural integrity.
So, if durability is a concern, you can't go wrong with toughened glass. Debbie Harry wasn't wrong to say she had a heart of glass. But if her heart had been made of toughened glass… well, it would have been a different story entirely.

Design flexibility

Perhaps the best thing about glass is just how flexible it is from a design perspective. We're not exaggerating when we say the sky's the limit.
Take your company logo. It can be etched, sandblasted , digitally printed or screen printed . Work with a good processor and it can be printed to photorealistic quality. And like all good-quality printed glass, the logo will stay vivid for as long as the glass lasts.
Then there's the fact that glass can come in all the colours of the rainbow – and all the colour combinations, too. Laminated glass, to take one example, can have a coloured interlayer in any hue you like. This creates aesthetically pleasing signage that can also reflect your brand colour palette.
Then there's the level of intricacy that glass can achieve. Metal and stone have their advantages for signage. But if your design is complex, you'll usually get the best results from glass.
Finally, there's smart glass – a recent and exciting innovation in glass fabrication. It allows you to change the transparency level of the sign depending on the time of day or privacy needs. It can also add a touch of modern professionalism to your office environment.

Low maintenance

One of the key advantages of glass as a material is that it's easy to clean and maintain. Only a small amount of elbow grease is required to leave it looking spotless.
In most cases, a simple wipe-down with a dedicated glass cleaner can make your signage shine. This isn't just good for your cleaners. It also makes it ideal for a busy working environment with lots of passing traffic.

Considerations for external applications

The durability of toughened glass means it can be installed outside as well as in. And nine times out of 10, they'll do just fine.
If, however, the sign is installed in a spot exposed to plenty of direct sunlight, it may discolour over time. For this reason, it's worth investing in high-quality laminated glass, screen printed or digitally printed using high-end, long-lasting ceramic inks. We can also supply advanced waterproof interlayers that are ideal for external applications.

Conclusion

As well as providing staff and visitors with invaluable information, good-quality signage can communicate your brand identity.
A variety of material choices are available. But in our opinion, glass usually has the edge over its competitors as a material that's durable, low-maintenance, attractive and flexible.
At ToughGlaze, we provide high-quality, custom-cut laminated glass and toughened glass to a range of customers. Glass can be decorated in a huge number of ways to assert your brand identity.
As well as having the facilities to realise your vision, we also do everything under one roof – from cutting the glass to size to firing it in the furnace, from decorating to shipping.
So, if you're looking for toughened glass signage, get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote. We'd love to help you get the right signage for your work environment.

Glass world records: 5 structures that broke new ground with glass

Fri, 20 Dec 2024 23:28:00 GMT

Today's world is full of record-breaking glass architecture. Explore 5 amazing examples in our article.

Glass is an ancient material. Its earliest examples date back to around 3600 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt and Syria.
In the intervening millennia, much has stayed the same. Glass is made by heating up sand to a high temperature. The resulting product is used for windows and drinking vessels. But a lot has changed in that time, too.
It's not just that glass is stronger and more thermally efficient than ever. It's also that glass is now an integral part of architecture and construction.
Go to the centre of any metropolis and you're sure to see banks, skyscrapers and other buildings with large glass facades. That's before you consider elevators, bridges, balconies, airports and walk-on roofs.
It's an astonishing area of contemporary design that shows no sign of disappearing. In this article, we look at five glass world records – from medieval stained glass all the way to modern-day skyscrapers.

The tallest glass skyscraper

Dubai is a city of broken records. It's the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, home to the largest shopping centre in the world, the deepest pool, the largest fountain and more.
So, it's no surprise that it's also home to the world's tallest glass skyscraper, the iconic Burj Khalifa.
With a total height of 829.8 metres, Burj Khalifa is the world's tallest structure as well as its tallest glass skyscraper. Primarily made of reinforced concrete and structural steel (some sourced from the former East German Parliament in Berlin), the facade is a patchwork of 26,000 glass panels.
This reflective curtain wall is the equivalent of 17 football fields. Each panel is hand-cut and built to withstand the arid climate. It takes between three and four months to clean.
The skyscraper includes a fountain of light, illuminated by more than 6,000 lights and 50 projectors. It's surrounded by a 27-acre park and has an observation deck at a vertigo-inducing 452 metres.
Opened in 2010 as part of the Downtown Dubai development, Burj Khalifa is a modern-day icon that attracts millions of visitors each year.

The longest glass bridge

Tell the glass-blowers of old that one day people would be crossing glass bridges and they'd probably throw their blowpipes to the ground in disbelief.
Nevertheless, the world is filled with glass bridges – and the longest of the lot is the Bach Long Bridge in Moc Chau, Vietnam, also known as the "White Dragon Bridge".
It's 632 metres long and 2.4 meters wide. The glass is 40 millimetres thick – that's about the width of two adult human fingers side by side. It's treated with a scratch-resistant coating to deal with the endless footfall of tourists.
Spanning a deep valley, the bridge can hold up to 450 people at a time. It's a remarkable piece of engineering that's been dazzling visitors since it opened in 2022.

The largest collection of medieval stained glass

Guinness World Records is continually updating itself. But some records date from long ago.
Take Chartres Cathedral in France. Built some 800 years ago, it's home to the largest collection of medieval stained glass in the world.
This UNESCO World Heritage site boasts 167 windows crafted between the 12th and 14th centuries. For the most part, this remarkable piece of French Gothic architecture is intact. Stepping through its great door is like stepping straight back into the medieval period.
Its stained glass windows are treasured for their deep, rich colours – mostly ruby red and cobalt blue – and depict the lives of saints as well as medieval guilds.
The cathedral welcomes more than one million visitors a year. Thousands of pilgrims come for its famous relic, the Sancta Camisa. This is said to be the tunic worn by Mary at the birth of Christ.

The first glass building

In his 1864 novella Notes from Underground, Fyodor Dostoevsky described this building as "a monument to soulless modern society, the myth of progress, and the worship of empty materialism".

Despite this one-star review, the Crystal Palace was record-breaking as the first big building to use glass as an integral structural material.
This steel-and-glass construction was originally built in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. This exhibition was put on to show off the technological achievements of the Industrial Revolution, then in full swing in the UK.
Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Crystal Palace was three times the size of St Paul's Cathedral and featured 60,000 panes of glass manufactured by the Chance Brothers.
At the time, visitors were bowled over by its unprecedentedly large and clear glass walls and ceilings.
The Palace was destroyed by fire in 1936. The remaining towers were demolished in 1941.

The tallest outdoor glass elevator

Glass elevators have been around since the 1920s. But today's structures are something else.
Take the Bailong Elevator in Zhangjiajie, China – a region once home to the longest glass bridge in the world.
This glass double-deck elevator is built into the side of a cliff in the Wulingyuan region. It gets you to the summit of one of the area's remarkable sandstone pillars in just one and a half minutes.
Acrophobes beware – a picture of the Bailong Elevator will give you a shudder. But for thrill-seekers the world over, it provides an unforgettable experience.
The elevator has been dogged by controversy. Some question its environmental impact in a designed World Heritage Site and the elevator ground to a halt in 2002 and 2003 over safety concerns.

Final thoughts

So, there you have it: five glass world records that continue to impress and inspire.
What's next for glass architecture? We can't wait to see what the world's architects and designers will come up with in the coming years – and we'll be sure to keep you abreast of any exciting developments.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is a Bedford-based glass processor that serves customers throughout the UK and the world. Are you looking for a commercial glass supplier ? Don't hesitate to contact our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

The glass recycling process from start to finish

Tue, 17 Dec 2024 10:31:00 GMT

Did you know that glass can be infinitely recycled? Learn how the process works, step by fascinating step.

Glass is kind of amazing.
"OK, ToughGlaze", we hear you sigh. "You sell glass, so you're bound to say glass is amazing."
And, sure – we all know that glass can do amazing things in the hands of architects, builders and glass processors. It can become the crystal shell of a towering skyscraper. It can glow with coloured interlayers and LED backlights . It can be toughened , laminated or screen-printed . It can even change from clear to opaque at the touch of a button .
But that's just the start of the story. See, glass saves its biggest party trick for last.
Glass is amazing because it's infinitely recyclable. Once it's lived its life as a windowpane or bottle or fish tank, it can be melted down and made new.
And unlike plastic and paper, glass doesn't degrade with each recycle. You can expect recycled glass to be just as strong, crisp and clear as glass that's fresh from the forge.
This has obvious benefits for sustainability. In the race for carbon neutrality, glass can give eco-savvy organisations a valuable head start.
But how does it all work, exactly? Surely it's not as simple as melting the glass, pouring it into a mould and saying "job done"?
It's not quite that simple. But it might be simpler than you think.
Let's learn.

The glass recycling process, step by step

1. Collection
You'll know this part of the process because it's the only one you need to worry about.
Glass collection processes differ depending on locale and other factors. Local authorities tend to handle domestic recycling programmes, offering kerbside collections from mixed-stream or single-stream bins. Large businesses, meanwhile, are more likely to use a private waste collection service.
In any case, the destination is the same. All that waste glass is piled into refuse vehicles and taken to specialised recycling centres.

2. Sorting
The sorting stage is a ballet of manpower and machine power that's complex enough to deserve its own article. Suffice it to say we're simplifying things here. For instance, rather than sorting being neatly confined to one stage, items tend to be sorted and resorted throughout the process.

The mechanised part of the process involves huge, perforated drums called "trommels", which separate items by size. Magnets, air blasts and light sensors are also used to sort by material, weight and colour.
Humans get involved at two points. The first is the pre-sort, where obviously non-recyclable stuff is removed. The second is the quality control stage. Machines, after all, can't be trusted to get everything right.

3. Smashing
This stage is as simple and brutal as it sounds. Before the glass can be melted and reformed, it must be broken up. This is done using mechanised hammers.
A little water may be added to the glass, too. This helps stop tiny particles from polluting the air. The glass pieces are also sorted by size using trommels.
The glass is now in small pieces – but they're not quite small enough. Before it can be reforged, the glass needs to be pulverised. And before that, it needs to be, erm, "bed drier fluidised"…

4. Bed drier fluidisation
We may as well call this stage "the burnification". It's all about roasting off unwanted stuff – bacteria, sugar and any glue that remains from sticky labels.
To accomplish this, recycling plants use what amounts to a huge hair dryer. The glass pieces vibrate their way through a chamber, where they're blasted with air heated to around 88ºC (190ºF).
Any air-borne contaminants are sucked up using, well… a big vacuum cleaner, basically.

5. Pulverisation
It's time to pulverise.
Since we're already using household appliance analogies, you can imagine this stage as a coffee grinder and a sieve. The glass shards are ground up and then passed over a screen. If the pieces are small enough, they fall through the screen. If not, they're passed back through for another grind.
And so it goes. Grind, sift, grind, sift – until all the glass is small enough to be made new.

6. Screening
We now have tiny pieces of glass cullet. This is the material that will be melted down to create new glass.
Even after all this processing, however, the cullet is still not uniform. There are pebble-sized pieces mixed with tiny granules as fine as sand – and all the sizes in between.
Different manufacturing processes require cullets of different sizes. So, before it can be shipped off, it must be sorted one last time.

And so, it's back to the sieve. Or, rather, a series of sieves with increasingly fine meshes. By the end of this screening process, the cullets will be in neat piles, sorted by size.
Some piles go off to make new glass. Others are used to manufacture abrasives, fibreglass, ceramics or aggregates. But all will be reused in some manner or other.

How efficient is glass recycling?

Theoretically, glass is 100% recyclable. Not only can glass be recycled again and again, but it can also be recycled with 0% waste.
But whether all glass actually gets recycled is a different matter. After all, it's pretty much impossible to ensure that every jar, bottle and windowpane ends up in the recycling bin where it belongs.
According to government data , the UK recycles nearly 70% of glass packaging – but details are hazy on other kinds of glass. In any case, that puts us behind Sweden – which recycles 86% of glass packaging – and ahead of the US, which only manages 31%.

Can you recycle toughened glass?

Toughened glass is roughly four times stronger than conventional float glass. This is great for situations where safety is paramount. However, its strength becomes a weakness when it comes to recyclability.
That's not to say that toughened glass can't be recycled. It can, but it requires specialised processes that make it difficult to recycle at scale. It can also be broken up and reused – as mortar aggregate, for instance.

Can you recycle laminated glass?

As with toughened glass, recycling laminated glass is a complex process that only specialised facilities can handle.
This complexity is compounded by the mixed materials used to create the glass. Laminated glass consists of two or more glass sheets joined with plastic interlayers.
However, great strides are being made in laminated glass recycling technology. One US-based recycling firm, for instance, claims to be able to recycle glass laminates with almost 100% efficiency.
As a trusted UK glass processor, ToughGlaze takes sustainability very seriously. We're constantly looking for new ways to improve efficiency, reduce our carbon footprint and add value for our customers. Learn more about our state-of-the-art glass toughening plant or get in touch with our friendly team.

How to specify glass wall cladding

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 08:23:00 GMT

Glass wall cladding adds a modern aesthetic to a variety of settings. Learn about the kind of glass required.

Glass wall cladding is the application of glass panels to cover a wall. The resulting installation can be used purely functionally or with a decorative finish. It differs from curtain walls, which are used externally to shelter a building from the weather.
It's often seen in receptions, restaurants, bathrooms and kitchens. Glass wall cladding is valued for adding a modern aesthetic to a room while maximising the amount of natural light.
Glass is a highly versatile material – and glass wall cladding is no exception. It can be customised with a wide range of colours, textures and patterns. A good glass processor can add tinting, texturing or print a design onto the glass. It can even be backlit to create subtle lighting effects.
But what is "glass"? The fact is that it covers a wide range of products – and when it comes to glass wall cladding, not any old glass will do.
Because of its functional role, the glass used for wall cladding has to be tough, durable and safe. Any compromise on quality could lead to damage and injury. As a bonus, the glass used should be easy to clean and to clean up in the event of a breakage.
So, what's the best glass for the job? In this article, we explore your options.

Strength and durability

Strength and durability are relative, and we wouldn't describe any glass from a reputable seller as lacking in either. However, when it comes to a glass covering like glass wall cladding, you need that extra bit of both.
Why? The answer is "people". If you were designing a showroom, you could use any old glass. But in a commercial or domestic environment where people are coming and going, you want to be sure that your installation will withstand any knocks or bumps.
For this reason, we recommend toughened glass or laminated glass . Both are types of safety glass, but they differ in the way they break.

When toughened glass breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny pieces. These are relatively harmless and easy to clean up. This makes it ideal for areas where people are passing through. The last thing you want is annealed glass, which breaks into ugly, jagged shards that can cause injury.
Toughened glass is up to four times stronger than annealed glass. Laminated glass is even stronger.
When you break laminated glass, however… but let's stop right there. The fact is that you'd have a very difficult time breaking laminated glass. And even then, the glass won't shatter. Instead, it cracks in a spider's web pattern and stays in the frame.
In installations like glass wall cladding, where safety is paramount, you can't go wrong with toughened or laminated glass.

Security

The durability of toughened and laminated glass isn't just good for safety. It's also good for security.
Most of the time, of course, glass wall cladding is a cover for another wall and there's no reason why a thief would want to break it. Nevertheless, in the event of a break-in, you want damage to be kept to an absolute minimum. To achieve this, safety glass is the way to go.
For situations where even more security is required, we offer extra-strong laminated glass that's built to withstand bandits , or even bombs .

Low maintenance

We're sometimes asked why anyone would buy toughened or laminated glass for wall cladding when there's perfectly good acrylic on the market.
Leaving aside the fact that acrylic is far less durable than glass, there's one key reason: glass is low-maintenance.
Acrylic tends to go cloudy over time and scratches easily. This can lead to expensive repairs and replacements. Toughened and laminated glass, by contrast, are easy to keep looking good as new.
So, if you want maximum safety with minimal maintenance, it's glass, glass, glass all the way.

Aesthetics

Glass wall cladding serves a function. But it can also be beautiful.

It can be manufactured in any colour under the sun (literally). It can be etched, frosted or sandblasted . It can have text, images or other designs screen-printed or digitally printed onto it. It can be given a mirror finish , a stainless steel effect, a splash of gold… The list goes on.
It can even be made to match the joins from adjacent floors and ceilings to create a seamless, nigh-on infinite look.
Finally, you can get your glass wall cladding made out of smart glass . This is a type of glass that can be dimmed from transparent to opaque with a button on your phone or other remote control.
This aesthetic versatility is one of the great advantages of glass as a building material. And luckily for you, tough-as-nails products like toughened and laminated glass can be decorated in all these ways.

What is fire-rated glass?

So far, we've focused on toughened and laminated glass products as the best for glass wall cladding. But in some situations, you might want to consider getting fire-rated glass .
Fire-rated glass – also known as fire-resistant glass – is a type of glass designed to stop the spread of fire and smoke. This gives people more time to evacuate in the event of a fire – and more time for firefighters to start putting it out.
You can install fire-rated glass by choice. Usually, however, it's installed in order to comply with building regulations. Before you order your materials, check whether you need fire-rated glass rather than its toughened or laminated equivalents.

Conclusion

Glass wall cladding can be a tasteful addition to any domestic or commercial setting. But to get your money's worth, you need to invest in the right sort of glass.
Thankfully, you don't have to choose between functionality and beauty. A good glass processor will provide you with high-quality toughened or laminated glass that's built to last and built to be beautiful. The only limit to the design possibilities is your imagination. We wish you all the best in your installation.
Are you looking for toughened or laminated glass sheets for wall cladding? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How glass breaks and why it matters

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 12:53:00 GMT

Different types of glass break in different ways. Find out how this can affect your choice of materials.

Like all structural materials, glass can break.
Sometimes, it's because of physical force – "bandits, bullets or bombs", as we say in the industry. Other times, it's because of thermal stress. Other times still, it's the result of manufacturing flaws or installation mistakes.
Whatever the reason, it's not something that any property owner (or installer) wants to happen. While there are ways to reduce the likelihood, the possibility can never be ruled out.
That's why the glass manufacturing industry has identified different types of breakage patterns for different types of glass. It means that certain types of glass can be installed in areas where breakage would be especially harmful to residents, visitors or passersby.
When planning a project, then, the thermal efficiency, strength and aesthetic of glass aren't the only considerations. You also need to consider how the glass would break.
Would it break into large, jagged chunks that could cause injury? Would it crack on the surface without leaving its frame? Or would it break into lots of small, harmless smithereens?
In this article, we take a look at how different types of glass break – and why that matters when it comes to choosing a type of glass for a job.

Annealed glass

Annealed glass is a standard kind of glass. It hasn't been specially treated or manufactured for safety. When it breaks, it breaks into shards. These shards can cause injury if installed in inappropriate locations.
It can break because of internal stresses brought on by a change of temperature and, unlike safety glass, it can break under relatively low impact. Knock a pane of glass by accident and it can, in theory, break.
Furthermore, poorly manufactured annealed glass can break spontaneously without any external force.
This presents safety risks. Annealed glass shards can cut people at the moment of breakage or leave hazardous remains on the floor.
This makes it unsuitable for most public-facing applications. If there's a chance that a passerby could be injured in the event of breakage, give annealed glass a miss.

Toughened glass

Toughened glass – also known as "tempered glass" – is a form of safety glass. When it breaks, it doesn't break into large shards like annealed glass. Instead, it shatters into lots of small, smooth smithereens.
This breakage pattern is a result of the manufacturing process. The glass is heated at a high temperature in a furnace and then cooled rapidly. This rapid cooling excites the molecules in such a way that it they set with high tensile strength. And when the glass breaks, this high tensile strength means it breaks into lots of little pieces.
Toughened glass is up to four times stronger than annealed glass. This makes it ideal for high-impact areas such as doors, shower screens and external facades.
Building regulations call for the use of toughened glass in particular areas. Its status as a form of safety glass doesn't mean it can't be made decorative. Toughened glass can be etched, sandblasted , digitally printed , coloured and more.

Heat-strengthened glass

Heat-strengthened glass is another form of thermally treated glass. It's about twice as strong as annealed glass but less strong than toughened glass. Because of this, it's not classed as safety glass.
It breaks like annealed glass into larger shards – but the chances of this happening are reduced by the manufacturing process.
This makes it suitable for high-strength applications where there's less risk of shattering. Skylights and balustrades, for example, are often made of heat-strengthened glass.

Laminated glass

Laminated glass is a super-tough form of safety glass. It's made out of two or more layers of glass bonded with an interlayer. This is typically made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), but materials vary from product to product.
This sandwich-like construction means that laminated glass will never shatter. If you hit it repeatedly with a hammer, cracks will appear like a spider's web – but the polymer interlayer keeps the sandwich together like a very gluey jam.
As well as this structural strength, laminated glass provides greater sound insulation and UV protection than most other types of glass.

It's used when high levels of safety are required – car windscreens, for instance, and structural glazing such as glass walkways, balustrades, skylights and lifts.

Heat-strengthened laminated glass

As the name suggests, this type of glass combines the durability of heat-strengthened glass with the safety of laminated glass.
It's more resistant to changes in temperature and environmental stresses than other kinds of glass. For this reason, it's often used for structural features like glass curtain walls.

Toughened and heat soak tested laminated glass

Sometimes, but not often, toughened glass can shatter spontaneously. This is because of nickel sulfide inclusions.
These are tiny, pebble-like particles that enter the glass as a byproduct of the manufacturing process. They can be present in the glass for months or even years after installation.
Spontaneous breakage because of nickel sulfide inclusions is rare but far from unheard of. They can never be eliminated but the chances of spontaneous breakage can be dramatically reduced by a process known as heat soak testing.
This involves heating the glass at 290°C for several hours. Any panes that shatter in the furnace are replaced.
If you're concerned about nickel sulfide inclusions, you can always work with a glass processor that offers heat soak tested glass. This is an especially good idea if the glass will be installed in critical locations such as overhead glazing or high-rise buildings.

Stunt glass

Ever wondered how breaking glass effects are achieved in films and TV? The answer is stunt glass, also known as "breakaway glass".
There are several types. There's sugar glass: a combination of water, sugar, glucose and corn syrup. There are synthetic resins. And there's rubber glass: a catalysed silicone product.
All of these products enable directors to include breaking glass in their productions without putting cast or crew at risk. Clever stuff!
ToughGlaze supplies laminated and toughened glass panels to businesses across the UK and around the world. Thanks to our state-of-the-art glass processing facility, we can handle all things glass – all under one roof. Our services range from soundproofing to sandblasting and beyond. Don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for art installations: a guide for artists and installers

Fri, 06 Dec 2024 15:41:00 GMT

What kinds of glass can be used in art exhibitions? Learn your options in our guide for artists and installers.

Art installations are all about the details. Everything from the font to the layout, from your choice of materials to your choice of audio can play a role in telling your visitors a story.
Different exhibitions call for different materials. But often, galleries can achieve great aesthetic effects from glass, whether in the form of display cases, picture frames, information labels or marketing materials.
However, "glass" is only an umbrella term. It covers a range of materials with different properties and different applications. If you're new to the world of art installation, the choices can be confusing.
That's why we've put together this guide to the types of glass artists and installers can use in their installations. We hope it helps you design an unforgettable installation.

Display cases

Many artists and installers use display cases to showcase artworks. These can be free-standing, wall-mounted or placed on top of a pedestal.
The primary purpose of these cases is, of course, to display the artworks inside. For this reason, some people believe that clarity is the primary or only concern. So long as visitors can see what's inside clearly, any material will do.
But display cases need to be strong and secure as well as transparent. There are two reasons for this. First, any knocks or bumps could lead to the contents being damaged. And secondly, the art inside the cabinet needs to be as tough as possible for thieves or vandals to get at.
For this reason, many galleries use toughened glass , also known as "tempered glass". This is a type of safety glass that's built to resist wear and tear and be difficult to break. It's up to four times tougher than standard annealed glass.
Unlike many other materials, it's also low-maintenance. This is a benefit many galleries will appreciate, especially in larger spaces.
It's ideal for display cases in rooms with passing traffic, significantly reducing the chance of damage to the case or its contents.

Some galleries opt for a type of dense plastic called acrylic. This has its advantages. It's lightweight, clear and cheaper than toughened glass.
However, it has some drawbacks that make it a less reliable option than toughened glass. It's the most flammable of synthetic materials on the market. It tends to turn cloudy over time. And it needs specialist cleaning products that can't be used on the rest of the displays and artworks.
Investing in acrylic display cases could save you money in the short term. But in the long term, it can put your artworks at risk and soak up more time on maintenance.
For these reasons, we believe toughened glass is the way to go.

Glass for picture frames

When hanging a picture, clarity is essential. But both the backing and the cover of the picture frame need to be durable to protect your artwork from damage.
As with display cases, the choice is typically between plastic and glass.
Museum glass, also known as "conservation glass", is often used to give a professional look to pictures. It can withstand scratches better than acrylic. You should, however, keep in mind that it tends to be heavier. The size of your picture will affect your choice of material.
This glass is not toughened, meaning it can shatter. This is one reason why many galleries put cords or other barriers between viewers and pictures.
Framed art isn't only vulnerable to knocks and bashes, though. It can also fade over time when exposed to UV radiation. This is created by both sunlight and electric light, so it's a consideration installers should keep in mind.
All glass blocks UV radiation, but only up to a point. For this reason, it can be a good idea to invest in glass that has a special UV-protective coating.
This will lengthen the life of your picture whilst giving you the other advantages of glass picture frames.

Glass for labels

[IMAGE: a (glass?) wall label in an art gallery]
For many gallery visitors, wall labels are essential to the viewing experience. By providing information about the artwork, they can enhance visitors' enjoyment and appreciation of it.
These labels are sometimes dry transfers or decals. They're sometimes made from heavy paper or card. But if you want a touch of class, glass can be a great choice.
These days, glass can be printed with high-quality text and images. Options include sandblasting , etching and digital printing . Digital glass printing technology, in particular, has reached a point where clarity can be photorealistic.
It's far from a budget option. But if it's within your means, glass information labels can add elegance to your exhibition.

Smart glass

Smart glass is a relatively new innovation in the world of glass fabrication. It's a type of glass that can be changed from transparent to opaque at the click of a button.
Often used for privacy on demand in office environments and luxury apartments, it also has potential for art installations.
You could use smart glass to create an interactive display. You could use it as an eye-catching background for marketing or information. You could even use it as part of the artwork itself.
At ToughGlaze, we have our own range of smart glass, TG SWITCH . Like all our products, it's highly durable and strong. It could be just what your installation is lacking.

What is toughened glass?

Toughened glass, sometimes known as tempered glass, is a type of safety glass. It's created by heating the glass at a high temperature before rapidly cooling it.
This realigns the molecules so that when the glass breaks, it doesn't split into harmful shards. Instead, it breaks into smooth, relatively harmless smithereens.
In the art world, its durability makes it ideal for protecting visitors and artworks alike. It's also much easier to clean up than standard annealed glass in the event of a breakage.
Looking for high-quality display unit glass ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

ToughGlaze crowned "Glass Company of the Year" at G24 Awards

Wed, 04 Dec 2024 15:22:00 GMT

This year, ToughGlaze won Glass Company of the Year at the G24 Awards in London. Read all about it!

For the last 20 years, the G Awards have celebrated excellence in the glass industry. And this year, we were delighted to take home the gong for Glass Company of the Year.
The event was something else – a black-tie gala with a champagne reception at the London Hilton on Park Lane, hosted by the comedian Zoe Lyons.
Here's what our directors, Ashok and Bharat Varsani, had to say:
"We'd like to thank the judging panels, our customers and our supply partners. But above all, we'd like to thank our team for all the hard work and dedication that made this award possible.
"It's a fantastic way to bring 2024 to an end. Next year, we're looking forward to unveiling new product lines and continuing to invest in our facilities and personnel. Roll on 2025!"
Established in 1993, ToughGlaze is a leading UK glass processor. We serve customers worldwide, delivering a huge range of glass products from our state-of-the-art facility in Bedford. Explore our catalogue today.

5 architectural movements that changed how we use glass

Mon, 02 Dec 2024 11:23:00 GMT

Glass has played a prominent role in a number of architectural movements. Discover 5 of the most influential.

In the 21st century, it's easy to take for granted the astonishing diversity of architectural styles across the world and over the centuries. Each movement, however, was the product of a lot of work and a lot of innovation.
Take the role of glass in architecture . Over the millennia, we've gone from glass mosaics to stained glass windows, from glasshouses to glass skyscrapers.
And it's not over yet. Architects and designers continue to innovate with self-healing glass, smart glass and more.
In this article, we look at five architectural movements that changed how we use glass forever.

1. Ancient Roman architecture

What have the Romans ever done for us? Well, they didn't invent glass mosaics – those have been around since at least the third millennium BC. However, they did create some gorgeous mosaics from tiny tiles called "tesserae".
These mosaics were found on the floors and walls of both private and public buildings. They would often feature figures from history and mythology.
Most tesserae were made from stone, but some included glass. Take the Judgment of Paris mosaic in Antioch. Discovered in 1932, this remarkable piece is constructed from marble, limestone and glass.
Around the same time, the Romans were producing the first window panes. These were placed in wooden frames and backed by a layer of sand or stone.

2. Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture was a style of architecture that stretched from the 12th to early 17th century.
With Gothic architecture, more is more. Its buildings are highly ornate, replete with pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, pinnacles and spires.
Many medieval churches in the Gothic style also feature rich and beautiful stained glass windows.
These medieval church builders didn't invent stained glass. It had been used by the Ancient Romans and the Egyptians. In Britain, stained glass windows can be found in seventh-century churches and monasteries.
The medieval ages, however, were the crowning achievement of stained glass thus far. Take Chartres Cathedral.
This astonishing feat of architecture features some 176 stained glass windows. These rich, complex, detailed windows show the lives of saints and guilds of the time. They're characterised by deep reds and a shade of cobalt blue now known as "Chartres blue".

3. Victorian architecture

Victorian Britain was a time of rapid change, with cities expanding and industrialisation in full swing. Working conditions were harsh, but the message from the top was clear: Britain was an imperial power to be reckoned with.
This was reflected in much of the architecture. Perhaps the quintessential example of this is the Crystal Palace, designed in 1851 by Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition in London's Hyde Park.
The Crystal Palace could have been called the "Crystal Showcase". Its purpose was to show off Britain's industrial innovations to visitors from across the world.
At the time, its steel-and-glass structure was ground-breaking and mind-boggling. This was, after all, the biggest building in the world. It was made of around 300,000 sheets of glass, covering an area equivalent to 13 football pitches. These glass panels, manufactured by Chance Brothers, were the largest ever made.
In 1854, the building was dismantled and rebuilt in Sydenham, South London. It was tragically destroyed by fire in 1936.
The Crystal Palace encapsulated the modernist notion that "form follows function" and was a big influence on architecture in the years to come.
Another Victorian building that changed how we use glass is the Palm House at Kew Gardens, also in London. This ornate greenhouse, made of glass and iron, is home to an astonishing range of palms and other tropical plants. It was the first large-scale greenhouse of its kind.

4. Bauhaus architecture

Are buildings functional, beautiful or a bit of both? This complex question has been posed by architects in different forms for millennia.
The German Bauhaus art school was active from 1919 to 1933. It was designed with functionality in mind, as seen in its motto, "Form follows function".
Bauhaus used simple geometric shapes, clean lines, limited colours and industrial materials like concrete, steel and glass.
A defining feature of many Bauhaus buildings is their use of glass corners. The Bauhaus architects thought glass was so much more than a window-filler. They saw it as a way of creating a fluid relationship between the building's interior and the outside world.
The glass corner is part of this project. A Brutalist concrete building seems cut out against the sky. But a Bauhaus building's corners make it dissolve into the sunlight.
One example of this is the Wood House in Shipbourne, Kent, designed by Walter Gropius. It boasts a glass curtain wall facade that seamlessly wraps around the entire length of the building.

5. Postmodern architecture

Today, the label "postmodern" is applied to pretty much everything. But in the context of architecture, it has a specific meaning. Postmodernism was an architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s.
Its influence is now so embedded in the world's cities that it's easy to forget just how confrontational it was. Postmodern architects looked around them, saw dull, formal, homogeneous buildings and decided to do better.
Postmodernism is characterised by bright colours, playful aesthetics, unusual shapes and combinations of materials and classical motifs with a (post)modern twist.
Some of the most remarkable buildings to come out of the postmodern movement made heavy use of glass.
Take the Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut, USA. This is a house designed by architect Philip Johnson and was a pioneering example of the use of steel and glass in domestic construction.
In partnership with John Burgee, Johnson also designed PPG Place, a six-building complex in downtown Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, made out of 19,750 pieces of glass.
These towering buildings are characteristic of postmodernism in one respect. They're identifiably neogothic, with a turreted, spired, buttressed look. But they also unmistakably date from the second half of the 20th century.
ToughGlaze is a Bedford-based glass processing firm founded in 1993. We work with leading architecture and construction firms, supplying toughened , laminated and decorative glass for buildings around the world. Need high-quality glass for a project? Get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

A guide to glass edgework

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 09:31:00 GMT

Good-quality glass can be enhanced by good-quality edgework. Learn all about it in our handy guide.

How can you tell if a piece of glass is good-quality?
It's partly to do with performance. Good-quality glass keeps the heat in. It keeps sound out. It's tough. It's clear. It's durable.
But all of these positive attributes take time to notice. There's actually a much quicker way to assess the quality of glass: look at the edges.
If a pane of glass was delivered to you straight out of the factory, its edges would be dangerously sharp. For this reason, glass is usually sanded before hitting the market.
A sanded edge is known as a "seamed" edge. This will get rid of any sharp points – but it may leave in place some blemishes and bumps.
Seamed glass is safe but not seamless. This makes it suitable for frames, where the edges are hidden.
But if the edges are exposed, you need edgework, not just a seamed edge. "Edgework" refers to the methods used to make edges smooth, shaped and super-safe. It creates a decorative profile, minimises flaws and even adds a little strength.
The market is filled with different types of edgework. Three of the most common are flat polish, pencil polish and bevelled edge.
In this article, we look at these three types of edgework and where they can be applied.

1. Flat polish

Flat polish edgework gives glass a flat, precise edge. It's a contemporary look that can be seen all over the place. It's extremely popular for bathroom mirrors, tabletops, display cases and frameless bathroom cabinets.
Characterised by clean and clear edges, flat polished glass is all about smoothness. The glass is run through a machine with a belt that files off any unwanted glass chips and smooths out the edges.

2. Pencil polish

Pencil polish edgework comes under many different names: crown edge, semi-round edge, half-moon edge and diamond edge, to name but a few.
Whatever it's called, pencil polish glass has clear, rounded corners that resemble the edges of a pencil eraser.

All good-quality edgework is safe. But if you want that extra bit of safety, pencil polish glass can be a good shout. That's because its rounded edges all but remove the possibility of getting cut.
It's a popular option that can be seen in glass shelves, circular tabletops, car door windows and much more besides.

3. Bevelled edge

Bevelled edges are the most obviously elegant or aesthetically attractive of these three types of edgework. They're created by grinding and polishing the edges of the glass at 45 degree angles.
You've almost certainly seen bevelled mirror glass, where the glass is shaped so it looks a little like an in-built frame. It's used for both framed and frameless mirrors, as well as tabletops, windows, shower doors and insulated glass units (IGUs).
Bevelled edgework is created by grinding the glass with multiple wheels. The edges can be cut and polished to precise angles for a more customised look.

Other types of edgework

We mentioned that these are three of the most common types. But there are plenty more available for the discerning glass buyer.
You may see "ogee edges" advertised. An ogee edge is a double edge – one concave curve followed by a convex curve. Its main function is to decorate. For this reason, it's often found in glass furniture and decorative panels.
Then there are bullnose edges – another kind of smooth, rounded edge. This type of edge can often be seen on countertops, stair treads and handrails.

Can toughened glass have edgework?

Yes! One of the many great advantages of toughened glass is that it opens up many possibilities for customisation and decoration. Edgework is a strong example of this.
Glass is toughened in a furnace at a very high temperature. Once out of the oven, it can't be cut, ground or etched. For this reason, edgework has to be applied before the toughening process begins.

Toughened glass – also known as tempered glass – is a strong, durable, versatile product that's a staple in domestic and commercial installations. Getting toughened glass with elegant edgework lets you combine high functionality with aesthetic appeal.
Edged toughened glass is also a sign of quality. Done badly, edgework can break during the toughening process. This means toughened glass with any kind of edgework shows an attention to detail and command of the toughening process.

What type of edgework should I use?

Projects of all kinds require a decision to be made about edgework. Whether you're ordering a custom-made mirror or the panels for a full office refurb, you need to know what you're asking for.
The main consideration is aesthetic. After all, any glass processor worth its salt will provide you with glass that's safe and suitable. The question is: what effect do you want and how will it blend in with the rest of the project?
We've talked you through some of the most common styles of edgework. One thing to bear in mind, however, is that different providers use different names. Sometimes, the differences are subtle. Other times, they're significant.
So, if you know what you want but don't know what it's called, no sweat. Just tell your supplier what you're after and they'll be able to explain your options.
In fact, this is a good rule of thumb for interactions with your glass processor in general. If you know what you want but don't know the technical details, just ask. An experienced and reputable processor will always go the extra mile to help you realise your design dream.
So, whether you go for flat polish, pencil polish, bevelled edges or something else entirely, we hope you get the right glass for the job.
Are you in the market for high-quality toughened glass panels – with professional edgework to boot? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for curtain walls: types, thickness and key considerations

Fri, 22 Nov 2024 07:08:00 GMT

Glass is a common material for curtain wall infills. But not any old glass will do. Learn more in our article.

When the first glass-blowers made jars and vases out of glass, they would never have believed that one day entire buildings would be made out of the stuff.
Yet here we are in the 21st century with financial districts that have more glass than a tumbler factory. Skyscrapers, bridges, elevators, staircases – name an architectural feature and there's probably a glass version somewhere in the world.
In most examples of structural glazing, the capacity to bear a load is paramount. This could be a human load (people walking over a glass walkway) or a structural load (the roof sitting on top of a glass wall). In either case, load-bearing is governed by strict regulations to maximise safety.
Curtains walls, by contrast, carry no structural load. They are, in fact, non-structural. Their job isn't to prop up any other part of the building. Instead, they cover the building, protecting it from the elements.
This means it can be made from lightweight materials. But there's lightweight and then there's lightweight. The job of a curtain wall is to shield a building from wind, rain, debris and even hurricanes. Rice paper isn't going to cut it.
Glass, on the other hand, will. Glass is just one choice of material for "infills", as they're known. But for many architects, it's a no-brainer.
Curtain wall glass has to be the right type and thickness – and there are considerations to be made that don't apply to all structural glazing. In this article, we talk you through them.

What is a curtain wall system?

Curtain walls and curtain wall systems are the same in all but name. A system will consist of a frame, typically made of aluminium, and infills. These can be made of glass, stone veneer, metal panels or louvres.
Curtain wall systems cover multiple floors. This distinguishes them from storefront systems, which typically cover just one floor. They're identified with the modernist movement in architecture.

Why choose glass for curtain wall infills?

Infills can be made out of a variety of materials. But for our money, glass is best for three key reasons.
First, it's an affordable material. Working with glass can reduce the overall cost of the project – something that will be welcomed by all, especially as the reduction in price doesn't lead to any reduction in quality or safety.
Secondly, it's widely considered aesthetically pleasing. Glass curtain walls are a familiar sight in many cities for a reason. Architects rate them for their sleek, minimalistic, uncluttered appearance.
Taste is subjective, of course. But whatever your personal opinion, it's undeniable that architectural glass looks grand, imposing and modern, whether you're at the airport or walking through the financial district.
Last but not least, glass infills let natural light flood into the building. This is good for a business's carbon footprint, dramatically reducing the need for artificial lighting.
It's also said to improve the morale of employees. Light alone won't make you happy – but the difference between a spacious office filled with sunlight and a cramped windowless cell is obvious.
For all these reasons, glass is widely used as the material of choice for curtain wall infills. But not any old glass will do.

Types of glass for curtain walls

The most common material for curtain walls is float glass. This type of glass was pioneered by Pilkington in the 1950s and has been a staple material ever since.
One reason for float glass's celebrity is its versatility. Customers and architects can choose from a wide range of colours and opacities. It can also be cut to size down to the millimetre.
Curtain wall glass tends to be transparent, but translucent glass is occasionally used for added privacy or specific aesthetic effects. Opaque glass is also sometimes used to hide features behind the curtain wall.
Depending on local building regulations and specific project requirements, the glass may also be toughened or laminated.

Many curtain walls have knock-out panels in case of fire. A float glass panel would break into dangerous shards that could fall and injure a passerby. Toughened glass , by contrast, breaks into lots of small, harmless pieces.
Meanwhile, laminated glass is used to make curtain walls blast-resistant. This has been a priority for curtain wall manufacturers, installers and designers since the bombing of the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 1995.
This deadly truck bombing made clear that curtain walls are vulnerable to explosions. Laminated glass gets around this problem by breaking but not shattering.
Similarly, laminated glass is used for curtain wall systems in areas prone to hurricanes. This limits the damage done if wind-borne debris hits the curtain wall.

How thick should curtain walls be?

In the glass industry, thickness is a vital consideration. It's not something that can be estimated or overlooked. It's no exaggeration to say that in structural glazing, a millimetre can be the difference between life and death.
In both commercial and domestic curtain wall systems, there are two glass thicknesses to consider. The first is for monolithic glass, typically used for spandrels. The second is for insulating glass, which makes up the rest of the building's infills.
In commercial projects, the monolithic glass is typically ¼ inch or 6.4 millimetres. The insulating glass is usually one inch or 25 millimetres. In residential projects, the monolithic glass is typically ⅛ inch or 3.2 millimetres and the insulating glass is ⅝ inch or 16 millimetres.
The glass can be thicker, however, in buildings that need extra soundproofing or thermal control – acoustic glass in recording studios, for instance, or protective glass in laboratories. In some cases, curtain wall glass can be triple or even quadruple-glazed.
Looking for high-quality glass for architecture ? Look no further. Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze has become one of the UK's most trusted glass processing firms. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

If your glass supplier does THIS, think twice

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 07:13:00 GMT

Looking for a glass supplier for a commercial or domestic project? Here are 4 red flags to watch out for.

The world is run on supplies. Don't believe us? Just look at how supply chain disruptions affect our daily lives. Without the regular production and delivery of essential materials, life can quickly grind to a halt.
It's a sobering thought, but one that can lead to a positive conclusion. Suppliers are among the unsung heroes of the modern world.
Glass suppliers are no exception. Without them, everyone from homeowners to architects would be scrambling for glass (or blowing their own).
It's no exaggeration to say that no matter what you need glass for, your choice of supplier is an essential part of the process.
This means you should choose your supplier with care. The last thing you want is an inexperienced, under-equipped firm with inflated prices and bad customer service.
Yet far too often, customers settle for second best. It's easy to see why. Surely life is hard enough without having to compare endless glass suppliers?
Well, we take your point. But the success – and safety – of your project depends on choosing the right partner. Here are four signs that you might need to look elsewhere.

1. They don't have capacity

For your project, you need x amount of glass. It doesn't matter whether x equals a single sheet or a truckload. If your supplier doesn't have the capacity, you should work with someone else.
The alternative is to face bottlenecks in your process. Any project manager will tell you how quickly a supply issue can turn into a logjam.
But it's not just whether the supplier can give you the amount you need. It's also that not all suppliers produce the same products.
To take just one example, you might be looking for a sheet of laminated glass with a coloured interlayer . This requires a number of interdependent processes. You want a supplier that can do them all without batting an eyelid or ruffling a forehead.

If your supplier can do some but not all of the processes, you're going to face delays. And delays can mean dissatisfied clients, frayed nerves and logistical headaches.
So before you pick a particular supplier, make sure they have all the capacities and competencies you need under one roof.

2. They can't or won't show you their accreditations

We're not intending to blow any minds when we tell you that glass needs to be of good quality. Cut corners and you're putting customers and bystanders at risk – not to mention your reputation.
It's not just that you want your glass installation to stay intact as far as humanly possible. It's also that we live in a world dominated by red tape and regulations. Fall foul of these and you could face a fine, as well as a knock to your reputation.
It's not your glass supplier's responsibility to know which regulations you need to follow. But they should be able to meet them.
This is why you should always check they have the relevant industry accreditations. If they're not on the website, ask. If they haven't got an answer for you, move on.

3. They're vague about their experience and expertise

It doesn't matter whether you're a commercial or domestic client: you want to be sure that your glass supplier knows its stuff. And we mean knows its stuff inside out, back to front and top to bottom.
This is because the question of safety hangs over all glass installations. Getting a job done by a newbie just isn't worth it. Experience and expertise go hand in hand and are the order of the day.
How do you know if a supplier has these attributes? If they do, they'll tell you. No business that's been around the block and has significant experience under its belt will shy away from telling you on its website and in all its communications with you.

So, if you ask a supplier about their experience and they start looking shifty, don't be shy about pressing the issue. The success of your project is at stake. And if it turns out they don't have what you're looking for, it's time to find another supplier.

4. They won't give you clarity about delivery dates

Glass installations are like comedy: it's all in the timing.
It doesn't matter whether you're installing a kitchen splashback, building a glass elevator for your chocolate factory or replacing the windows in a block of flats. The success or failure of your project depends on materials – and people – turning up on time.
Turnaround is essential. Your supplier needs to be able to tell you when delivery is due – no ifs, no buts.
This is one key advantage of working with a supplier that cuts, fires, treats and delivers its products under one roof. You're less likely to fall victim to unexpected delays or glitches in the supply chain.
Clarity about delivery dates can tell you a lot about a firm. It tells you they take their responsibilities seriously and are committed to communicating them.
Your project matters. Don't jeopardise it by settling for second best.

Conclusion

A bad worker blames their tools – sure. But a good worker needs good tools nonetheless. It only takes one delay or one faulty pane of glass to turn your project into a shambles.
That's why it's so important to find a glass supplier that can meet your requirements. It needs to have the capacity, competency and flexibility to give you the materials you need. It should also be accredited, experienced and staffed with good communicators.
At ToughGlaze, we pride ourselves on meeting these criteria. We do everything under one roof, from glass cutting to delivery. This gives our customers peace of mind at a competitive price.
So, if you're looking for a glass supplier , don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick quote. We'd love to help you get the materials you need, no matter what the job.

Solutions for reducing water waste in glass processing

Fri, 15 Nov 2024 08:19:00 GMT

Glass fabrication and processing uses lots of H₂O. How is the industry reducing water waste? Let's find out.

The glass industry, like many others, is united in its efforts to become more sustainable .
And in some ways, it has a head start. Glass, you see, is an infinitely recyclable material. If you melt glass and reform it, you get new glass. Glass that's as strong, clear and versatile as it's always been – and always will be.
The same can't be said for industries that deal with plastic, say, or paper. These materials degrade with each round of recycling. Plastic can typically only be recycled two or three times before the quality becomes too poor to use again.
So, glass manufacturers and glass processors have a material advantage – literally. But while they might have a head start in the race to a circular economy, they still have a few hurdles to leap along the way.
Chief among these, perhaps, is that glass processing demands colossal amounts of resources. A glass toughening furnace is basically a huge electric oven – and unlike your Electrolux, it has to reach temperatures of 650ºC (1,202ºF) or more. That means more amps than a Metallica concert.
And then there's water. Glass processors use gallons upon gallons of water. The glass that leaves that toughening furnace needs cooling – most likely using water. And all the cutting and grinding machines that cut and grind all day long? They need water, too. And the water that runs off these machines is contaminated with glass particles, which you certainly don't want to end up in your morning coffee.
So, when it comes to the wet stuff, glass companies have two problems to solve. The first is resource management: they use lots and lots of water and this is bad for the environment and their bottom line. The second is contamination, which introduces its own raft of problems relating to wastewater management and compliance.
How does the glass industry manage this? Let's find out.

Closed-water process systems

Using a closed-water system is like maintaining your own miniature (or not-so-miniature) water supply. The water you use to cool and grind your glass is pumped into pipes, where it's filtered, treated and stored in tanks, ready to use again.

You'll never quite be able to reuse all your water. You'll still need top-ups from the main supply – and some waste from leaks and evaporation is inevitable. However, the positive impacts on the environment and operational efficiency are significant. One treatment company claims that a recycling solution like this "can reduce water consumption from the grid by up to 85%".
And closed-water systems have benefits beyond reducing water waste. For instance, many glass processors add liquid coolants to their water. Reusing the same water means you'll use less coolant because it only needs to be added once.

Sludge treatment

Yes, "sludge" is a technical term. It refers to the thick, mulchy stuff that accumulates in wastewater. In glass processing, this stuff will typically be tiny glass particles called "finings", along with oil and other liquid and solid contaminants.
There are limits on how much of this stuff can go down the drain – and these limits are defined by government regulations, community demands and an organisation's own environmental policy.
Moreover, contaminated water can't be pumped back into the factory without being cleaned first.
To address these issues, glass fabricators and processors typically employ sludge treatment systems as part of their wider closed-water systems. This involves several processes, including sedimentation and filtration.
Sedimentation deals with larger particles. The water sits in vats and the particles simply float to the bottom, where they can be collected. A polymer flocculant can be added to accelerate this process.
Filtration, meanwhile, catches the smaller particles, which remain suspended in the water even after sedimentation has occurred.
After filtration and sedimentation, you're left with two byproducts: clean, reusable water and lumps of brittle, fibrous matter that can be disposed of with general waste.

Reuse clean-in-place systems

A clean-in-place (CIP) system involves pumping water through machinery to clean it. This allows for regular, automated cleaning without dismantling the equipment.

CIP systems have been around for many decades – since the 1950s, in fact. But like other industrial processes, they've received scrutiny for their environmental impact. CIP helps to improve production efficiency by reducing downtime – but is it as much a boon for resource conservation?
One way to reduce water consumption is to employ a reuse clean-in-place system. This operates much like the closed water system discussed earlier – but on a smaller scale. After the first flush, water is collected and circulated through the system for the second flush.

Water on demand

Think back to your childhood. Did your parents or caregivers ever tell you off for leaving the tap running while brushing your teeth?
That's what we mean by "water on demand". It's the principle that you should only use water as and when you need it. Finished grinding that glass? Time to turn off the water supply – automatically, if possible.
It's as simple as that. If a child brushes their teeth with the tap running, they waste water. If a glass treatment plant runs a water jet-cutting machine without turning off the supply between cuts, it wastes water.
The difference, of course, is scale. That child might waste four gallons every time they forget the faucet. But in an industrial setting, you can expect to waste much, much more than that.

How ToughGlaze reduces water waste

Here at ToughGlaze, our environmental responsibility and operational efficiency are both high on the agenda.
That's why we're always developing new ways to reduce waste, cut overheads and provide the best possible service to our customers.
In fact, our co-founder, Ashok Varsani, developed his own system to filter and recycle water used for our cutting, grinding and cooling processes.
But sustainability is a journey – and like most companies, we're not quite there yet. However, with our track record of innovation, you can bet we'll be one of the first over the finish line.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze has fostered a reputation for delivering quality and value in the UK glass industry. Learn more about our state-of-the-art glass toughening plant and our long and proud history. Or get in touch with our experts for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass and railways: how to specify train glass

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:34:00 GMT

What kinds of glass are used for train windows, windscreens and similar applications? Find out in our guide.

Most industries rely on glass in some way. However, the world of glass fabrication is so multifaceted that each industry uses different products in different ways.
The train and railway industries are no exception. Glass is used for train windows, windscreens, display screens and more.
Not just any glass will do, however. The most important distinction in this context is between safety glass and non-safety glass.
Both are umbrella terms that cover different products. But the key difference is the way the glass breaks.
Take the glass that glasses and tumblers are made of. If you drop a wine glass, it will shatter. Or take a pane of annealed glass, the kind that was predominantly used for domestic windows in the 20th century. Throw a brick at it and it will shatter into harmful shards.
In the industry, these kinds of glass don't count as safety glass. They wouldn't cut it, for instance, as the glass for an elevator or a balcony – or a train window.
No, these applications – and pretty much every application in the train industry – require something altogether tougher. Enter safety glass.

What is safety glass and why is it used for trains?

Safety glass covers different types of glass. But all these types have one thing in common: when they're subjected to force, they don't break into shards.
The two most common in the train industry are toughened and laminated glass. Above all else, these are designed to be strong and impact-resistant.
After all, train windows are vulnerable to all sorts of impacts: from branches to gravel, from birds to unwanted projectiles. If anything but safety glass is used, the safety of passengers – and on freight trains, stock – is put in danger.
Toughened glass (also known as tempered glass) is a common choice for train manufacturers. It's heated at a high temperature and then cooled rapidly. This quenching process excites the molecules in such a way that the glass sets with a higher tensile strength. It also means the glass won't shatter into jagged shards.

In the event of a collision, toughened glass will break into lots of small, harmless pieces. This keeps passengers and stock safe, as well as limiting the damage done to the train interior.
Sometimes, even toughened glass isn't tough enough. This is often the case, for instance, in high-speed trains.
For these, laminated glass is used. This type of glass is created by bonding a plastic interlayer between two panes of glass.
If you've ever walked past a car with a broken windscreen, you'll have seen laminated glass. Unlike toughened glass, it's shatterproof. If you hit it with enough force, cracks like a spider's web appear across the surface but the glass retains its structural stability.
These types of safety glass, then, are industry-standard for train windows and windscreens. Sometimes, however, thermoplastics like polycarbonate are used – and sometimes chemically strengthened glass.

What is chemically strengthened glass?

Chemically strengthened glass is a super-tough glass that's typically somewhere between six and eight times stronger than float glass. When it breaks, however, it shatters into long, pointed splinters. This means it doesn't qualify as safety glass.
Its awesome toughness, however, makes it a popular choice for railways nonetheless. Often trademarked as Gorilla glass, it's strengthened with chemicals after production.
In the train and railway industries, chemically strengthened glass is often used for the side windows of bullet trains.

Smart glass windows

The glass fabrication industry is changing all the time. One of the most exciting recent advancements is smart glass .
This is a type of glass that can be switched from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button. It's used in all sorts of domestic and commercial settings – from office partitions to medical privacy screens, from shower doors to car sunroofs.
The train industry is always innovating, too. So, it's no surprise that some train manufacturers have embraced the thermal, visual and acoustic enhancements that smart glass can provide.

Most trains, of course, still use simple blinds. But some are embracing smart glass, allowing passengers to dim the glass itself. Aside from enabling passengers to control the light coming into the compartment, it also gives them privacy when the train is stationary.
Some are even multi-zone windows. This technology lets you dim parts of the window but not others. It's a level of comfort and control that's sure to catch on as manufacturers become more aware of smart glass and its potential.
At ToughGlaze, we have our own range of toughened smart glass that can be used for train windows and a plethora of other applications.

Panoramic trains

On some trains, the windows curve onto the roof, providing panoramic views. These use curved glass: glass that's fired in a mould.
Perhaps the most famous panoramic trains are in Switzerland. Take the Bernina Express. This is the highest train route in Europe, offering unobstructed views of the Alpine peaks between Chur and Tirano.
Some panoramic trains even have a glass aperture in the roof. This skyward view is available to passengers taking the Luzern Interlaken Express between Lucerne and Interlaken in Switzerland.
Outside of Switzerland, the most famous panoramic train is probably the Rocky Mountaineer in Western Canada. This covers more than 600 miles between Vancouver and Jasper.
Its oversized, curved windows cover almost the whole of the roof. Passengers can swivel and recline in their seats to maximise their enjoyment of the spectacular views.

The bottom line

When installing glass on trains, safety is paramount. For this reason, safety glass products like toughened and laminated glass are frequently used. Both of these can be "smart" or "switchable", changing from transparent to opaque at the switch of a button.
Sometimes, however, an especially tough non-safety glass like chemically strengthened glass can be used instead of toughened or laminated panels.
Are you looking for train glass? As one of the UK's most trusted glass processors, ToughGlaze offers toughened , laminated and smart glass panels cut to your precise requirements. Contact our experts today for a quick, competitive quote.

How do they curve glass?

Fri, 08 Nov 2024 07:51:00 GMT

Curved glass is used in all manner of settings. But how is it made? Get to grips with the process in our guide.

Our world is full of objects – and people don't always know how they're made.
Take glass. Ask your average Jo how glass is made and she might mention glass blowers, furnaces and sand. But few could tell you the manufacturing process in any detail.
Yet glass is everywhere. Wherever in the world you are right now, you're reading this on a glass screen. You might be sitting by a glass window, drinking from, yep, a glass. None of this would be possible if it weren't for highly precise and specialised processes.
Of course, your average Jo isn't wrong. From one point of view, glass is just sand plus heat – a lot of heat, sure, but heat nonetheless. Industrial glass, however, is made from sand and other materials measured out in precise quantities.
That's before you get into the world of laminated glass , toughened glass or the topic of today's article: curved glass.
Common sense will tell you that if you try to bend or curve a pane of glass, it will break. Yet bent glass has been used in architecture since the early 19th century – and today it's everywhere.
Despite its Victorian origins, curved or bent glass didn't become generally available until the 1990s. This was made possible by the development of the first horizontal tempering machine with a bending furnace.
So, how is it made, exactly? The answer involves a furnace, a mould and a heck of a lot of heat.
How is curved glass made?
When it was invented in the late 19th century, curved glass was very expensive. Even today, it comes at a cost. That's because precision is the order of the day.
This is true of all types of glass, sure. But with curved glass, the slightest difference in details can spell disaster for the finished product.
It takes time – but above all it takes skill. (Look, we don't need to tell you, but don't try this at home.)

First, the sheet of glass that's going to be curved is cut to size. This in itself is a job requiring surgical precision. Whether the glass processor uses a manual blade or a cutting machine, just the right amount of pressure is required.
Next, the glass must be cleaned. This is because dust and impurities can lead the glass to crack or shatter. This isn't something a glass processor can afford to get wrong.
The glass is checked with a UV lamp. This shows up any specks that are invisible to the naked eye. The glass is then cleaned and polished.
Next, a steel mould is constructed. This is shaped to match the radius and dimensions of the curve.
At this point, you might be wondering why glass in a furnace doesn't stick to the mould. To stop this happening, the glass is covered with a mixture of detergent and calcium carbonate.
Applying this mixture isn't so different from greasing a baking tray – but unlike making a split tin loaf, a failed piece of curved glass will cost you.
The glass is now placed inside the mould and loaded into the furnace. It's turned up to around 700°C (1,292°F) – hot enough to melt the glass so it starts to take on the shape of the mould.
The glass should now be curved. However, before it's removed from the factory, it needs to be cooled. This is a gradual process that can take a couple of hours or more.
By now, it should be apparent why curved glass is often more expensive than flat glass. One word for you: moulds.
Sheets of glass can be made in large numbers with the same process over and over again. They can then be cut to size. But if you want a piece of curved glass for your building, a bespoke mould will have to be created. This adds a stage of complexity to the process that ends up on your bill.

Some types of curved glass – windscreens, for instance – can be produced en masse. But customised curved glass is a bespoke process that's for special occasions only.
What is it used for?
Curved glass is a surprisingly versatile product. In architecture, it can be found in balustrades, balconies, revolving doors, staircases, partitions and more.
Fish swim in curved tanks. Some smartphone screens are curved for effect. Windscreens, coffee tables, shower screens… the list goes on. And on. And on.
One notable example of curved glass in art is the American artist Edward Hopper's 1942 painting Nighthawks. This classic artwork shows four people having a late dinner in a downtown diner.
It's not obvious on first viewing, but once you've clocked it you can't miss it. That iconic window is curved!
Is curved glass tougher than flat glass?
Curved glass is often tougher than flat glass. This is a direct result of the bending process. The use of a mould creates a shell-like structure that's more resistant to bending than flat glass.
Curved glass can also be toughened or laminated for extra toughness. These types of glass are varieties of safety glass – a type of glass that's designed to break safely and can be built to withstand manual attack, extreme weather and even bullets.
Toughened glass, for instance, is more than five times stronger than standard annealed glass – and that goes for curved glass, too. When it breaks, it shatters into lots of tiny, harmless pieces rather than jagged shards.
Laminated glass, meanwhile, maintains its structural stability even when dealt a hefty blow. Formed of two panes of glass with a plastic interlayer, it breaks without shattering. The outer pane cracks in a spider's web pattern while staying in its frame.
Do you need curved glass for a project? At ToughGlaze, we do everything glass – including toughening, laminating and, yes, curving. Talk to our commercial glass specialists today for a quick, competitive quote.

Does glass occur in nature?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 13:34:00 GMT

The world is filled with specimens of naturally occurring glass. Learn all about them in our accessible article.

Here's a question for you: how is glass made?
There's a technical answer. The glass industry is a finely tuned operation, made possible by highly specialised furnaces, moulds and cutting machines. And that's before you get into the weird and wonderful world of decorative glass.
But there's also a straightforward answer. Glass equals sand plus heat. A lot of heat, for sure – we're not talking about the temperatures obtained by a kitchen oven. But at the end of the day, if you want to make glass, you just need to expose sand to extreme heat.
This raises another question. Could glass occur in nature? After all, the world is filled with sources of extreme heat. Lava. Lightning. Wildfires. Long ago, meteorites blasted craters in the Earth. Could these heat sources turn the Earth's sand into glass?
The answer, you may be surprised to learn, is yes. The world is full of naturally occurring glass, much of it exceptionally beautiful. Let's take a closer look.

Obsidian

Obsidian forms when volcanic lava rapidly cools, creating a hard, brittle material that is often strikingly black.
Today, you might see it for sale in shops that sell jewellery or gemstones. But back in the Stone Age, it was used to make cutting tools and weapons.
You see, obsidian is amorphous. This means that it fractures with sharp edges – and we mean sharp. Obsidian can be sharper than steel, making it ideal for close combat weapons.
But obsidian hasn't only been used for violent ends. It's still used to make scalpels (although the FDA doesn't allow obsidian blades to be used on humans). And in the 13th and 14th centuries, Aztec priests would use obsidian mirrors to communicate with the dead.

Fulgurites

There's a reason people are scared as well as thrilled by lightning. It can blow up trees, set buildings on fire and injure humans and animals. The air that lightning passes through can reach up to 27,760ºC (50,000ºF) – that's five times hotter than the sun.

But as well as wreaking destruction, lightning can create beautiful natural artefacts known as fulgurites.
These remarkable specimens look simultaneously natural and alien – branching, root-like, crusty tubes that are formed when lightning strikes sand.
They're most commonly found in mountains, which act as natural lightning rods. Fulgurites can be seen in the French Alps, the Pyrenees, the Sierra Nevada and elsewhere.

Impactites

Not all impactites are glass. The term refers to a rock created or modified by a meteorite strike. But sometimes, a rock from outer space can turn sand into glass.
Examples of impactite glass include moldavites, an olive-green glass formed some 15 million years ago, and Libyan desert glass or "Great Sand Sea glass". This latter material is found in the eastern Sahara and, like obsidian, was once used to make sharp-edged tools.
In South Australia, Edeowie glass may be an impactite. However, some believe it to be the product of ancient grassland fires or lightning strikes.

Trinitite

Trinitite is a curious inclusion in this list. It's a type of glass that has never been manufactured but is nevertheless manmade.
This might sound like a riddle until you learn that trinitite is the glassy residue formed in the desert by the Trinity nuclear bomb test in 1945. This "nuclear melt glass" is naturally occurring in the sense that it's found in the desert and wasn't intentionally made by humans.
Trinitite is typically light green, although red and black specimens have been found. There are still some pieces at the Trinity site near Alamogordo in New Mexico. Most of it, however, was bulldozed and buried eight years after the blast.
In the immediate aftermath of the bomb test, trinitite was used for jewellery. Souvenir collectors and tradespeople believed, or chose to believe, that it wasn't dangerous. Today, it's known to be radioactive. A sign at the test site warns visitors that "removal of trinitite is theft of Government property and can result in fines and jail time".

Sea glass

Finally, there's sea glass. As with trinitite, this is naturally occurring in one sense but not in another. It's formed by fragments of glass weathered by the sea. The result is natural frosted glass – no need for industrial manufacturing.
You can frost a piece of glass in an afternoon. The sea, however, takes its time. Sea glass can take between 20 and 200 years to attain its cloudy surface sheen and smooth, rounded edges.
Holding a piece of sea glass in your hands, you can easily fall into a daydream. What was once a broken bottle or other piece of glassware has been rolling and tumbling in the depths for years, before getting washed up on shore. What temperature is needed to form glass?
There's a reason why naturally occurring glass is formed by lightning, lava and meteors. The heat required to turn sand into glass is immense – around 1,700 degrees Celsius. That's about the same temperature as a space shuttle re-entering the Earth's atmosphere.
Industrial glass, of course, requires more than just heat and sand. Manufacturers add soda ash and lime to melt the sand – and they can then treat the glass in a huge variety of ways.
Glass can be laminated with a plastic interlayer for additional strength or to add colour. It can be frosted, sandblasted , digitally printed , made fire-resistant … The list goes on.
It can also be tempered or toughened .This is where an existing sheet of glass is heated at around 600 degrees Celsius and then cooled rapidly. The result is a type of glass that shatters into small, harmless pieces, rather than jagged shards.
So next time you see a piece of glass, just think – whether naturally occurring or manmade, it took a heck of a lot of heat to get there.
ToughGlaze is a toughened glass supplier based near Milton Keynes in the UK. With more than 30 years of experience and a reputation for quality and innovation, we're trusted by dozens of businesses the world over. For a quick, competitive quote, don't hesitate to get in touch .

Top glass industry events in 2025

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 15:38:00 GMT

Work in glass? Keen to flex your networking muscles? Check out our guide to 2025's top industry events.

Stop press!
Very soon after you read this – the night of Friday 29 November 2024, to be exact – the ToughGlaze team will be at the London Hilton hotel to take part in the G24 Awards .
In case you're unaware, the G Awards is the glass industry's premier awards event. Since 2004, the ceremony has recognised some of the sector's biggest, brightest and most innovative companies.
This year, we're nominated for the Glass Company of the Year award . This is one of the ceremony's top accolades, so to say we're delighted would be an understatement.
We're crossing our fingers for a win – but to have been chosen as a nominee is an honour in itself. And best of luck to our fellow finalists Glass Express Midlands, Go Glass, Morley Glass & Glazing and Padiham Glass.
In celebration of our nomination, we thought we'd shout out some of the other glass industry events taking place over the next 12 months or so.
From awards to trade shows, these are the places to be if you want to grow your contact list and uncover new business opportunities. Let's don our hobnobbing hats and get ready to network with the best…
Glass industry events in Q1 2025
BAU 2025
When: Monday 13 January to Friday 17 January Where: Trade Fair Center Messe München, Munich, Germany
BAU dubs itself "the world's leading trade fair for architecture, materials and systems". Each year, it attracts hundreds of thousands of participants from the worlds of architecture, planning, investment and construction.
27th International Congress on Glass
When: Monday 20 January to Friday 24 January Where: Biswa Bangla Convention Centre, Kolkata, India
In 2025, the International Congress on Glass will return to India for the first time in nearly 40 years. The organisers have marked the occasion by inviting expert speakers from the worlds of material science, engineering and industry. The theme is sustainability.
Glassman Asia 2025
When: Wednesday 12 and Thursday 13 February Where: Bangkok, Thailand (venue TBC)
One of the region's top glass trade shows, Glassman Asia returns to Bangkok for its 2025 edition. It promises more than 70 exhibitors, over 30 expert speakers and hundreds of products to peruse and purchase.
Glass industry events in Q2 2025
FIT Show 2025

When: Tuesday 29 April to Thursday 1 May Where: The National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham, UK
If you're in the UK and you at least dabble in glass or glazing, you've no doubt heard of FIT Show. In 2025, the trade show expects at least 10,000 visitors and 200 exhibiting brands, so you won't be short of networking opportunities if you attend.
Future Facade 2025
When: Wednesday 7 and Thursday 8 May Where: Jaarbeurs, Utrecht, Netherlands
Future Facade is a brand-new event that aims to bring together designers, architects and other professionals in the facade industry. Does that sound like you? Spots remain open for exhibitors, so jump in while you can.
Glassman Europe 2025
When: Wednesday 14 and Thursday 15 May Where: Istanbul, Türkiye (venue TBC)
Glassman Europe promises to be even bigger than its Asian cousin. The conference expects to welcome more than 60 speakers and 60 exhibitors, as well as thousands of decision-makers from across the glass industry.
Glasstech Canada
When: Wednesday 14 and Thursday 15 May Where: The International Centre, Toronto, Canada
Glasstech Canada (and its sister event, Doors and Windows Canada) returns for its second edition in 2025. According to the organisers, the show is "the only international B2B trade show for the glass industry in Canada", so get it in your diary if you're in the Great White North.
China Glass 2025
When: Monday 26 to Thursday 29 May Where: China International Exhibition Centre, Beijing, China
China Glass is easily one of Asia's biggest glass industry events. The 2024 edition saw 877 companies fly in from 29 countries. These brands were joined by more than 126,000 visitors. Here's hoping 2025's event will be even bigger.
Glass Performance Days
When: Tuesday 10 to Thursday 12 June Where: Nokia Arena, Tampere, Finland
Taking place every two years, Glass Performance Days aims to bring together glass industry professionals "from around the world and the entire industry value chain". Its emphasis is on keynote speakers and the exchange of ideas, though exhibition slots are also available.
Glass industry events in Q3 2025
Glasstech Mexico
When: Wednesday 16 to Friday 18 July Where: Expo Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
Glasstech Mexico aims to become the biggest glass and window trade show in Spanish-speaking Latin America. The 2025 edition – its fifth – is expected to attract 180 global exhibitors from the glazing and glass processing industries.
Vitrum
When: Monday 1 to Thursday 4 September Where: Fiera Milano, Milan, Italy
Vitrum focuses on glassmaking and processing machinery. While this might sound niche, the event is notable for its sheer breadth of industry coverage. Vitrum lists no less than 146 sectors on its website, ranging from "handling robots" to "screen printing machines".
Glasspro India and Glassplex India
When: Wednesday 10 to Friday 12 September Where: Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India
Glasspro India will, it says, "[showcase] the latest and finest trends and innovation in flat and processed glass products and applications". It's held concurrently with its sister event, Glassplex, which focuses on production technologies and processes.
Glass industry events in Q4 2025
Glassbuild America
When: Tuesday 4 to Thursday 6 November Where: Orange County Convention Center, Florida, USA
Glassbuild America is huge . In 2024, the event attracted more than 500 exhibitors and around 9,000 attendees. Next year's event promises a similar story, with a jam-packed lineup of educational speakers, award ceremonies and exhibiting brands.
Glazing Summit 2025
When: TBC Where: TBC
We can't talk about glass industry events without giving a nod to Glazing Summit. It's one of the country's biggest shows and a must-visit for UK-based industry professionals. The date and venue for next year's event are yet to be announced. However, if the last few years are anything to go by, it will again take place at Edgbaston Cricket Ground in Birmingham.
G25
When: TBC Where: TBC
As with Glazing Summit, the dates and venue for next year's G Awards are yet to be announced. Until then, wish us luck with our 2024 award nomination !
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted commercial glass suppliers . For more industry news and analysis, follow our blog .

What kind of glass is used in marine environments?

Thu, 31 Oct 2024 23:54:00 GMT

Marine glazing needs to withstand a lot of environmental stress. Find out what kinds of glass are used.

These days, glass can be extremely tough. However, marine environments present unique pressures and stresses: not just water itself, but wind and fog, too. This means architects, designers and installers need to choose the right glass products for marine and submarine environments.
Above all, durability and safety are must-haves. Any compromise on these will lead to safety issues and expensive repairs down the line.
At ToughGlaze, we produce high-quality toughened and laminated glass that can take a beating on land and at sea. In this article, we take a closer look at some common and not-so-common marine applications.

Boat windows
Whether your boat is for commercial or personal use, it needs windows that can withstand saltwater spray, fluctuations in temperature and wind pressure.
This isn't just because you don't want to end up shelling out for replacement windows. It's also to keep you and your crew as safe as possible.
Portholes, fixed or sliding windows, storm shutters and hinged windows – all can be made from toughened glass for maximum durability.
Toughened glass is up to five times stronger than regular glass. When it breaks, it shatters into lots of harmless little pieces – no jagged shards that can cause injury.
Good-quality toughened glass is also crystal-clear, meaning you get a superb level of safety with no compromise to those gorgeous sea views.
It's also energy efficient. So, if you're looking to reduce your vessel's carbon footprint, toughened glass is the way to go.

Submarines
Toughened glass is well-suited to marine applications, but only above water.
There's a straightforward reason for this. When a toughened glass window breaks, you get a hole in the side of your boat – clearly not something you want in a submarine!
This is why the windows on deep-sea subs are made of acrylic. This is tough – really tough. Thick acrylic is virtually impossible to shatter. When you're dealing with deep-sea water pressure, that's the kind of strength you want to see.

Tourist subs and glass-bottomed boats often use acrylic, too. Some, however, use laminated glass.

Beachfront balustrades and balconies
One of the best things about beachfront villas and other properties is getting to sit on the balcony or decking. Why live next to the sea if you can't soak up the views and breathe in the sea air?
Glass balconies and balustrades are ideal for this setting – especially in the UK, where "wildness and wet" is a familiar phenomenon. They let you enjoy the sea air even when there's a storm in the offing.
However, the glass used in these installations has to be up to scratch. After all, a glass balustrade or balcony on a beachfront is going to take a beating from salty air, strong windows and thick fog.
Go for cut-price glass and you'll end up with cloudy, dull glazing, no matter how hard and how often you give it a scrub.
So, if you're a designer, installer or property owner looking for sea-friendly glass, make sure you go for high-quality toughened and laminated glass from an accredited supplier.

Smart glass for luxury yachts
The glass industry is always developing. One of the most exciting recent advances has been smart glass – or switchable glass, as it's sometimes known.
This is a type of glass that can be switched on and off. Want a little privacy? Simply press a button and your transparent glass panel turns opaque in under a second.
It can be found in hospitals, changing rooms, car sunroofs, domestic bathrooms, private jets – and also luxury yachts.
Smart glass is a functional product, but it also has an undeniable air of sophistication. This makes it ideal for high-end applications such as luxury yachts.

Biofilm-resistant glass
The US Navy has a problem: biofilm.
Biofilm is the slimy layer of microorganisms that grows on wet surfaces. Each year, the Navy spends around $200 million cleaning it off its underwater vessels.
This isn't about keeping up appearances. This nasty residue increases the ship's drag and fuel usage. Moreover, biofilm can corrode oceanographic equipment and obscure the view from windows.
Most of the time, the Navy uses biocidal coatings to rid their vessels of biofilm – but this is bad for marine life and doesn't last long.
However, a team of researchers at the University of Massachusetts have developed a biofilm-resistant glass. It will be interesting to see if this catches on in other marine applications.

Environmental considerations
In general, glass has a well-deserved reputation for being an environmentally friendly material. After all, it's an industrial product that's 100% recyclable.
Nevertheless, glass waste in the ocean is a problem. It can injure marine animals and habitats and, when washed up onto beaches, can create litter and damage coastal wildlife.
A message in a bottle is one thing – but think twice before you drop glass waste overboard or onto a coastal area.
What is sea glass?
All of the glass products we've mentioned above are manufactured. But sea glass is glass detritus that's been beautified by the sea itself.
Also known as "ocean glass" or "mermaid's tears", sea glass is what happens when glass waste gets thrown about by ocean waves for decades or even centuries.
The waves smooth off the sharp edges. The saltwater corrodes the glass, leaching its soda and lime content. This results in a delicate frosted appearance. Sand and sediment etch the surfaces with intricate patterns.
The results are beautiful – and, like fingerprints or snowflakes, each piece is unique. It's no wonder sea glass is a treasured find for beachcombers the world over!
Are you looking for a toughened laminated glass supplier ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a free, no-obligation quote.

How to order glass: the process from A to Z

Fri, 25 Oct 2024 18:13:00 GMT

Looking to order some glass? Follow our guide to make sure you get the right materials for the job.

Are you looking to order glass for a construction, glazing or shop-fitting project? Whether it's a single window or a multi-layered structure, you need to be sure you're getting the right materials for the job.
Compared to players in other industries, however, glass manufacturers, processors and suppliers need lots of information from you. Without the right information, you're likely to end up with the wrong materials – meaning either a botched job or a time-consuming replacement process.
When ordering glass, then, it's important to do your homework to give yourself the best chance of success.
At ToughGlaze, we believe an informed customer is a happy customer. We see our job as entering into a relationship with each client – a relationship where effective communication is key.

Because of this, we've put together a handy guide to ordering glass. Follow these five steps and you'll be thanking us later!

1. Know what you need
Sounds obvious, right? But, in fact, getting the right glass for any job is harder than you might think.
This is the direct result of a positive trend in the glass industry: the movement towards ever-greater choice.
It's never been a better time to buy glass. You can get glass that's toughened or laminated for extra safety. You can get glass that's been fire-rated for extra heat protection. Glass that's been soundproofed . Glass that's built to withstand bomb blasts . Tinted. Frosted. Sandblasted . Screen-printed … Have we made our point yet?
This means you can get glass that's got just the right strength, thickness, durability and appearance for your project. But research is essential to find out what it is.

2. Know your measurements
Again, this might sound obvious. But it's important that, as a customer, you tell us exactly how big your glass should be.
This isn't a case of pedantry, either. We're here to provide materials, not tell people what they need. But in the world of glass, measurements are crucial to the safety of an installation. Get them wrong and you could end up with materials that are not quite strong enough or don't quite fit snugly.

You could say it's like shopping for clothes – but a baggy waist or tight collar isn't a matter of life and death.
So, before you get in touch with a processor or supplier about the glass you need, make sure you've checked and double-checked your measurements. After all, they can only give you what you ask for.

3. Know your tolerances
Tolerances are an essential but often misunderstood aspect of glazing.
Perhaps it's the word itself that's the problem. The concept becomes altogether easier to grasp when you replace the word "tolerance" with the phrase "wiggle room".
Every piece of glass needs to be the right dimensions. But often, you can get away with a millimetre here or a millimetre there. These minimum and maximum variations are your tolerances – and they're essential information to include when you're ordering glass.
It's also important to note that tolerances are the buyer's responsibility. If you don't communicate your requirements effectively, it's on you to pay for replacement panels – not the processor.
So whether you're fitting a single splashback, multiple partitions or anything in between, know your wiggle room. It's vital to the success or failure of any glazing project.

4. Know your turnaround
Any installer or architect will tell you that the success of a project doesn't just depend on the materials – it also depends on a well-oiled schedule.
When ordering glass, make sure you've left enough time for the glass to be cut, treated and delivered. Otherwise, you're looking at delays (also known in the business as "a waste of money").
You should also factor in delays on the supplier's side. Of course, a reputable firm will always process their products on time. But sometimes, delays are out of their control – especially at a time when supply chain disruptions are the rule rather than the exception.

Before you place an order for glass, make sure you know when you need it and what will happen if there are unavoidable delays. Communicating this to your glass processor increases your chances of success.

5. Know what to look for in a provider
In some ways, this is the most important point of all. You can pick the best product in the world. You can make sure your measurements and tolerances are bang on. You can plan your project with military precision.
Sadly, none of this will add up to a hill of beans if you work with a bad provider.
Picking the right provider isn't easy in a crowded market. But at the very least, you need to be sure they're experienced and accredited.
Look for accreditations such as ISO standards and Kitemark approval. These are objective standards that demonstrate excellence. Without them, you're pretty much shooting in the dark.
If you're ordering toughened glass, you might also want to check if your provider offers heat soak testing . This can dramatically reduce the possibility of spontaneous breakage.
Ultimately, a good provider can make the difference between a successful job and a logistical nightmare. Don't cut corners – shop around and pick the right provider for you!

Bonus tip
Follow these five steps and you're in with a shot of getting the right materials for your project. But here's a bonus tip for you: at every step of the process, ask questions.
Yes, it's a simple piece of advice but so often neglected. If you're unsure about something, ask! Treat your provider as a partner – one who takes the success of your project as seriously as you.
At ToughGlaze, we treat our customers as partners. Any questions? Just ask .
Are you looking for high-quality, made-to-measure toughened glass ? Don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass for wayfinding: examples and considerations

Fri, 18 Oct 2024 07:25:00 GMT

Wayfinding is an essential part of any business environment. Find out how glass can unlock new possibilities.

Offices are like cities. They're much more pleasant places to be when you can find your way around easily.
Running late for an appointment? The last thing you want to find is an office that's not effectively signposted.
When it comes to wayfinding, functionality is a huge issue. Signs should be accessible and easy to understand. Informational overload isn't just a nuisance – it can damage the reputation of your company.
But wayfinding also creates design opportunities that can make your brand identity sing like a canary.
When getting signs installed, toughened glass is the perfect material for the job. Not only is it durable – it's also versatile. In fact, there's never been a better time to customise glass signage.
Here at ToughGlaze, we cut toughened glass to meet your requirements – and we can decorate it to your heart's content.
Here, then, are some common examples of glass for wayfinding. We hope they point you in the right direction!

The four stages of wayfinding
Wayfinding is primarily about getting people from A to B. But it can actually be split into four stages – and each one needs to be reflected in your signs.
The first is orientation. People need to understand quickly where they are in relation to their destination.
Secondly, there's route decision. This answers the question, "Where do I need to go?"
Thirdly, there's route monitoring. As you head to your destination, you want to be reassured by additional signage that you're going the right way.
Finally, there's destination recognition. This lets you know that you've reached your destination – be it a hanging sign, a room name or a door number.

Office signage
Whichever way your signs are pointing, toughened glass is the way to go.
This is partly because, as the name suggests, it's tough – around five times tougher than standard annealed glass.
But it's also clear, beautiful and easily customised. You can easily decorate it so it blends seamlessly with your office environment.

You can get text or images digitally printed or screen printed in photorealistic quality. You can get frosted and tinted effects, mesh fabric interlayers – even smart glass that can be switched on and off with a button on your smartphone.
The possibilities are wide-ranging and exciting. Have a look at our product range to find out more about your options.

Colour coding
Many organisations now use colour coding to make signs more legible. It helps avoid overcrowded signs with text and graphics. This, in turn, reduces the likelihood of information overload.
If you do opt for colour-coded signs, consider glass as your primary material. Glass can be laminated with coloured interlayers and many processors (ourselves included) offer a huge array of hues. Choose the precise colour from the palette that matches your brand identity.
The result is signage that's useful, beautiful and coordinated. What's not to like?

Additional information
The main purpose of a sign is to show the way. But wayfinding signs can also be extremely useful display boards for information.
They can include essential messaging about business hours, emergency procedures, WiFi codes and more. They can tell staff and visitors which areas are restricted.
As with all signage, legibility is extremely important. When designing informational signs, you want the text to be legible and your designs to be spaced out. No one wants to be stressed out by a confusing or unclear sign.
Digital wayfinding tools
Over the years, wayfinding has come a long way – from breadcrumb trails and stick charts to digitally printed signs. A recent development has been the use of digital wayfinding.
These are cloud-powered, self-service kiosks that provide the user with easy-to-read floor plans and digital maps. They also sometimes take the form of mounted iPads and touchscreens – a cheaper but no less effective solution.

Kiosks, iPads and touchscreens are especially valuable in large offices and facilities, as well as in locations where rooms have different functions or layout changes are the norm. On top of this, they can be useful to remote or hybrid workers who aren't familiar with the office environment.
They're found more and more in hospitals, urban routes, corporate offices and other settings – and there's no indication that adoption will slow down anytime soon.
In all these cases, manufacturers turn to thin, durable, scratch-resistant glass, often with a toughened glass protector to mitigate any knocks or bumps.

Considerations
Glass for wayfinding comes with its own challenges and considerations. These are both functional ("How can we make this signage effective?") and aesthetic ("How can we make it look the part?")

As well as working with a high-quality glass vendor, you should keep the following three points in mind.
1. Is it visible?
This might sound silly – but when it comes to wayfinding, visibility is all. After all, there's no point in having directions and information positioned in a way that's hard to read. Make sure your designs are legible, spaced out and placed at the right height.
2. Does it reflect your brand identity?
Glass signage is a great way to reinforce your brand identity, be it through logos, brand colours, fonts or other visual details. Wayfinding signs that don't match your brand are a missed opportunity. Don't let it happen to you!
3. Is there a good balance of privacy and light?
Every building has to balance the benefits of natural light with the need for privacy. This can be achieved through the use of tinted or sandblasted glass , as well as switchable smart glass that gives you privacy on demand.
Keep these three points in mind and you'll put yourself in a stronger position to get wayfinding signs that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Just make sure you're getting your glass from a reputable provider!
Are you looking for high-quality toughened glass for wayfinding applications? Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Spotting high-quality glass: an insider's guide

Mon, 14 Oct 2024 21:58:00 GMT

What makes glass high-quality? Discover 5 essential things to look for when buying glass for a project.

As consumers, we live in a time of unparalleled choice. Show someone from the 1970s a modern-day consumer catalogue and you might as well show them a donkey with three heads. There are just so many options!
Yes, the market is flooded with products – and glass is no exception. Like most things in life, this isn't a black-and-white, good-or-bad scenario. It has benefits for customers and can give them a mild headache, too.
The main difficulty lies in identifying quality. How do you know, for instance, that one sheet of glass is clearer or stronger or more thermally efficient than another? To the untrained eye, they all look pretty much the same, don't they?

That's why we've put together this guide to spotting quality in glass products. We hope it helps you choose the right materials for your project, whether it's a DIY job or a commercial enterprise.
1. Clarity
Not all glass is clear. At ToughGlaze, we offer tinted glass, frosted glass, glass with coloured interlayers , and more. Still, nine times out of 10, you want glass that's clear as day.
Not all glass, however, has an equally high level of clarity. This is because the manufacturing process can create unwanted optical distortions.
Take roller wave distortion in toughened glass . This happens during the manufacturing process. As the molten glass cools, it passes over large rollers, leaving a slightly wavy appearance.
Roller wave distortion doesn't affect the strength or durability of the glass. Often, you can only see it in a certain light. Even so, you want to be sure the level of roller wave distortion in your order is acceptable. Your best bet is to work with a reputable, experienced processor with high-end equipment.
The same goes for tiny scratches, bubbles, blisters and particle inclusions. Make sure these defects are kept to a bare minimum or eliminated altogether for peace of mind.

2. Energy efficiency
In recent decades, building regulations and best practices have changed dramatically in the glass and fenestration sector.

Rewind to the last millennium. Homes, offices and other public buildings were mostly single-glazed. This meant one thing: poor heat retention.
In winter, your heating would leak out into the street – and in summer, the building was a sweat lodge.
This way of living wasn't just uncomfortable. It was also bad for the environment.
Today, thermal efficiency and sustainability are more important than ever. But how can you tell if a piece of glass is thermally efficient?
Well, if you're buying glass for windows , the more panes the better: you want double or triple glazing. This keeps the cold out and the heat in, meaning you'll be reaching for the thermostat less often.
Then there are special types of glass manufactured for thermal efficiency: low-emissivity (low-E) glass, for instance. This is coated in a microscopic metal oxide that reflects heat back into the room. Solar control glass has a similar effect via a slightly different method.
But perhaps your best bet is to invest in toughened or laminated glass. This is great at promoting heat retention – and it's tough as old boots, too.

3. Strength
When it comes to glass, strength is all. This is true whether you're getting new windows in the kitchen or managing a large-scale structural glazing project. No matter how clear and thermally efficient your materials are, safety calls for super-strong glass.
Toughened and laminated glass are the way to go.
Toughened glass is around five times stronger than standard float glass – and it's all thanks to the manufacturing process. Glass is toughened in a furnace at an extremely high temperature and then cooled rapidly.
This means that when it breaks, it shatters into lots of harmless particles rather than rough injurious shards.
Laminated glass, by contrast, is a kind of glass sandwich with a plastic interlayer bonded between two glass panels.

If you've ever walked past a broken car windscreen, you'll have seen how laminated glass breaks. The cracks spread in a pattern not unlike a spider's web, but the glass itself stays in its frame.
Some contexts call for extra toughness. That's where security glass comes in. This is glass that's built to withstand bullets, bandits and bombs.
Toughened and laminated glass have all manner of applications. They can be customised, too.

4. Customisability
Does your glass processor offer plenty of opportunities to customise your glass? Chances are, they're working with high-quality equipment and have valuable experience under their belts.
Customisability is one of the unsung virtues of modern glass. It can be decorated in a remarkable number of ways, from a tastefully coloured splashback to a sandblasted office partition.
You can get your glass frosted, tinted or sandblasted for privacy. You can get it digitally or screen printed with a logo or text to reflect your brand identity. Or you can get it fitted with coloured interlayers that show your taste and personality.
If your budget allows, you can also explore the world of smart glass . Sometimes known as "switchable glass", this is a fantastic product that can be switched on and off at the touch of a button.
Want a bit of privacy? Simply tap the button on your smart home app. This can be highly useful in settings where you need privacy on demand – from offices to hospitals to domestic bathrooms.

5. Work with the best
So far, we've looked at qualities of the glass itself. But where you buy it from is perhaps the most important consideration of all.
Whatever you're buying it for, you need to be sure that your processor is experienced, knowledgeable, flexible and accredited.
At ToughGlaze, we've been providing glass since 1993. We stock a huge range of commercial glass products . Each and every one carries the Kitemark seal of quality.
So, if you're in the market for high-quality glass, get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

How to choose glass for partitions

Fri, 11 Oct 2024 14:06:00 GMT

A glass partition can enhance any office environment. Get the lowdown on the kinds of glass you can use.

In today's business world, one thing is certain: people take more notice of your walls than you might think.
Of course, not every visitor is striding up to the walls and perusing them at length. But their first impression of your business will depend, at least in part, on the quality of your walls.
Think of it this way. If you visit a potential customer, supplier or partner and they're working in an office with peeling walls, they'll need to work that bit harder to convince you of their worth.
If, by contrast, you go into an office that's divided by glass partitions , you'll likely come away thinking that they're a modern, forward-thinking firm.
Glass partitions are a great addition to any office environment. Like a black T-shirt, they look good with everything. They let in natural light, making the room seem more spacious and even improving productivity. Furthermore, many examples can be moved with ease, giving you an unprecedented level of control and flexibility over your office design.
But what kind of glass should you choose? It's not necessarily an easy question to answer. The glass market is heaving with products. We hope this article helps you choose the right one for your partitions.

1. Toughened and laminated glass
If you're getting partitions installed, you need to know they're robust. Structural weaknesses are a no-no. It's not just that you don't want to pay for a repair or replacement – it's also that the safety of your staff and visitors is at stake.
Toughened glass and laminated glass are two strong options – in both senses of the word. They're both categorised as safety glass, meaning they resist impacts more effectively than standard annealed glass.
In the case of toughened glass, this is because it shatters into lots of harmless pieces rather than jagged shards. In the case of laminated, it's because it takes a huge amount of force to break – and when it finally gives way, it maintains structural stability.

But toughened and laminated glass aren't just as tough as old boots. They're also easy to customise and decorate. Let's take a look…

2. Decorative glass
Glass doesn't have to be purely functional. It can be decorated in all manner of ways to fit your business's aesthetic.
The possibilities are nearly endless, but here are some options you can explore:
Screen printing and digital printing
These methods fire the glass with ceramic inks that last as long as the glass itself. You could order a partition emblazoned with your logo, company name or other visuals.
Here at ToughGlaze, our digitally printed sheets of toughened glass are of photorealistic quality, helping you achieve that sleek, futuristic look.
Sandblasting, frosting and tinting
If you want a partition that offers privacy without blocking the view entirely, these are tasteful options to explore.
Then there's coloured glass – but more of that later. How about glass that can be both transparent and opaque?

3. Switchable smart glass
Open-plan offices are now so widely accepted that a return to cubicles and sternly shut doors seems about as appealing as an origami desk. But despite the sense of space and hospitality that these types of offices create, there's a problem. What if you want some privacy?
The need for privacy is an unavoidable part of office life. Confidential matters need to be discussed at all levels of any organisation. But glass houses don't lead to frank conversations.
Switchable smart glass is a solution to this problem. Its advanced technology lets you switch a pane of glass on and off. Ours turns from clear to opaque in under a second.
This gives you privacy on demand. Like all our glass products, it's easy to maintain and easy on the eye.

4. Acoustic glass
In the bad old days, glass didn't just let in a draught. It also let in sound. When it comes to soundproofing, single glazing is about as much use as a window made of muslin cloth.

Acoustic glass , by contrast, is a variety of toughened glass that seriously muffles the sounds of your office. This can help improve focus in meetings and brainstorming sessions – not to mention blocking out the unwanted chatter of your workmates.

5. Security glass
In some situations, you need more than safety – you need security.
Of course, in everyday English, the difference is slim. But in the world of glass, it's the difference between a material that can withstand bumps and jolts (safety glass) and a material that can withstand bandits, bullets and bombs ( security glass ).
To qualify, security glass has to be rigorously tested. It means your partition will withstand brute force. This can be vital in banks, museums, police stations and other buildings where security is a priority.

6. Coloured glass
Do you want a partition that fits your company's branding and style guidelines? Coloured glass could be just the ticket.
At ToughGlaze, we offer laminated glass with coloured interlayers . Pretty much any hue under the sun can be selected from Vanceva's extensive colour palette.
Coloured glass can be a great way to enhance the personality of your premises, be it bold, bashful or something in between.

Final thoughts
It's never been a better time to buy glass partitions. There are two key reasons why. First, glass has never been more robust or easier to maintain. Secondly, because the opportunities for customisation are so extensive.
Gone are the days when you had to choose between beauty and utility. Today's glass partitions can be works of art that serve a purpose – whether it's to provide extra soundproofing or extra security.
At ToughGlaze, we cut, fire and treat toughened and laminated glass at our state-of-the-art facilities. Whatever your requirements, we can meet them with speed, efficiency and flexibility.
So, if you're in the market for high-quality glass for partitions , don't hesitate to contact ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

A quick guide to glass facades

Mon, 07 Oct 2024 10:25:00 GMT

Glass facades are an eye-catching feature of many modern buildings. Learn all about them in our article.

Done right, a glass facade can be a glamorous and eye-catching addition to any building.
Most often seen on commercial buildings and storefronts, a glass facade covers the outside of the building. It's a feature that speaks volumes about a company's ambition – not to mention its budget.
But glass facades aren't just about looks, as striking as they can be. They're also environmentally friendly – excellent insulators as well as huge funnels for natural light.
The immediate interior of a building with a glass facade is likely to be acoustically pleasing. The facade acts as a soundproof panel, muffling unwanted noise from outside.
However, if there's one thing you can say for sure about glass facades, it's that they're diverse. Every project is unique and no two installations are the same.
Architects and installers need to keep in mind the building's geography, climate and client group. This involves, for instance, creating a design that's suitable for the solar glare and wind exposure of the location.
In this article, we give you a quick tour of glass facades. We cover the types of facades, the materials used and the benefits they can bring to a business.

Types of glass facades
There are two main types of glass facades: curtain walls and storefront walls.
A curtain wall is a non-load-bearing exterior wall. It gets its name from the way it hangs off a building like a curtain. Unlike a curtain, it's typically attached to the floor.
Curtain walls don't support any of the building's weight – only their own load. They're highly functional, withstanding wind and rain and providing a thermal barrier between inside and out. They can also be exquisitely beautiful.
Then there are storefront walls. These are also non-load-bearing glass facades. However, they tend to cover just the ground floor of the building.
What types of glass are used?
Glass facades are made from one of two types of glass products: laminated glass or insulated glass units (IGUs).

Laminated glass consists of two sheets of glass with a plastic interlayer. This makes it extremely hard to break – and in the event of a breakage, the glass stays in its frame.
An IGU is similarly constructed. But instead of a plastic interlayer, it has an inert gas or vacuum between the panes. This stops hot and cold air from flowing in and out.
Types of framing systems
There are four main types of framing systems:

Stick systems
Unitised systems
Semi-unitised systems
Spandrels

Stick systems are a bit like Lego. The parts are delivered to the construction site, where they're assembled and installed.
More often than not, stick systems consist of horizontal extrusions attached between vertical mullions to create a rectangular frame. They're most commonly used in low- and mid-rise glazed buildings.
Unitised systems, by contrast, are prefabricated. They arrive already built and simply need to be installed. This production method means unitised systems often have a high level of performance and weather resistance.
As the name suggests, semi-unitised systems combine features of stick systems and unitised systems. Each piece of glass is bonded into a metal cassette. These are then locked into frames on the construction site.
Finally, there are spandrels. These are opaque glass components used to conceal structural building features such as columns, floors, vents, pipes and wiring. They're one of the reasons why some glass facades have that sleek, unbroken look.
What is a frameless facade?
Frameless facades are the ne plus ultra of modern design. With their unbroken glass surfaces, they radiate class, ambition and wealth.
There are different ways of creating frameless facades. At ToughGlaze, we have an exclusive UK license to use Fischer's "secret fix" systems . It helps create large expanses of glass that are as smooth and clear as ice.
What styles of glass facades are there?
Part of the beauty of glass facades is that they're as versatile as any other glazing. Different styles mean different vibes. A mirrored facade, for instance, is very different from glass with coloured interlayers.

Many architects choose low-iron glass: a material manufactured with a lower iron content than standard glass. The key benefit of low-iron glass is that it removes the green tint sometimes created by multi-layered glass installations.
Then there's smart glass , or "switchable glass", as it's sometimes known. This is a type of glass that can be switched from transparent to opaque at the touch of a button. It's a way of increasing privacy while introducing smart elements into a building.
Last but not least, glass panels can be cut into geometric shapes for a bold, arresting facade.
What is bird-friendly glass?
Every year, thousands of birds fly into glass windows and facades. Why? Because they don't know that the glass is there. As far as they're concerned, they're flying through open air.
The results can be bloody and often fatal. What can be done to stop these injuries and deaths?
The answer is bird-friendly glass. This takes a number of forms. Some manufacturers market glass that's been tinted or fritted for this purpose. Architects can also install UV reflective glass or add patterns or stickers that are visible to birds but not to humans.
It's an area of glass manufacturing that's likely to evolve in the coming years as biodiversity and sustainability continue to mount in importance.
What are the advantages of glass facades?
At ToughGlaze, we provide laminated glass for facades. They help create results that are beautiful, functional and energy-efficient. And, like all our glass products, these materials are highly customisable and can be patterned or coloured to meet your requirements.
They're super strong and super easy to maintain (though you may need a ladder to reach the high parts!)
All in all, a glass facade tells the world that you mean business.
Are you looking for high-quality glass building materials ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

3 fabric-interlayer glass ideas to transform indoor spaces

Fri, 04 Oct 2024 14:23:00 GMT

Learn 3 ways you can use fabric-interlayer glass to add colour, contrast and utility to an indoor space.

Architects and interior designers have long understood the aesthetic potential of glass.
Glass partitions can foster a sense of order and utility in an open-plan environment without sacrificing light. Glass wall cladding can create a smooth, uniform-looking finish that delivers high style with low upkeep. And glass mirrors are pure magic , allowing designers to play with light and space like they're folding the fabric of their own little universe.
But in creative terms, this is child's play. Designers are always seeking new ways to wield glass in indoor spaces – and fabric, funnily enough, might just be the aesthetic skeleton key they're looking for.
Yes, fabric-interlayer glass can unlock all sorts of possibilities in terms of colour, light and geomancy. In this guide, we show you how to put three of these possibilities into action.
But first, let's recap.
What is fabric-interlayer glass?
Fabric-interlayer glass is a type of laminated glass (hence the alternative name, "fabric-interlayer glass").
The usual recipe for laminated glass goes something like this: you take two sheets of glass and fix them together with a polymer interlayer. In simple terms, the interlayer acts as the glue in this glass sandwich.
And, yes – we're vastly simplifying things here. Laminated glass can vary in the number of glass layers, the type of glass used and the interlayer material, among other things.
But the elevator pitch for laminated glass is that it's stronger than standard float glass and breaks more safely. You can't really smash laminated glass: that gluey interlayer holds the shards in place so the glass sheet stays in its frame.
It's useful – but it's also aesthetically versatile. See, you're not limited to using polymer as an interlayer. You can also slip in coloured sheets , smart tinting films and, yes, fabric.
And that's fabric-interlayer glass. It's two or more sheets of glass with one or more textile interlayers. Simple, really.
But the simplest ideas are often the most fruitful. Depending on the fabric, you can do things with patterns, translucencies and contrasts that our glass-making forbears would never have thought possible. If you combine fabric interlayers with other products like coloured films and LED lighting, then the aesthetic potential increases exponentially.

We're sure you're coming up with ideas already. But to give you a head start, here are three we've dreamed up.

1. Fabric privacy screens
Let's say you want to partition off an area that needs privacy – an office boardroom, say. You want to use glass. Anything else would make the space feel dark and dingy.
In this situation, the tried-and-tested option would be frosted glass. It lets light fill the space while blocking prying eyes. Plus, it maintains a clean, modern look with wide-ranging appeal. Job done, right?
Not if you want to try something different. If your theme demands colour and contrast, fabric-interlayer glass might be a better fit.
Using translucent or mesh fabrics, you can limit visibility, let light through and turn the partition itself into a feature. Aesthetically speaking, you can achieve much more with textiles than you could with frosted glass alone – imagine a screen shot through with intricate lace, for instance, or a delicate coloured gauze.
If you need more privacy, you can simply use a tighter weave or combine your fabric with a tinted translucent interlayer. The possibilities are almost endless.

2. Fabric feature walls
Used in privacy screens, fabric's beauty plays second fiddle to its utility. It's there to keep prying eyes out of private spaces – and it just so happens to look pretty snazzy.
But there's no reason why textiles shouldn't take centre stage. You could, for instance, use a bold fabric to help draw the eye to the back of a room – or break up an otherwise drab space with colourful, patterned accents.
Again, the possibilities know no bounds. Imagine a glass partition showcasing a multi-sectioned fabric banner. Or glass wall cladding encasing sheets of paisley-patterned cotton, bringing to mind vintage wallpaper – but without the fusty appearance or issues with upkeep.
Digital printing on glass can achieve similar effects. But as much as we love the printed look, it simply can't reproduce the tactility or textural intricacy of fabric.

Employing fabric-interlayer glass in wall cladding opens up several avenues through which to explore material aesthetics, too. You could, for instance, use a mesh fabric to allow the building's brickwork to show through – or combine it with an opaque coloured interlayer for a sheer modern look.
Our fabric glass can even be used on exterior-facing windows and curtain walls. It's supplied as standard with TGWR: a water-resistant laminate ideal for damp or outdoor environments. It can also be fitted with an SGP layer that's five times stronger than traditional laminates.

3. Fabric illuminated glass
We've talked a little about how our fabric glass can be combined with other ToughGlaze products, such as coloured and translucent interlayers.
But we've saved perhaps the best for last: LED lighting.
TG WOL, our illuminated glass product, uses Spanlite's industry-leading edge lighting system to transform glass panels into slim, elegant and energy-efficient light sources.
These panels are often combined with digital printing . A 720 DPI image is fired into the glass using ultra-strong ceramic inks, which last as long as the glass itself. This allows designers to create beautifully intricate designs that appear to light up all by themselves – the edge lighting strips remain all but invisible.
But digital printing isn't the only option. You can also achieve impressive effects using fabric-interlayer glass. In fact, the interaction of light and fabric allows for a sense of "visual tactility" that wouldn't be possible with printing alone. In other words, it's perfect if you want to create designs that look good enough to touch.
As for how to use them, well… you've got options. How about tall illuminated walls, which disperse their light through a gossamer haze? Or textured illuminated splashbacks with colourful patterns? Or even a piece of illuminated fabric wall art?
Sorry to sound like a broken record, but the possibilities really are endless.
Are you interested in incorporating fabric-interlayer glass into your architecture or interior design project? ToughGlaze is one of the UK's premier suppliers of this unique and versatile glass product. To request a quote or explore your options in more detail, simply get in touch with our experts.

Glass screen printing vs digital printing

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 16:45:00 GMT

Want to get a design printed onto glass? Discover the pros and cons of digital printing and screen printing.

From one point of view, glass is one of life's constants – as familiar a part of everyday life as grass, water and the smile on a baby's face. But for such a fixture, it's changed a lot over the years.
You can see this clearly when you look at the methods used to superimpose text or images onto glass. Today, glass processors use screen printing and digital printing : methods unknown to the glass-blowers of yore.
Not only that, but the glass itself is tougher and more energy-efficient than ever. Truly, today's glass is an unsung hero in both domestic and corporate building design.
If you're looking to get a design printed onto glass, you might be trying to decide between screen printing and digital printing. What, exactly, is the difference? Surely they both lead to the same outcome?
Well, yes and no. Both are widely accepted methods used in all sorts of applications. However, each method is more suitable for different use cases.
In this article, we explore the differences between the two methods – and which you should choose for your glass installation project.
What is screen printing on glass?
Screen printing is a print technique that's been used for years. At its most basic, it's a form of mechanised stencilling.
First, a stencil design is created on a fine mesh. Layers of ink are pushed through this stencil onto the glass. Areas of the glass that are to be left blank are blocked out with an impermeable substance.

Screen printing produces great results – and if you're printing in bulk, it can be highly cost-effective. What's more, screen printing allows for full ink coverage. Your design can reach all the way to the edges of your glass sheet.
However, it has one big limitation. No matter what material you're printing onto, you can use a maximum of four colours.
This means two things. First, it's not ideal for short runs. Secondly, it produces simpler designs than digital printing.
For many businesses and homeowners, this is just what's required. But for others, digital printing is more appropriate, both in terms of budget and appearance.
What is digital printing?
As the name suggests, digital printing is a more recent technique than screen printing. It involves creating an image on a computer and directly printing it onto glass using either a laser jet or inkjet printer.
There's a key difference between screen printing and digital printing, and it relates to the way the ink interacts with the glass. With screen printing, ink is adhered to the glass. Digital printing, by contrast, involves infusing ink in the glass.
This means that a digitally printed design will last as long as the glass itself. It's permanently bonded to the glass. Traditional screen printing doesn't have this luxury and will fade over time.
At ToughGlaze, however, both our digitally printed and screen-printed designs use ceramic inks that bond with the glass and are extremely long-lasting.
Digitally printed designs can be more complex and detailed than their screen-printed counterparts – not least because you can use more than four colours. If you work with the right processor, you can get photorealistic designs. As well as providing you with more detail, you can also mimic textures such as wood and marble.

Compared to screen printing, digital printing is quick, cheap and easy to set up, making it perfect for short runs. It's ideal for transferring photo-quality images with no sacrifice to quality. It's also easier to customise than screen printing, which tends to involve a fixed design printed in bulk.
Which method is best for you?
Both screen printing and digital printing are highly reputable methods that produce eye-catching results. However, they're each suited to different use cases.
When choosing between them, your best bet is to know exactly how you want the design to look – and how many units you're ordering.
If your design has lots of colours and lots of detail, digital printing is the way to go – especially if you're looking for a short run. It's not unlike using an office printer – only the results are far more impressive.
It's also easy to vary across an order. If you're buying glass signage for an office, say, you might want multiple bits of text on different sheets of glass. This is far more cost-effective to do digitally than through screen printing.
If, however, you're looking for a design with just a few colours or you need full ink coverage, screen printing is best – especially in bulk. It can also be the most affordable method for simple and monochrome logos and other designs.
It's worth remembering that you don't need to use one method exclusively. Many clients will order a mixture of screen-printed and digitally printed materials.

Still unsure? Speak to a glass processor about your options. They'll be able to find the method that best fits your project.
What can glass screen printing and digital printing be used for?
The beauty of glass screen printing and digital printing is its versatility. Put simply, if it's made of glass, it can be printed – whether you're getting your design printed on a single glass sign or an entire facade.
Shops can be fitted out with printed storefronts and cabinets displaying information for customers, brand messaging, logos and more.
Offices can print their glass partitions, signs and other pieces of structural glazing with directions, slogans and logos. This can be a great way to consolidate your brand identity within a workplace environment.
Finally, homeowners can have images and text printed onto shower doors, kitchen splashbacks and even windows.
As with so much decorative glass, the options are pretty much limitless. Where will printed glass take you?
What we offer
At ToughGlaze, we provide made-to-measure, high-quality digitally printed and screen-printed glass . Both products ( TG SP and TG DP respectively) give you durable, long-lasting inks that last as long as the glass itself.
Our screen-printed glass at Heathrow's Terminal 2 is seen by thousands of people each day. Meanwhile, we can digitally print designs at up to 720 DPI onto toughened, laminated or annealed glass.
So if you're looking for high-quality screen-printed or digitally-printed glass, don't delay. Get in touch with ToughGlaze today for a quick, competitive quote.

Our glass suppliers: what you need to know

Fri, 27 Sep 2024 07:23:00 GMT

A glass processor is only as good as its glass. Learn the key facts about our main glass suppliers.

In the British political comedy series The Thick of It, spin doctor Malcolm Tucker says: "You give me Hugh Abbot, I give you bangers and mash. But if you give me Jerry from the Home Office, well, then I can raise it to risotto and scallops."
What's true of politics and Ready, Steady, Cook is true of glass, too. A glass processor can do many things for you. But they'll only ever be as good as the materials they use.
They can toughen or laminate it. They can decorate it with coloured interlayers . They can frost it, tint it or make it "smart" . They can heat soak test it . They can make it extra tough – tough enough to withstand a bullet or a bomb blast .
But that's what's on the menu – not what comes out of the kitchen. To increase your chances of customer satisfaction, you need to be sure that your processor gets its glass from reputable sources. It's at least as important as word of mouth, online reviews or industry accreditations.
At ToughGlaze, we're sticklers for quality. Only a small selection of glass suppliers will cut it. It's one of the markers of quality that makes us one of Britain's most trusted glass processors. Whichever product you order, you can be sure it's made from industry-leading raw materials.
In this article, we're going to tell you everything you need to know about three of the best: Guardian Glass UK, Pilkington, and Saint-Gobain Building Glass.

Guardian Glass UK
Guardian Glass UK is a branch of Guardian Industries: a manufacturer of glass, automotive and building products that serves the globe from its base in Michigan, USA.
It has supplied glass processors with high-quality float glass for decades. But it started life in the early 1930s as a manufacturer of windscreens. When Pilkington introduced float glass in the 1950s, it quickly adopted this new technology.
Guardian opened its first production line in Carleton, Michigan. Today, it has 28 float glass lines and 13 glass fabrication plants worldwide.

These include Guardian Glass UK, based in the Capitol Park industrial complex in Goole, East Yorkshire. Goole is a port town on the River Ouse. The arrival of Guardian in the area created hundreds of new jobs.
At one point, Guardian and Pilkington were at loggerheads, fighting over the use of float glass. This was because Pilkington had a monopoly on the float process via its licensing procedures.
Initially, Guardian tried to challenge this monopoly. In the end, it helped Pilkington become less vulnerable to antitrust laws in the States. In other words, it helped Pilkington grow to serve its own interests.
Today, Guardian is one of the leading providers of float glass in the UK – and we're proud to count it among our key suppliers.

Pilkington
These days, Pilkington is a subsidiary of the Japanese company NSG (Nippon Sheet Glass). But it started life in 1826 as St Helens Crown Glass Company in St Helens, Lancashire.
Originally, it belonged to the Pilkington and Greenall families – but after the partnership ended in 1845, the company rebranded as Pilkington Brothers. Despite this severed alliance, Pilkington was just getting started.
At the turn of the 20th century, Pilkington was Britain's only plate glass manufacturer – and the number one producer of sheet glass. Its grip on the glass market only grew when it acquired its main competitor in 1951.
By that point, Pilkington was practically a British institution, thanks to its significant contributions to the war effort.
Yet it was the 1950s that saw Pilkington leave its greatest mark on the industry. In that decade, it invented float glass.
Before float glass, plate glass had to be ground and polished. It was a time-consuming and expensive process – and the results weren't as clear as the glass we're used to today.
Float glass streamlined the process by floating molten glass over a bath of molten tin. It cut lead times and produced glass that was clearer and more robust than ever.

Not content with revolutionising the manufacture of glass, Pilkington went on to become a major global supplier of both toughened and laminated glass .

Saint-Gobain Building Glass
Of our three main suppliers, Saint-Gobain is the oldest – but that doesn't mean it's stuck in the past.
When Saint-Gobain began manufacturing mirrors in 17th-century France, Louis XIV was on the throne. Today, its headquarters in Paris's business district oversees operations in more than 60 countries.
Saint-Gobain has always prized innovation – from its pioneering method of casting glass on metal tables to its embrace of float glass, low-E glazing and more. But no matter how it grows and changes, Saint-Gobain still has quality at its heart – and, of course, mirrors.
Like Pilkington, Saint-Gobain was a significant national supplier throughout the 20th century. In the 1980s, it was nationalised under the socialist Fifth Republic – one of 10 companies to be brought into public ownership.
Since being re-privatised in 1987, Saint-Gobain has expanded significantly. Today, it employs more than 180,000 people worldwide.
We look to Saint-Gobain for high-quality float glass that acts as a base for our toughened and laminated range. But it also produces low-carbon glass for commercial use, residential glazing and low-E glass.
In the UK, Saint-Gobain is based in Eggborough, North Yorkshire. There, its float glass facility boasts a state-of-the-art furnace. The results speak for themselves.

Conclusion
When looking for a glass processor, you need to be sure that it uses good-quality materials. No amount of expensive processing gear can turn bad glass into a high-quality final product. It's one of many reasons you can trust ToughGlaze: we always source from the best.
Are you looking for high-quality toughened glass, cut to size ? At ToughGlaze, we source our raw materials from only the best and cut, fire and treat them here at our state-of-the-art facilities. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Best practices for handling glass safely

Mon, 23 Sep 2024 11:46:00 GMT

If not handled properly, glass can break and lose you money. Learn 10 best practices for handling it safely.

Whether you're doing a DIY project, working in a warehouse or overseeing an installation, handling glass needs to be done safely.
It's not hard to see why. Broken glass can cause avoidable injuries – and it's a pain to clean up. Even toughened and laminated panels can cause injury if handled without due care.
But even if the people handling the glass emerge from an accident unscathed, there's still the financial loss to take into account. No one wants to shell out for replacement glass because of something as avoidable as mishandling.

In this article, we run through 10 best practices for handling glass safely. Some will be intuitive. Others less so. But taken together, we hope they increase your confidence in handling glass – and reduce the chances of accident and injury.

1. Wear protective gear
When handling glass, you need protection. That means heavy gloves, work shoes or work boots and safety glasses.
The gloves are there to protect your hands from unwanted cuts. Make sure they're the right size – otherwise, you could hamper your ability to move the glass safely.
As well as gloves, footwear and safety glasses, you'll want to wear long sleeves and trousers. Steer clear of loose-fitting clothes. You might want to wear a heavy-duty apron or chore jacket for extra protection.

2. Don't try to catch falling glass
If disaster strikes and you do drop a piece of glass, the last thing you want to do is try to catch it. Your priority is to move away from the area as quickly as possible. It's much better to clear up broken glass from the floor than from your body!

3. Don't carry glass overhead
When handling glass, you should always keep it close to your body – never overhead. This is to minimise the risk of injury to yourself in the event of a breakage. If you do drop it, you want it to be as close to the ground – and as far from your head – as possible.

If the piece of glass is especially large and unwieldy, use suction cups to carry it safely. These tentacle-like tools can be used with flat and curved pieces of glass.

4. Use two hands
You should always use two hands to carry glass – four if possible. One hand should be placed under the glass to give it proper support.
You should grip firmly but not too tightly. Putting excess pressure on a single spot can in some instances cause the glass to shatter.
If the glass is translucent or opaque, make sure you're carrying it in such a way that you or your carrying companion have clear sight lines. Now's not the time for guesswork!

5. Use proper lifting techniques
If you work in a setting that involves lifting, you'll know you should lift with your legs to avoid straining your back. You should also avoid twisting or bending when carrying the glass.
The same applies in domestic settings. You don't want to end up with an intact piece of glass and an injured back.

6. Work in pairs
There are very few circumstances where it's safer to go it alone. In the context of handling glass, it's always better to work as a team – even if it's just a team of two.
It's not just that it reduces the physical strain and the possibility of aches, pains and pulled muscles. It's also that you get an extra pair of eyes – invaluable when manoeuvring a large and breakable bit of glass.

7. Train your staff
In some ways, this is the most important practice of all. There's no point in you knowing the best way to handle glass if your colleagues or staff don't. Making sure everyone is on the same page is vital for minimising the chance of accidents and injuries.
It's the same story if you're handling glass at home as part of a DIY project or simply moving glass from one place to another. Make sure everyone involved knows what they're doing – and what not to do.

8. Don't stand on broken glass
This one stands to reason. In the event of a breakage, you want to get out of the way and focus on cleaning up any shards. The last thing you want is to be put out of action by stepping on a broken bit of glass.
This point also underlines the importance of good protective wear. You want suitable work boots to minimise the chance of an injured foot.

9. Keep the work area clear
Anyone who's ever moved house will tell you the importance of clear entrances and exits. No one wants to carry a box through an obstacle course. The same goes for handling glass.
No matter what setting you're in, you should ensure that you have a clear gangway – and clear sight lines – before you lift the glass. Doing so significantly reduces the likelihood of trips, falls and breakages.

10. Store it properly
When it comes to storage, handling is no less important than during transportation. In fact, many accidents occur when putting down glass.
Your objective is to place the glass so that it doesn't tip over or fall. It should be in a cool, dry place, safe from direct sunlight and unwanted heat.
Racks and other storage systems can be used to safely stow glass away. It's important, however, to alert others to the presence of glass. You can do this with something as simple as a label reading "glass" or "fragile".

Final thoughts
So there you have it: 10 best practices for handling glass safely. We hope it helps, whether you're moving glass at home, in a factory or on an installation job.
Founded in 1993, ToughGlaze is now recognised as one of the UK's most trusted glass processors. Thanks to our unrivalled manufacturing capabilities and accredited glass logistics service, we can provide the glass you need when you need it. Get in touch today for a fast, fair quote.

Making sense of U-values, R-values and Lambda values

Fri, 20 Sep 2024 06:31:00 GMT

Confused by U-values, R-values and Lambda values? Find out what they mean for you in our 5-minute guide.

Homeowners and business owners face the same challenge. They need to ensure their buildings are thermally efficient. But which thermally efficient materials are the most effective and affordable?
The importance of thermal efficiency isn't new. For as long as people have lived under a roof, they've looked for ways to create comfortable environments that don't cost the earth.
But these days, costing the earth has another meaning. A poorly insulated building isn't just uncomfortable to be in – it also means a larger carbon footprint.
Windows play a pivotal role in a building's thermal efficiency. If your windows let heat out in winter, you'll be emitting more carbon and paying higher energy bills.
This leads us back to our problem: how do you know which materials are best for insulation? This is true for windows and doors, as well as the insulation in your walls.
Luckily, help is at hand in the form of U-values, R-values and Lambda values. Together, these make a finely tuned system for establishing the thermal efficiency of a material.
But what do they mean and how are they calculated?

What are U-values?
It's a hot summer's day. In the garden, it's 29°C. But inside, the temperature varies depending on which room you're in.
This is because your walls, windows and doors transmit heat at different rates. The thermal transmittance of a building material – your window frame, say, or the rock wool in your wall – is known as the "U-value".
The lower the U-value, the better insulated the building will be. And the better insulated it is, the more comfortable it is to be in. And the more comfortable it is to be in, the less likely you are to reach for the central heating or air-con.

What are R-values?
U-values measure how much heat gets through your insulation. The R-value is its inverse. It measures how much heat does not get through.
The lower the U-value, the better the insulation. The lower the R-value, the worse it is.
Because the U-value and R-value are inverse, you can calculate the one from the other. To do this, you divide one by the R-value. If you have an R-value of four, for instance, you would divide one by four to get a U-value of 0.25.

What are Lambda values?
A Lambda value tells you how much energy can be transferred across a material. They're sometimes referred to as "K-values". As with U-values, lower values are better.
A U-value, however, applies to a structure made out of different materials.
Take a double-glazed unit. The U-value refers to the entire unit. The Lambda value, by contrast, might refer to the uPVC frame or the toughened glass window panes.

What is the U-value of glass?
When purchasing glass for a building project, it's important to note that glass has two U-values: Ug and Uw.
Uw measures the whole window: the frame, seals, spacer bar and glass. The Ug, by contrast, measures the centre pane alone. It will always be lower than the Uw value.

The smaller the window, the higher the U-value and the less energy-efficient the whole unit becomes.
If you're installing windows in a new building, you need to limit heat gains and losses in line with Building Regulations. The required U-values are laid out in the 2023 Building Regulations, Approved Document L.
The U-value of glass is typically somewhere between 0.20 and 1.20. Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass has a very low U-value.
What factors affect the U-value of a window?
Six factors affect the overall U-value of a window. For consumers (as opposed to double-glazed unit manufacturers) the first factor is the most important. You should also decide whether to go for a double- or triple-glazed unit as this can affect the building's overall thermal efficiency.
The type of glass. Laminated glass , standard float glass and Low-E glass all have different U-values thanks to their thickness, structure and chemical composition.
The gas between the panes.
The distance between the panes.
The thermal properties of the spacer bar (the bar that creates a cavity between two panes of glass).
The material used to create the frame. Good-quality timber, for instance, has a low U-value.
The number of panes used. A triple-glazed unit will be more energy-efficient than a double-glazed unit.

A reputable glass processor or supplier will talk you through the U-value of their glass products. Knowing these factors will help you make an informed decision and ensure your building has the right level of thermal efficiency.
Why are U-values important for glass?
When browsing glass products, it's easy to feel overwhelmed by the range of choices. One way to make the decision more easily is to ensure that the product you choose has a low U-value.
This has three main benefits for your home, company premises or other building.
First, it limits heat loss. This means that an interior space will be more comfortable than if a room is too hot or too cold.
Secondly, it limits your outgoings. If your glass has a high U-value, comfort will be expensive. You'll spend your time micro-managing the thermostat just to make the room pleasant to be in. That means higher bills and a bigger carbon footprint.
Thirdly and finally, it helps create a healthy thermal climate. This means, for instance, that you're less likely to suffer from dry rot, mould growth and other problems.
There was a time when insulation was a luxury. Today, it's a necessity. Getting good-quality glass isn't just about robustness. It's also about a low U-value to ensure thermal efficiency, with all the benefits it brings.
Are you looking for energy-efficient toughened glass panels ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote. We'd love to fix you up with the right materials for the job.

How Vanceva's coloured glass interlayers work

Fri, 13 Sep 2024 14:58:00 GMT

Ready to explore coloured glass? Learn how Vanceva's coloured glass interlayers can enhance any setting.

For as long as people have been manufacturing glass, they've been looking for ways to make it decorative. From Roman jewellery to Renaissance church windows, glass has been a source of beauty as well as practicality.
Look around you and you'll see that nothing much has changed. Whether it's front doors with patterned glass or skyscrapers with coloured facades, glass is used to adorn and delight as much as it's used to look through.
The biggest difference between now and then is the way coloured glass is manufactured. Today's homeowners and business owners often buy glass that's a sort of colour sandwich. In other words, a coloured plastic layer is laminated between two outer sheets. The result is a pane of glass that's coloured evenly and thoroughly.
The beauty of this is that you can get more than one interlayer between the panes of glass, leading to fresh, attractive combinations of colours.
One producer of these interlayers is Vanceva. Its range gives you a choice of four interlayers which can be combined to create thousands of precise shades.
These shades can be as bright or as dark as you like. They can be frosted for privacy, dazzlingly clear or tinted with a shade that's bold, minimalist or flamboyant. The only limit is your imagination.
In this article, we explore the potential that Vanceva's colour palette can unlock – as well as some of its applications in domestic and commercial settings.
Whatever project you're working on, Vanceva can give you the splash of colour you need.
How does it work?
Vanceva's coloured interlayers come in four key colours: pink, blue, grey and yellow. Each of these comes in two "light transmissions", meaning a base palette of eight colours. From these, you can mix pretty much any shade under the sun.
Whether you're an architect, a designer, a glass fabricator or a homeowner, you get the chance to layer up different colours, creating literally thousands of colour combos.

You can combine up to four interlayers. These interlayers give your colour combination its unique identifying number. If you take one colour from the foundational palette, you might buy 0004, for instance. A two-layer combination, however, could be 0032, and so on.
Just looking at these codes gives you an idea of just how versatile this base palette is. There's no reason to settle for second best. Instead, you can get the colour that's just right for your project.
These interlayers are then laminated – sandwiched between two panes of glass. As well as supplying your building with colour, laminated glass is as tough as old boots. It's exceptionally hard to break. If you've ever seen a car windscreen with a "spider's web" breakage pattern, you'll have seen the impressive structural integrity of laminated glass.
Vanceva's coloured glass interlayers give you beauty and safety. They're also astonishingly versatile. It would be quicker to list the types of glazing they can't be used with – but here are some of the best.
Uses for coloured glass interlayers
In the office, Vanceva's coloured glass interlayers can be used to create vibrant, eye-catching partitions, conference rooms, signs and more. Whatever colours you choose, no visitor can deny that your office aesthetic packs a punch.
Private homes, hotels and even commercial buildings can install coloured curtain walls, balconies and skylights. These flood the space with coloured light – a feast for the eyes.
Last but not least, frosted and translucent interlayers can be used to enhance privacy. This can be used for shower rooms and bathroom windows, as well as privacy screens in hospitals and other medical settings.
Translucent and opaque options
In a way, the word "coloured" is misleading, if only because it implies block colours. But Vanceva's palette can be used to mix translucent options, too.
You can see this in action when you look at the different shades of white that are available. Vanceva lets you get the precise level of transparency that you want.

Far from being one-white-fits-all, you get, in the brand's own words, "the right white in every light". This can be your own creation or one of its three flagship tones: Cool White (81% visible light transmittance), Arctic Snow (68%) and Polar White (eight percent).
What are the advantages of coloured glass interlayers?
The most obvious advantage of investing in toughened glass with coloured glass interlayers is that, quite simply, they look fantastic.
They also unlock creative possibilities for designers, architects and homeowners – anyone with an eye for detail and a taste for striking designs.
Rather than relying on stock colours, let your imagination run riot as you mix foundational colours that meet your taste and project requirements.
That means total creative control over tone, intensity and transparency. Whether you want to go as bold as brass, elegantly minimal or somewhere in between, Vanceva's coloured glass interlayers have got you covered.
It's not just the colour composition that's versatile. It's also the sheer breadth of applications. We wouldn't be exaggerating if we said that any building, private or public, corporate or domestic, can be enhanced with some well-placed coloured glass.
But laminated glass is more than just an aesthetic asset. It's super-strong, meaning you can rest assured that your beautiful glazing isn't installed with any sacrifice in safety.
Finally, it's good for the thermal efficiency of your building – which in turn is good for the environment.
It's all thanks to the use of special pigments rather than dyes. These resist fading and maintain their colour regardless of heat or light exposure. What's more, the interlayers filter out almost all UV radiation – so your furnishing and fabrics won't fade so fast.
So, if you're looking for glazing that's beautiful, versatile, secure and thermally efficient, look no further. The only problem is just how much choice Vanceva gives you.
Are you looking for high-quality coloured glass panels ? Here at ToughGlaze, we supply high-quality laminated glass with Vanceva's full range of coloured interlayers. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

Glass roof panels: how they can boost energy efficiency

Tue, 10 Sep 2024 17:08:00 GMT

Working to sustainability targets? Want to boost energy efficiency at home? Learn how glass roofs can help.

It's a problem shared by homeowners, business owners, governments and non-governmental organisations alike. How do you ensure that buildings are energy-efficient as well as aesthetically pleasing?
The truth is that too many customers see it as an either/or. Either you prioritise green tech or you prioritise a good-looking building. In fact, modern glass allows you to achieve both.
Glass roofs are a great example of this. They help you maintain thermal efficiency, lowering your energy bills and carbon footprint in the process. But they also have an elegant look that can be futuristic or classic, depending on the setting.
This is all thanks to advances in glass technology. But before we explain how they can boost your energy efficiency, you may want to know what other advantages they have. Let's take a look…
What are the advantages of glass roof panels?
From an aesthetic point of view, glass roof panels have one great selling point. They flood your home, office or other building with natural light. This helps create a bright, inviting environment regardless of what the building is used for.
Glass roof panels can be toughened , laminated or insulated to meet different requirements. Whichever option you go for, they're tough, durable and energy-efficient.
One of the great things about modern glass manufacturing is that qualities like toughness, durability and energy efficiency don't lead to any compromise in aesthetics. They can be customised and decorated in a variety of ways to blend with their surroundings.

They're great at retaining heat when it's cold and keeping it out when it's hot. This means that a building with a glass roof is more likely to be comfortable all year round, as well as well-lit.
And perhaps most importantly of all, this thermal efficiency means lower energy bills and a lower carbon footprint. At a time when sustainability is such a priority for so many individuals and organisations, why would you not consider it as an option?

What are the benefits of natural light?
Harnessing natural light has two key advantages. The first is that it reduces your use of artificial lighting, which in turn reduces energy bills and the building's carbon footprint. It kills two birds with one stone, helping to secure your bottom line and the planet's future.
The second key advantage is more wide-ranging. It boils down to this: natural light is good for you.
It's not just that we need sunlight for good old Vitamin D. It's also that it's good for us in a holistic sense.
Different studies report different findings, but the general drift is clear. Homes and offices that let in a lot of natural light are good for the mood and can even give productivity a boost.
Research firm Eco-Business, for example, found that workplaces with good natural light saw an increase in productivity and sales between five percent and 40%. It stands to reason that the same would apply to schools, homes and other buildings.

Thermal insulation
When it comes to the energy efficiency of glass roof panels, their insulating properties are all-important. When toughened or laminated, they're engineered to keep unwanted heat in or out, depending on the weather and the time of year.

This lets you save on your energy bills and simultaneously create a comfortable environment, no matter what the weather report is saying.
Take control of solar heat gain
You may not know the phrase "solar heat gain" (SHG). However, you will definitely have experienced it.
We've all noticed that some parts of the house are sweltering in summer while others stay cool. This is because of SHG, a term which refers to the way the sun's radiation gets turned into heat.
You can't have an energy-efficient building that hasn't taken control of SHG. Heat needs to be spread evenly throughout the building. The alternative is to blast the radiators in one room when the rest of the place is cool.
Glass roof panels are one way to take charge of this pesky phenomenon – and it's all thanks to their coatings and tinting. They allow you to manage the distribution of solar heat, controlling the temperature throughout the building all year round.

Sustainability
Sustainability has never been higher up on the agendas of governments, businesses and homeowners alike. The need to cut greenhouse gas emissions is widely accepted – and most of our customers think of it as a priority.
Glass roof panels are one way to make your office premises, home or other building sustainable. Like other glass products, they help create comfortable, aesthetically pleasing buildings that are also environmentally friendly. Win-win!

Challenges and considerations
By now, we hope you're sold on the energy-efficient benefits of glass roof panels. But before you commit to anything, there are a few challenges and considerations to keep in mind.
The biggest one is cost. There's no getting around the fact that glass roofs require a significant investment. However, this initial outlay can sometimes be balanced against long-term energy savings.
If you're a homeowner, be aware that you need a specialist installer to fit your glass roof. This is a job for only the bravest of DIYers.
Finally, there's a shatter risk – but this is heightened significantly if you buy poor-quality glass. Get the good stuff and you can rest assured that the roof is structurally sound.

What we offer
At ToughGlaze, we provide glass roofing sheets that are as robust as they are safe.
They can be toughened or laminated to ensure sturdiness. The laminated variety is so safe, it comes in a "walk-on" version ( TG WO ). Like all our products, our glass roof panels are Kitemark-approved and manufactured in line with up-to-date UK safety regulations.
But this emphasis on safety doesn't mean there's any compromise in the way it looks. You get to choose from a range of decorative finishes, including digital printing , translucent coloured interlayers and silkscreening .
So, if you're looking for high-quality toughened glass roof panels, get in touch with ToughGlaze today. We'll get back to you ASAP with a quick, competitive quote.

How glass is used for special effects

Fri, 06 Sep 2024 07:49:00 GMT

Ever wondered how films safely break glass? Learn about stunt glass, toughened glass and more in our blog.

Film director Tamer Mohsen once said in an interview that "cinema is the art of illusion". Even the most realistic and grungy film will use visual tricks to tell its story – and nowhere is this more apparent than in the use of special effects.
Yes, we hate to break it to you, but Indiana Jones isn't actually running from that boulder. It's all thanks to the stunt and effects department – one of the busiest and most ingenious teams in the production of modern movies.
One clear example of this is when a film shows glass shattering. In the early days of cinema, a director might have actually smashed a piece of glass on set. The famous snow globe in Citizen Kane, for instance, was dropped and shattered. What you see is what you get.
But today, health and safety regulations mean that films make use of stunt glass, digital effects and safety glass – especially in action films when glass is exploding all over the place.
It's innovations like these that let a superhero crash through a skyscraper window unscathed. Without these tricks of the trade, thrillers would be, well, a little less thrilling.
In this article, we take a look at some of the ways that filmmakers break glass on set.

Sugar glass
Sugar glass – also known as candy glass and breakaway glass – is an industry staple. It's regularly used for breakable props in movies, the theatre and professional wrestling. But in essence, it's just half-finished candy.
You see, sugar glass is created by dissolving sugar in water and heating it to the "hard crack" stage of candy-making. The brittle results can be formed into flat glass sheets, bottles, drinking glasses, bowls, plates and more.
Next time you watch a movie and someone breaks a glass over someone else's head, chances are you're looking at sugar glass in action. It's an ingenious product that's been integral to some of the most exciting scenes in cinema.

Oh, and a bit of TV trivia for you: the methamphetamine in Breaking Bad was made from sugar glass dyed blue. Actor Aaron Paul would eat it during filming!
But sugar glass isn't the only type of stunt glass. There's also breakaway resin and rubber glass.

Breakaway resin
Breakaway resin glass is made from synthetic resins. It does the same job as sugar glass, shattering realistically without injuring actors or crew.
But it has a couple of advantages over sugar glass. First, it can be stored for a lot longer, making it a more environmentally friendly product. It's also said to provide more realistic sounds and visual effects.

Rubber glass
When an action scene involves broken glass, there'll typically be a sequence where actors are walking on the shattered remnants. These shards are usually rubber glass: a catalysed silicone product made out of two liquids, which are left to solidify and then crumbled into glass-like pieces.
Rubber glass allows actors to simulate walking on broken glass without putting them at risk of injury. It can also be floated in water to look like crushed ice.

Digital effects
These days, all mainstream films use digital after-effects. It's only a handful of low-budget, independent films that eschew them entirely.
In the case of breaking glass, digital effects are extremely common. They allow directors to up the drama without any compromise to the safety of the cast and crew. Pretty much any blockbuster you see will use a combination of stunt glass and digital effects.

Toughened glass
So far, we've looked at artificial forms of glass made from sugar, resin and rubber. But filmmakers also use glass itself – toughened glass , to be precise.
Let's say you're filming a scene where an actor fires a gun into a glass window. You want it to break in a satisfying shower of shards. But how do you achieve this without putting your actors at risk?
The answer is toughened glass. This is a kind of "safety glass" that breaks into lots of little pieces rather than large shards.

It breaks like this as a result of the manufacturing process. The glass is heated at a very high temperature (usually around 650°C) and then cooled rapidly.
This sudden change in temperature excites the molecules in such a way that when the glass breaks, it crumbles into blunt pieces rather than snapping into jagged shards.
Toughened glass can also be laminated . This means that when shattered, it stays in its frame. This is what happens when car windscreens get broken.
Of course, in a scene where an actor fires a gun into a glass window, they're not using a real gun. Instead, they use a glass popper – a nail in a tube that breaks the glass with the least force possible.
Most of the time, sugar glass is used for breaking glass on movie and theatre sets. But toughened glass is another tool in the stunt department's toolbox.

Other uses of toughened glass
Toughened glass is used on movie sets because it's tough and stable. But that's just one use from a very long list.
Toughened glass is also used for car windows, frameless glass shower doors, sliding doors, windows, skylights, glass facades, glass balconies… the list goes on.
What's more, it's endlessly customisable. It can be coloured , patterned or printed with a logo , slogan or other design. It can be made "smart" – switchable from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button . It can be strengthened even further to withstand bandits , bullets and bombs .
It's one of the most versatile glass products on the market today – so it's no surprise that it's been embraced by the film industry for special effects.
At ToughGlaze, we supply high-quality toughened glass that can be cut and treated to meet your requirements. Get in touch today for a quick, competitive quote.

How light interacts with glass: the science explained

Mon, 02 Sep 2024 09:11:00 GMT

Discover how the interaction of light and glass products can be harnessed in structural glazing projects.

Glass is a material that interacts with its surroundings in fascinating ways. When installing glass, you're not just erecting a barrier. You're also controlling the environment – crucially, the amount of heat and light that pass through the glass.
Where light is concerned, it's not simply a case of blocking out light or letting it through. This is because light behaves in weird ways. It can be reflected, refracted, absorbed, diffracted or scattered.
This behaviour is weird but governed by scientific principles. These principles are manipulated and harnessed by manufacturers and architects to achieve aesthetic effects.
In this article, we break down six key behaviours of light – and how they inform the production and deployment of glass in both domestic and commercial settings.
What is light?
The Sun emits a spectrum of wavelengths known as "electromagnetic radiation". Different wavelengths signify different types of light.
Microwaves and radio waves, for instance, are at the long end of the spectrum, whereas X-rays and ultraviolet (UV) rays have much shorter wavelengths.
Natural light travels from the Sun to Earth. Unlike sound waves, light doesn't need a medium to pass through. Instead, it can travel through the vacuum of space.
When light hits an object, it can behave in different ways. This will depend on the type, shape and composition of the material it comes into contact with.

6 ways that light interacts with glass
Light waves and particles interact with glass in six key ways. These are affected by the type of light that's shone on the glass as well as its chemical composition.
Some of these behaviours are harnessed by glass manufacturers and architects for aesthetic effect. Others are accidents that can either be tolerated or minimised.

1. Transmission
Transmission is when light passes straight through a medium without being reflected, scattered or absorbed. A standard window without any patterning, colouring or finish will allow all light to pass through.
Opaque glass makes the transmission of light impossible, whereas a translucent piece of glass – a frosted shower door, say – will let some light through, but not all.

Transmission can be manipulated for aesthetic effect by the inclusion of coloured interlayers in laminated glass or by frosting, tinting and other translucent effects.
Then there's switchable smart glass , which can switch from transparent to translucent to opaque at the touch of a button.

2. Reflection
Both light and sound reflect off certain materials. In the case of light, smooth surfaces are the most reflective. That's why your perfectly smooth glass mirror shows you a clear image of your face, whereas your reflection is blurry when you look into moving water.
Historically, mirror glass was produced by polishing glass. Today, it's typically made by applying a reflective coating to glass. When finished, it can be sandblasted or digitally printed with designs. These block out some of the reflections without compromising the reflectiveness of the glass as a whole.

3. Refraction
The phrase "the speed of light" might suggest that it always travels at the same speed. In fact, light travels at different speeds through different mediums – and when passing from one medium to another, it usually changes speed.
This bends the light – something that anyone who's stood in front of a stained glass window on a sunny day will have observed.
Refraction has been used in structural glazing. Take Refraction House in Jakarta, Indonesia. This is a "deep-plan building": one where the horizontal distance between walls is much bigger than the vertical distance between floors.
These kinds of buildings are hard to light efficiently. The architects of Refraction House solved this problem by replacing the walls with glass blocks. These refracted natural light into the core of the building.Refraction House was a large-scale project, but refraction can be used on a smaller scale, too. Eco-friendly houses sometimes feature walls made out of glass bottles and jars. These refract the light more than a traditional window, leading to an attractive play of light and colour.

4. Diffraction

When you shine a light through a prism, it spreads out into the colours of the rainbow. This bending, spreading motion is known as "diffraction".

This is a behaviour of light that isn't much used in structural glazing. Rainbows are more of a happy accident when the light hits the glass in a certain way rather than an effect that's deliberately harnessed.

5. Absorption
Unlike heat, light is intangible. If you stand underneath a natural or artificial light source, you might feel its heat – but you won't feel the light itself.
Nevertheless, the language surrounding the movement of light is surprisingly active. Photons hit materials and excite electrons into higher states.
When this happens, the photon doesn't pass through the object. Instead, it's absorbed.
When we manufacture glass, we want as little absorption as possible. Factors such as the thickness of the glass and its chemical composition can increase or decrease the amount of absorption.
These have to be controlled by manufacturers to ensure the intensity of light doesn't decrease on the other side of the glass (unless intentionally as with translucent or opaque types of glass).

6. Scattering
The final way that light interacts with glass is known as "scattering".
When light is reflected, one ray goes in and one goes out. When it's scattered, one ray goes in and many go out.
Most objects in the world are scattering surfaces – everything from your skin to the furniture in your room. Glass, therefore, can scatter light, too.
When you shine a ray of light onto a white plastic screen, say, the ray of light scatters in lots of different angles. This is visible to the human eye from any angle.
With plain glass, however, scattering is only observable when there are defects in the glass.
Are you in the market for high-quality structural glass solutions ? ToughGlaze has the exclusive UK licence for Fischer's secret fix system, which ensures a sleek, modern look with no visible seams. Get in touch to learn more or request a fast, free quote.

How decorative glass can make visual merchandising sing

Fri, 30 Aug 2024 06:44:00 GMT

Looking to up your visual merchandising game? Glass could be the answer. Learn more about your options.

Reports of the death of the high street have been greatly exaggerated. While the dramatic rise of eCommerce has undoubtedly split the market, many retailers still make bank at brick-and-mortar stores.
But if the death of the high street is overblown, the slow decline of visual merchandising could do with a bit more airtime.
Visual merchandising is all about getting the customer excited about your products by positioning and presenting them effectively. Plenty of retailers think about display tables and items at checkout. But what about the storefront itself? Too often, the high street looks generic and uninviting.
Creating a strong impression before the customer walks in has always been worthwhile. But when the high street is competing with web stores, it's never been more important.
Whether it's signage, lighting, colour combinations or decor, visual merchandising helps impress customers and generate interest in products – and all of them can be made to sing with some carefully placed decorative glass.
Yes, decorative glass is the perfect way to catch a customer's eye – and it's a far more diverse product range than you might expect.
In this article, we explore some of the ways that decorative glass can improve your visual merchandising. But first, why does visual merchandising matter at all?

The importance of visual merchandising
First appearances are hugely important in retail – whether it's the look of your website, your handshake in a meeting or your tone of voice when speaking to a customer.
The look of your brick-and-mortar store is no exception. An attractive store can increase sales by drawing the eye to products and offers that the customer might otherwise overlook.
As well as this, it improves the customer's overall experience and makes it a talking point. This, in turn, can improve public perception of your brand.
So don't let potential buyers walk past your store without making a strong impression – and once inside, ensure that your store's layout invites them to explore your products.

What kinds of decorative glass can be used in visual merchandising?
There are three main types of glass that can be used to striking effect in visual merchandising: coloured glass, printed glass and smart glass.
Coloured glass has long been used to add aesthetic interest to buildings. Just think of cathedrals and mosques. Today, coloured glass is often made by inserting a coloured interlayer between glass panels.
This interlayer can be a single tone or a rich combination of colours. The available permutations are inexhaustible, if not endless. This makes it ideal for storefronts and display cabinets – especially if you want your brand colours to be literally reflected in your store.
Then there's printed glass . Glass can be printed in different ways. It can be sandblasted , digitally printed or screen-printed . All of these methods are durable and long-lasting. In the case of digitally printed glass, the inks will be on show for as long as the glass itself.
These products allow retailers to print logos, designs and slogans onto glass, be it the shop's facade, a display cabinet, a sign or a screen at the counter. Each surface in your store can become a branding opportunity – and the choice of material gives the environment a sleek, modernist look.
Finally, there's smart glass .This is a remarkable innovation that lets you switch glass from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button.
Often used to increase privacy in homes, offices and medical buildings, smart glass can also be used as a projection screen. A smart glass storefront can function as a billboard, with images and videos running all through the working day. This means that your storefront itself can now tell your story and share your brand message.
Smart glass isn't exactly cheap. But it's an investment that can pay dividends as your store stands out on the high street. Above all, it shows you mean business.

Three examples of decorative glass in visual merchandising
1. Harrods, London

When Rolls Royce was getting ready to launch its Dawn Drophead Coupé, it was keen to make an impression.
It did this by working with creative agency JUSTDO to cover the windows of Harrods, London, with switchable smart film. A countdown was projected onto the windows, which slowly revealed the car as the smart glass turned from frosted to transparent.

2. Hermès, Amsterdam

The Hermès department store in Amsterdam is a townhouse building with a glass brick facade that customers crane their necks to see through.
Glass bricks were the toast of the 1980s and are finally making a comeback. A similar effect was achieved at North American fashion boutique Forty Five Ten's New York store. Its attention-grabbing glass brick front drew shoppers into its 16,000-square-foot store.

3. Canada Goose's Toronto store

Canada Goose makes outerwear for extreme weather. But its Toronto store doesn't stock any of it. Instead, it provides an immersive, multisensory experience to show shoppers just how rugged its products are.
Star of the show is the "Cold Room", a space that simulates freezing conditions as films about the Arctic are projected onto the walls.
But to get there, you enter through "The Crevasse". This is a glass walkway made out of OLED panels. As you walk on it, you feel as though you're walking on ice.

Final thoughts
At a time when the consumer market is saturated and brick-and-mortar stores face competition from eCommerce, visual merchandising has never been more important. And what better way to stand out than by exploring the applications of coloured, printed or smart glass?
At ToughGlaze, we stock all these options. Glass panels can be cut to size and processed according to your business's exact requirements. Not only that, but you can be sure that anything you buy from us has been processed in accordance with EN regulations.
So if you're in the market for some decorative glass , don't hesitate to get in touch – we'd love to fix you up with the right materials for the job.

Do I need toughened or laminated glass? 8 use cases explored

Mon, 26 Aug 2024 08:00:00 GMT

Struggling to choose between toughened or laminated glass? Explore 8 use cases to help you decide.

Sometimes, you need safety glass. Building regulations specify the "critical locations" that demand it – no ifs and buts.
But there are other times when toughened or laminated glass – two key types of safety glass – can be the right choice for an installation. Yes, they add safety. But they can also provide thermal insulation, protection against extreme weather, privacy and extra hygiene – as well as unlocking new design possibilities.
The difference between toughened and laminated glass is all to do with the way they're manufactured. Toughened glass – also known as tempered glass – is fired in a furnace and then rapidly cooled with blasts of air. This excites the molecules in such a way that the finished product breaks into lots of small pieces rather than jagged, dangerous shards.
Laminated glass , by contrast, consists of two panes of glass with a plastic interlayer. This means that when struck forcibly, the outer pane cracks but doesn't shatter – and the whole unit retains structural integrity.
Those are the differences – but when should you choose one rather than the other? Let's explore eight use cases to help you make the right decision.

1. You need thermal insulation
Sustainability is a hot topic. If you're getting glass installed in a commercial or domestic setting, thermal efficiency is a key consideration.
In this instance, however, both toughened and laminated glass will do the job. The main thing is to get it double- or triple-glazed to make sure heat isn't leaking in and out.
If you choose laminated glass for a thermally efficient installation, it will probably be because of other factors such as acoustic insulation, the need for extra security, the likelihood of extreme weather or the chances of high sun exposure.

2. You need to walk on the glass
One of the biggest advances in glass technology over the last century has been the advent of walk-on glass . We've gone from a time when it was about as feasible as a chocolate teapot to a time of glass staircases, floors, roofs and even bridges.

This is only possible because of safety glass. No other type of glass will do. Installers typically use both toughened and laminated glass – in other words, sheets of laminated glass made using toughened glass layers.
The thickness required depends on the load that the installation is likely to bear. For instance, a glass balcony or balustrade is likely to be at least 33 millimetres thick for that extra level of protection.

3. You need to protect against extreme weather
Some parts of the world have always had to deal with extreme weather. But the chances of violent storms have increased – and climate scientists are confident this trend will continue.
This means architects in hurricane zones and other areas vulnerable to extreme weather need to think about the kinds of glass they use. Safety should never be an afterthought. For this reason, windows, doors and other structural glazing in these areas are often made of laminated glass.

4. You want your glass to be reflective
Mirror glass comes in different forms. It can be toughened or laminated for extra safety. If laminated to the correct specification, it becomes strong enough to walk on.
When buying mirror glass, you're unlikely to spend too much time worrying about the precise type of glass used. Instead, you'll look for thick, silvered, blemish-free panels.

5. You need privacy
Sometimes, you want glass that's crystal-clear – windows, say, or the walls of an aquarium. Other times, you want privacy. Traditionally, this has been the preserve of frosted and tinted glass: two types of glass that can add elegance to a room while keeping out prying eyes.
But now there's a newcomer on the block: switchable smart glass . This is a type of glass that can be switched from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button.
Despite not yet being a mainstream product, you'll find it in all manner of applications – from shower doors to sunroofs, from office partitions to screens in medical facilities.

Frosted and tinted glass can be toughened or laminated. Smart glass is, by definition, made of laminated glass. This is because the technological magic that causes it to go opaque happens in a special interlayer sandwiched between the glass layers.

6. You want to display valuables in a glass cabinet
Go to any jewellery store and you'll see the goodies on display in glass cabinets. Naturally, this isn't the same glass that you'd use to make a champagne flute. The risks are too high to cut corners on security. That's why these cabinets are made out of a special type of laminated glass called anti-bandit glass .
In the event of a break-in, you'll need more than a hammer to get at the valuables. By the time the thief has exhausted herself bashing away at the cabinet, the police will have arrived.

7. You want glass that's easy to clean
In some environments, glass gets dirty, fast. This is especially true if you get a glass kitchen or bathroom splashback. It won't be long before your box-fresh installation is spattered with toothpaste or cooking grease.
Both toughened and laminated glass splashbacks are easy to clean – especially if you spray and wipe them down regularly. This means you get the elegant look of glass without wearing out your elbow. Nice!

8. You have a design in mind
One reason for glass's versatility is that it can be designed in lots of different ways. It can be digitally printed or screen-printed . It can be frosted or sandblasted . It can be coloured or fitted with a fabric interlayer . It's no exaggeration to say that the only limit is your imagination.
If you do have a design in mind, both toughened and laminated glass can do the job – though laminated glass offers more versatility. As with other applications, the choice will also depend on how much you need the extra protections that laminated glass affords.
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted names in glass. We provide global customers with an unbeatable selection of glass processing options, all carried out in our 197,000-square-foot facility in Bedford. Want to know more? Don't hesitate to get in touch with our friendly experts.

5 developing technologies that could define the future of glass

Mon, 19 Aug 2024 05:13:00 GMT

The glass industry is developing all the time. Learn about 5 amazing technologies that could shape its future.

The earliest examples of glass date from the third millennium BC. Over the millennia, one thing has stayed the same: glass is made from sand exposed to a high temperature. But the specifics of manufacturing have come on in leaps and bounds.
In the first century BC, glass blowing was discovered – a method used to this day. Since then, manufacturers have started using industrial furnaces, conveyor belts and CNC machines, all the way to today's use of AI in the manufacturing process.
It's not just the methods that have changed. Innovations like toughened glass , laminated glass and fire-resistant glass were all unknown before the 20th century.
But the glass industry isn't resting on its laurels. Developers, inventors and manufacturers are still exploring the possibilities of new products – products that could define the future of glass. In this article, we look at five of the most exciting.

1. Flexible glass
The idea of flexible glass has been knocking about since at least the reign of Tiberius Caesar in the first century AD. But historians argue that those early references have a strong whiff of make-believe about them.
Yet today, flexible glass exists, if only as a specialist product. In 2012, Corning unveiled Willow: a type of bendable glass that can be laser-cut in huge sheets.
Then, in 2019, a team at the University of Lyon discovered a type of aluminium-based glass that can be stretched at room temperature without breaking.

Most glass is made from silica. Its chemical composition means it's impossible to bend without breaking. But this aluminium-based glass behaves like a metal.
What could it be used for? Some speculate that it could be used to make flexible electronic devices – a bracelet smartphone, say, or a tablet that folds like a paper book.
This dream is still a long way off, not least because we don't yet have computer chips or batteries that can bend. But who knows? Maybe one day flexible glass will be all around us.

2. Transparent solar panels
Could glass generate electricity? Could your windows power your homes and your devices? The answer is a resounding "yes".
Swiss scientists have developed so-called "Grätzel cells" – dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs) that convert visible light into energy.
They're transparent, they're cheap and they can be produced in a wide range of colours. While they're yet to be a household name, some forward-thinking households have already installed them in skylights, glass facades and greenhouses.
One of the most striking uses of DSCs, however, isn't in a domestic setting but at the Copenhagen International School. One of its buildings is covered in around 12,000 blue DSCs.
If scaled effectively, these could be a fantastic addition to the solar panel revolution. Unlike current solar panels, they blend into the surroundings seamlessly.
And who knows where these could take us. A skyscraper fitted with DSCs and functioning as a vertical solar farm? Watch this space…

3. Lightweight glass
Many people have observed that technology in the 21st century has involved a lot of slimming. This includes glass, which can now be thinner and more lightweight than ever.
This isn't just an aesthetic choice to make Apple products look sleek. It's also a way of reducing carbon emissions in glass production.
On average, glass today is 30% lighter and 70% less energy-intensive than 50 years ago – and it's only getting thinner.
Ultra-thin and lightweight glass can be used in all sorts of applications – from optical lenses to phone screens to glass bottles.
This is partly possible thanks to new materials. Glass made from titanium and zirconium is now being used in some of these applications. Industry analysts suggest that it will soon be used in windows and doors, too.

5. Self-healing glass
Perhaps surprisingly, self-healing materials are nothing new. The ancient Romans, for instance, used a kind of concrete made out of lime mortar. Any cracks would self-repair.
Glass, though, is another matter. Surely common sense dictates that a crack in a piece of glass can't heal itself?
In fact, a team of Israeli and North American scientists discovered a self-assembling, self-healing glass by mixing a particular peptide (a chain of amino acids) with water.
The resulting material is extremely strong and as clear as ordinary glass. The researchers found it can be used to make glass panes and coatings – and could potentially be used to make optical lenses.
Self-healing glass shouldn't be confused with self-cleaning glass.
There are two types of self-cleaning glass currently on the market: hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass. Both clean themselves using water droplets.
There's also "antimicrobial glass". This contains silver ions that destroy 99.9% of bacteria on the surface.

6. Smart glass
Finally, there's smart glass : a type of glass that can be switched from transparent to opaque with the touch of a button.
Smart glass is already used in all sorts of ways – from car sunroofs to office partitions and from shower doors in domestic bathrooms to privacy screens in clinics and hospitals. It can also be used as a projector screen in offices or retail environments.
It works in different ways, but most forms of smart glass contain tiny elements that get rearranged by an electric current. When the current's off, these minuscule elements – whether polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, metal blinds, rod-like particles or lithium ions – block out the light. When the current is on, they're scattered, letting light pass through.
Smart glass is energy-efficient and versatile, allowing for privacy on demand. We've no doubt that it will become a fixture for architects and designers in the coming years.
At ToughGlaze, we have our own type of smart glass, TG SWITCH . It's an example of how committed we are to staying ahead of the curve with high-quality products that can be cut to meet your requirements.
Interested in exploring the potential of smart switch glass ? Don't hesitate to get in touch for a quick, competitive quote.

How the glass industry is embracing sustainability

Mon, 12 Aug 2024 06:12:00 GMT

The glass industry emits its fair share of carbon. Discover how manufacturers are working on changing this.

In some ways, the 2020s are the decade of sustainability. No longer a niche concern, sustainability touches us all – whether it's recycling at home or looking to cut carbon emissions at a corporation.
More and more, we see industries embracing sustainable solutions through several avenues including recycling, renewable energy and education initiatives.
But how about the glass industry? It's an industry that has a complex relationship to sustainability. On the one hand, its products are, with a couple of exceptions, 100% recyclable and made from natural materials (sand, soda ash and limestone).
On the other hand, the glass manufacturing process requires a huge amount of energy – and the furnaces that turn sand into glass are almost exclusively fuelled by fossil gases.
That's not to mention the fact that in some parts of the world, a lot of glass isn't recycled. What's more, the quarrying and transportation of materials for glass production can be environmentally deleterious too.
Despite these challenges, the glass industry is working towards more sustainable practices – it's just going to take a bit of ingenuity. In this article, we take the lay of the land.

Renewable energy
The glass industry primarily uses fossil fuels at a time when both environmentalists and governments are pushing for them to be phased out.
This is primarily because of the melting process. To melt glass, you need a lot of heat. And to create that heat, you need fossil gas.
Until recently, the industry has relied on recycling and improvements in operational efficiency to try to counteract the negative effects of its gas emissions. But could those gases be replaced by renewable energy?
There are two contenders to replace, or augment, gas furnaces. The first is electricity.

Electrification
Molten glass is conductive, which means that you can use it to conduct electricity. This means glass can heat a furnace itself – something we already see in electrified glass furnaces.
As well as improving the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process, electric glass furnaces also create far less air pollution than their fossil-fuel counterparts.

These show promise. However, they're difficult to build at scale. The process needs more investment if it's to mount an effective challenge to fossil gas furnaces.
The second sustainable alternative is green hydrogen. This is a clean fuel that's made by splitting water with electricity. The splitting process itself is carbon-free. The carbon status of the resulting fuel depends on where the electricity has come from.
The British glass manufacturer Pilkington is partnering with Grenian Hydrogen to scale up its production of low-carbon glass at its headquarters in Merseyside. From 2027, it aims to use seven tonnes of zero-emission hydrogen every day. This would cut its direct carbon emissions by 15,000 tonnes. Meanwhile, H2GLASS will be trailing full-scale green hydrogen at five manufacturing plants from 2025.
It remains to be seen how well these sustainable solutions will scale up – but given the ever-increasing levels of investment in green technology, they could be used more and more in the coming years.

Recycling
One of the great advantages of glass is that it's 100% recyclable (with the exception of mirror glass and lightbulbs). It can be used again and again with no loss in quality. On top of that, it's made from natural materials: sand, soda ash and limestone.
The figures for glass recycling are positive. Every tonne of glass that's melted and recycled uses 246 fewer kilograms of carbon emissions than new glass. In Europe, more than 80% of container glass is recycled. In the UK, about 70% of household glass waste is taken to bottle banks or collected.
But it's not just the energy savings that make glass recycling so important. It's also that non-recycled glass won't decompose. Instead, it will sit in landfill sites, which are bad for flora, fauna and air cleanliness.
Some argue that industrial recycling is less of a success than household recycling. The majority of glazing in buildings is chucked rather than recycled, typically on the grounds that it's dirty. There's room for improvement here – and many glass manufacturers are taking responsibility. Each year, the glass industry as a whole recycles a whopping 27 million metric tonnes.

But it's not just glass itself that can be recycled – it's also the water used in its production.

Water recycling
Glass production gets through a lot of water as well as heat. It's used at different stages of the glass manufacturing process – from cleaning to cooling to finishing.
The water footprint (so to speak) of many glass manufacturers is pretty good. Although it changes from place to place, some factories use just one tonne of water per tonne of melted glass. Half of that evaporates and the rest becomes wastewater.
However, that wastewater can contain pollutants. This makes recycling a matter of environmental responsibility and sustainability.
Water recycling systems tailored for the glass industry do exist, but more could be done to make them affordable.
Here at ToughGlaze, our CEO and co-founder Ashok Varsani is taking a hands-on approach to the problem of water recycling. He's developed his own water filtration system. This takes water from the glass preparation process and recycles it.
Ashok is overseeing ToughGlaze's efforts to achieve ISO 140001: the international standard for environmental management. His water recycling system is just one example of the steps we're taking to make our production process as sustainable as possible.

Conclusion
Sustainability in the glass industry has never been more important – but it faces a significant challenge in the form of fossil gas furnaces and the emissions caused by quarrying and transportation.
Despite this, the industry is slowly but surely embracing sustainability, with advances being made in electric and green hydrogen furnaces, as well as initiatives to increase the recycling of glass and water.
What's next? Well, we'll keep you posted…
Looking for high-quality, Kitemark-approved toughened glass panels ? Don't hesitate to get in touch with ToughGlaze for a quick, competitive quote.

The role of automation in the glass industry

Fri, 09 Aug 2024 17:33:00 GMT

Automation increasingly plays a key role in glass manufacturing. Discover how in our explainer article.

The basics of glass manufacturing are simple. Take some sand and heat it until it's very, very hot. Eventually, you'll get glass.
But despite this simple recipe, glass has been manufactured in a variety of ways across the centuries. The sheer range of methods is demonstrated by the fact that in 2024, you can still find people blowing glass, while at the same time, factories use artificial intelligence to optimise glass-cutting.
Overall, however, the trend across the centuries has been towards greater mechanisation – from cutting wheels and edge grinders you operate manually to machines that do the job more safely.
In turn, mechanisation is being supplemented and in some cases supplanted by automation. As in other industries, more and more jobs are being given to robots. Advocates argue that it unlocks efficiencies otherwise denied them.
In this article, we explore the fascinating world of automation in the glass industry.

What is automation?
Automation is when a piece of technology executes a task without human intervention.
In the popular imagination, automation is overwhelmingly associated with robotics. But it can be as simple as the humble toaster.
Before the Age of the Toaster, you had to watch your bread go brown and decide when it was ready. Not the end of the world, sure – but something you can do without when you're bleary-eyed and ready for breakfast.
A toaster automates this process. You, the human, put the bread in the slot and set the time. The toaster pops it out when it's ready – no human intervention required.
In the kitchen and around the house, automation is labour-saving. In the context of manufacturing, it saves costs as well as labour. In many cases, manufacturers are happy to employ fewer staff and let machines carry out routine tasks.
There's no getting around the fact that automation can have a negative effect on the job market. On the plus side, machines are less prone to error when executing mechanical tasks. A human can put a piece of bread under the grill and get distracted. A toaster will give you the toast you like time and time again.

A brief history of automation in the glass industry
For a long time, glass manufacturing was manual – and not just glass manufacturing. In fact, the word "manufacture" comes from the Latin manu factum : "made by hand".
It wasn't until the mid-20th century that manufacturers started to use conveyor belts, cranes and other bits of mechanical equipment. This allowed them to produce glass on a larger scale than ever before.
The 1970s saw the advent of computerisation. Computers were used to regular temperatures and monitor production, as well as provide software to keep track of inventory, payroll and other admin.
Computerisation also introduced CNC machines and auto-lathes – machines that execute designs fed to them by a computer. As with your toaster, the margin of error is much smaller than if a human were to cut the glass by hand.
Robotics came onto the scene in the 1980s. Robots were used to handle and manoeuvre glass pieces. This type of automation is used primarily for tasks that could put humans at risk – placing glass in the furnace, for example.
Then from the 1990s onwards, the glass industry began to embrace artificial intelligence and machine learning. This is where computers analyse huge data sets to draw conclusions that inform everything from design to manufacturing to delivery.
What are the benefits of automation to glass manufacturers?
From the point of view of a glass manufacturer, automation has several benefits.
The first relates to productivity. Machines can perform some tasks more quickly and efficiently than humans – and unlike humans, they don't need breaks. This allows manufacturers to meet demand more easily.
Robots also make fewer mistakes than humans. CNC machines, for instance, can cut glass with greater precision than a human could.
Manufacturers that employ automation on the production line spend less on labour. They also spend less on waste by making the cutting, firing and treating processes more efficient.

Glass manufacturing can be hazardous, exposing humans to burns, cuts and other injuries. By automating routine tasks, humans are kept out of harm's way. Robots can also monitor factors such as furnace temperature to reduce the risk of accidents.

How is AI used in the glass industry?
AI is hot property at the moment, largely thanks to ChatGTP and image generators going mainstream. Many applications of AI in manufacturing are less headline-grabbing but no less impressive. Here are four that are increasingly used in the glass industry.
1. Glass-cutting optimisation
When you cut glass by hand, or even by machine, you can create waste material. This is bad for the environment as well as the manufacturer's bottom line. AI can find the optimal lines and measurements to cut, resulting in a more exact finished product.
2. Product development
Product development drives the industry, but it's often expensive to do. It can also be risky if, like glass, the product involves chemicals. Ideas don't generate themselves – not unless you get AI involved.
AI lets you spin up and dispose of ideas quickly and easily, meaning that manufacturers can workshop new products at a low cost.
3. Supply chain optimisation
Like all industries, the glass industry depends on a complex network of suppliers and logistics. Inefficiencies in sourcing materials lead to delays, and delays lead to excess costs.
AI can address this problem by forecasting demand, identifying optimal delivery routes, predicting inventory shortages, and more. It does this by analysing huge data sets and spitting out actionable insights.
4. Predictive maintenance
AI can evaluate data from machine sensors and logs to predict when maintenance is needed. This allows manufacturers to schedule repairs for off-peak times, reducing operational downtime.
ToughGlaze is one of the UK's most trusted suppliers of toughened glass , laminated glass and decorative glass products. Learn more about our 30+ year history or get in touch for a fast, fair quote.

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